moon field trip

Tour of the Moon 4K

In the fall of 2011, the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter ( LRO ) mission released its original Tour of the Moon, a five-minute animation that takes the viewer on a virtual tour of our nearest neighbor in space. Six years later, the tour has been recreated in eye-popping 4K resolution, using the same camera path and drawing from the vastly expanded data trove collected by LRO in the intervening years. The tour visits a number of interesting sites chosen to illustrate a variety of lunar terrain features. Some are on the near side and are familiar to both professional and amateur observers on Earth, while others can only be seen clearly from space. Some are large and old (Orientale, South Pole-Aitken), others are smaller and younger (Tycho, Aristarchus). Constantly shadowed areas near the poles are hard to photograph but easier to measure with altimetry, while several of the Apollo landing sites, all relatively near the equator, have been imaged at resolutions as high as 25 centimeters (10 inches) per pixel. The new tour highlights the mineral composition of the Aristarchus plateau, evidence for surface water ice in certain spots near the south pole, and the mapping of gravity in and around the Orientale basin.

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Field Trip to the Moon General/Schools Field Trip to the Moon Field Trip to the Moon

Field Trip to the Moon is a virtual journey created using NASA engineering models and scientific data. Like NASA s astronauts, you will come face-to-face with the challenges and excitement of traveling through space to land on the Moon. Along the way, you’ll discover some of the differences between the Earth and the Moon and what makes our planet unique and habitable.

Field Trip to the Moon was developed by the American Museum of Natural History in collaboration with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).

Produced by the American Museum of Natural History and NASA Approximate running time 30 minutes Suitable for school groups

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Apollo 17 astronaut Dr. Harrison "Jack" Schmitt and UW grad student Craig Schuff. (Sept. 2011) Learn More

A FIELD TRIP TO THE MOON

Harrison h. schmitt.

The last Apollo mission to the moon, Apollo 17, left Earth on December 7, 1972 to land near the southeastern edge of Mare Serenitatis in the Valley of Taurus-Littrow. For 75 hours, Gene Cernan and the author lived and worked in the valley, performing extensive geological studies of the volcanic rocks that partially fill the valley, the boulders that rolled into the valley from the surrounding mountains, and the meteor impact generated soils that cover the valley floor and walls. Successful exploration of Taurus-Littrow capped a six mission investigation of the materials and history of the moon. At the conclusion of these studies, science had gained a first order understanding of the evolution of the moon as a planet. Humankind had gained knowledge of new resources in the soils of the moon that may help solve many energy problems on Earth and help initiate the exploration and settlement of Mars.

Introduction

Trips to the moon moved out of science fiction into reality on July 20th in 1969. On that date, Apollo 11 landed on the Sea of Tranquillity, extending the edge of human experience 400,000 km into space and to the surface of another planet. Five other landings followed. Apollo 17 became the end of this beginning of human movement into the universe.

The largest rocket to carry humans into space, the Saturn V rose more that a football field in height (364 feet) and weighed 6.2 million pounds fully fueled [1] . Standing at the base of the stacked three stages, or looking across the top of the small solid fueled Launch Escape Rocket, Mission Commander Gene Cernan [2] , Command Module Pilot Ron Evans [3] , and I began to feel as well as see the immense size of this symbol of human ingenuity that would carry the three of us into space.

Training to go to the moon took many forms and included thousands of hours in spacecraft simulators, survival training in the jungles of Panama, and several days a month of science training (mostly geology) at various field locations around the country. Science training for the lunar surface crew aimed not at exposure to analogs of lunar features -- no good analogs exist on Earth -- but at using both instructive settings of comparable geological style and simulated lunar traverses to streamline and refine exploration procedures. We concentrated on sampling, documentation of sample setting, and communication of the essential details and interrelationships of materials and features we might encounter. In the process, we not only prepared to deal efficiently with unexpected discoveries, but polished the planning and operational skills of the entire mission team.

My presence on the crew of Apollo 17 resulted, of course, from the fact that my professional experience included geology, and a logical desire existed in many circles for a geologist to explore the moon before the end of the Apollo Program. Decision makers apparently also believed that my acquired skills in jet aircraft, helicopters, and spacecraft simulators had prepared me to perform well as a Lunar Module Pilot. I just thought going to the moon would be a great idea!

Earth to Moon

Eventually, with inexorable slowness, launch day came. But for us, rather than "day," launch night arrived. After a two hour and 40 minute delay, beginning a mere 30 seconds before the end of our first launch countdown at 10:00 pm, the block house crew bypassed a faulty launch computer instruction, and Apollo 17 began its trip to the moon.

Seven and one half million pounds of pulsing, crackling thrust from the five huge first stage engines, burning kerosene and liquid oxygen, first shook then lifted us toward space, turning night into day behind. In the midst of extraordinarily heavy vibration, forces of acceleration, or "G's" built up -- slowly, at first, then gradually increasing until, just before the S1C first stage burn ended at two minutes and 45 seconds, we had reached four times Earth's gravity. Then, the first stage shut down, the rocket stack unloaded in the absence of thrust, the now useless first stage dropped away toward the Atlantic Ocean, and the SII second stage ignited to continue our upward and southeastward journey. This sequence took us from plus four G's, to minus one and a half G's, to plus one and a half G's in just over a second. That gets your attention!

After about ten minutes, and smooth, liquid hydrogen and oxygen fueled rides on the second stage and the SIVB third stage, we reached a 90 nautical mile high circular orbit above the Earth. With the shut down of the SIVB, weightlessness enveloped us. This feeling of floating in water without any water gradually induced the first mild symptoms of space adaptation -- slight headache and slight nausea. These feelings became more pronounced with movement through the cabin and went away with a few minutes of inactivity. We found that over a few days, symptoms lessened and disappeared.

Like childhood's home which we now only visit, changing in time but unchanged in the mind, we could see the full Earth revolve beneath us. The serpentine coasts of South America and Africa, like pieces from a child's wood block puzzle, bound the blue-black South Atlantic. The eastward bulge of the Amazon and the westward dent of the Congo appear to fit together so neatly that one can easily imagine their joint birth when an ancient super continent slowly began to split apart to form a new ocean.

Later, we can absorb all of South America with one glance from the historic Isthmus of Panama to the gale rent Straits of Magellan and from the streaming brown mouth of the Amazon to the jagged backbone of the Andes. At one point in the planet's rotation, only the brilliant white ranges, valleys, and plains of Antarctica remind the viewer that land still exists. The red-orange continent of Australia finally conquers this impression and becomes the Earth's natural desert beacon for the rest of our voyage.

As they slowly revolve into view, we watch the thunderhead capped islands of the Philippines, the South China Sea with its dense white typhoon Teresa, the gray-green island arcs of the East Indies and their turquoise lagoons, and the jungle blanketed regions of Southeast Asia. The Indian Ocean reappears to finally saturate the mind, and the cycle repeats.

For three days, the fascinating changing scenes of an ever smaller planet Earth dominated our thoughts, until outside, a dark looming presence increasingly made itself felt as much as seen. The disk of the black, lightless moon grew in aspect, blocking more and more of the universal star field and then the mountains of the moon crossed the Earth itself.

Once in orbit about the moon, we looked first toward the airless sunrise and saw increasingly bright and glowing streamers radiating vast distances from a hidden sun. Then, just before sunrise, the center of each streamer became a spike of brilliant light piercing the dark lunar horizon like a luminous blade. A few high peaks cast their reflected light around the horizon's edge for a few moments and then, sunrise!

When the time came to prepare for landing in the Valley of Taurus-Littrow, Gene and I activated the Challenger's systems and undocked from Ron, now alone in the spacecraft America. We would enter the valley from the east with the sun behind and below us for good shadow definition of rocks and craters. Like many other major lunar valleys, Taurus-Littrow extends radially from a large circular basin, in this case, the 500 km diameter basin called Mare Serenitatis. This huge basin formed about 3.9 billion years ago as a result of a large comet or asteroid impact. Subsequently, the basin and the valleys partially filled with dark volcanic lavas.

Dust began to stream away from the rocket as we went through about 100 feet above the surface. After Gene slowed a briefly too rapid descent, the six feet long probes beneath the landing pads touched, a blue light flashed on in the cabin, we shut off the rocket engine, and fell the last few feet to the surface. Slightly less than a second later, news of our landing arrived at Earth.

My first view out of the right-hand window, looking northwest across the valley at mountains 2000 meters high, encompassed only part of a truly breathtaking vista and geologist's paradise. Only later, when I could walk a few tens of meters away from the Challenger, did the full and still unexpected impact of the awe inspiring setting hit me: a brilliant sun, brighter than any desert sun, fully illuminated valley walls outlined against a blacker than black sky, with our beautiful, blue and white marbled Earth hanging over the southwestern mountains.

Indeed one of the most majestic panoramas within the view and experience of humankind confines the Valley of Taurus-Littrow. The roll of dark hills across the Valley floor blends with bright slopes that sweep evenly upwards, tracked like snow, to the rocky tops of the massifs two thousand meters above. The Valley does not have the jagged youthful exuberance of the Himalayas, or of the layered canyons of the Colorado, or of the glacially symmetrical fjords of the north countries, or even of the now so intriguing rifts of Mars. Rather, it has a subdued and ancient majesty. And we were there and part of it.

Gene and I spent about 75 hours on the moon, 22 of which comprised extravehicular activity (EVA) outside the Challenger. The Challenger provided one of the more serviceable and comfortable camps in my experience as a field geologist. The lower half, or descent stage, contained not only the big rocket engine that set us down in the valley, but also the equipment we would use during our exploration. In addition, the descent stage held the food, water, and oxygen needed for the three day stay. The upper half of the Challenger, or ascent stage, not only would take us back into orbit but provided a bedroom, kitchen, dining room, and bathroom.

The first EVA saw a science station deployed and activated, as well as our first geological studies of the 3.8 billion year old, titanium rich basalt beneath the valley floor. This science station included experiments to investigate gravity wave induced oscillations, active and passive seismic activity, the composition of the thin lunar atmosphere, micrometeorite impacts rates, heat flow from the lunar interior, and neutron and cosmic ray fluxes.

Questions often arise as to whether robotic exploration of the moon or any other planet would be less expensive than human exploration and provide all the essential scientific return. This question, of course, can never be answered to everyone's satisfaction if only because of sincere disagreements over what constitutes "essential science.". Clearly, robotic systems will and must make increasingly important contributions, however, the spontaneous human observation, integration, and interpretation of the total dynamic situation involved in space activities, and a calculated human response to that situation, will be as irreplaceable in the future as throughout the past.

At most sampling sites, we generally worked together, using a specific sampling and documentation routine that provide significantly greater efficiency than working alone. While Gene dusted off the equipment on the Rover, I would look over the sampling area, giving a general description of the geology and what we would try to do. Then, I would take a down sun photo while Gene took a cross-sun stereo pair of photos of the area to be sampled. One of us would pick up rock or soil samples while the other held a numbered Teflon sample bag open to receive the sample. After stowing the bagged samples in larger bags mounted on our backpacks, one of us would take both a post-sampling photo to show which samples had been collected and a circular panorama that included the site. A running dialog of each step in the operation as well as other geological observations accompanied this process. The Rover color television camera, operated remotely from Earth, followed most of our activities, providing both additional scientific documentation and many humorous clips of our pratfalls to delight future audiences.

With our explorations over and a good rest behind us, the focus shifted to going back into orbit for a rendezvous with Ron. Preparations included review of seemingly endless contingency procedures to be used in case the normal, computer driven liftoff, ascent, and rendezvous sequences failed. So many engineering precautions had been designed into the Challenger, however, that little likelihood existed that we would be stranded on the moon. Indeed, I don't think any Apollo crew seriously contemplated what they would do in that eventuality. For example, among the hundreds of parts making up the ascent engine, only the exit nozzle and the massive fuel and oxidizer injector ring had no matching pair or backup component (No one could figure out a way these parts could fail.) As a last resort, we could even wire the descent batteries to the circuit breakers controlling the ascent engine fuel and oxidizer valves and force the valves open. As these pressurized liquids react on contact as they mix in the engine, we would be on our way.

We barely noticed the 1/2 G acceleration of liftoff and the slight oscillation during ascent, partly because at the instant of ignition, the uplink communications turned into raw static. Later, we found out that a mix-up on a transfer between Earth transmitting stations caused the problem. As we flew back into orbit on a direct rendezvous path towards Ron in the America, I spent the first few minutes trying to restore Challenger's communications while Gene monitored the guidance systems and yelled at me to "get the comm back!" (It turns out that nothing I could do would have helped. Mission Control finally restored communications on their own.)

With the shutdown of Challenger's ascent rocket engine right on schedule, weightlessness once again invaded the cabin, this time in the company of a cloud of lunar dust from that accumulated beneath the floor grating. In a few minutes, the carbon dioxide removal system acted as an air filter and the cabin air cleared.

Moon to Earth

As the Earth rose, the horns of the sapphirine crescent contrasted with the edge of the bright lunar horizon as a jewel contrasts with a candle's flame. With the acquisition of radio signals, a friend of home spoke to us again, breaking the spell of the silent farside. We were on our way home.

Looking back at a full moon as we sped away, including a large portion of the farside, we could pick out all the sites of Apollo's explorations in addition to the features that corresponded with our new, remarkably detailed understanding of lunar evolution. The close-up view under direct solar illumination made it possible to outline the boundaries of color provinces of the lunar maria, each province probably corresponding to a distinct period of regional volcanic eruptions.

Ron quickly acquired the reputation of "chow hound" for the Apollo 17 crew. In fact, Gene and I worried about leaving him alone for three days with the food supplies. Although food remained when we returned from the lunar surface, all the good stuff, that is, everything with any flavor like bacon squares and chocolate, had disappeared.

All of us had to live with hydrogen gas in the water used to reconstitute various foods (basically the same as today's trail foods). Engineers never have been able to keep this hydrogen from diffusing into the water created when hydrogen and oxygen combine to produce electricity in fuel cells. Although the convenience of having a continuous supply of fresh water should be obvious, hydrogen going into our guts with the food had to come out, much to the discomfort of crew mates.

No lasting physiological effects resulted from nearly two weeks in reduced gravity. Neurological adaptation to the multisensory conflicts of micro-gravity took place within about three days, while other known aspects of the adaptation process remained asymptomatic. Gene and I experienced no one-sixth gravity readaptation symptoms after landing on the moon, nor did we lose our adaptation to micro-gravity up on return to lunar orbit. Radiation exposures were very low.

As entry into the atmosphere approached, our speed increased to about 35,000 miles per hour. We first separated from America's Service Module, relying on the Command Module's batteries to see us through to splashdown. Then, with the blunt end forward, we pointed the lift vector of the conical Command Module toward the Earth (at 35,000 mile per hour, even something that looks like a chocolate Kiss has lift like a wing). This insured capture by the atmosphere and avoided any danger of skipping out into space. As a consequence of this maneuver, we experienced a peak deceleration of seven G's. Seven G's takes a lot of grunts.

At 25,000 feet above the ocean the drogue parachutes (similar to those used for special fuels hot rods) deployed to slow us down even more. This short period actually surprised us by including the most violent motion of the flight. However, at 10,000 feet, the big, beautiful, red and white main chutes began to deploy. Although it seemed to take forever, all three chutes eventually filled, and we drifted to a amazingly low impact splashdown in the reportedly "gentle" swells of the blue Pacific near Samoa.

Reports of gentle swells did not take into account the strange shape of our spacecraft-turned-boat. Strange new motions, coupled with re-adjustments to Earth's gravity and the soak back of entry heat into the cabin, made me more uncomfortable than at any other time during the mission. No one became sick, but it was close.

Further, technology saw the development of a vast new foundation of know-how which can empower technical solutions for many of humankind's challenges, and human society viewed both the power of free peoples when faced with a challenge and the power of ideas when communicated instantaneously throughout the world. Most importantly, however, Apollo demonstrated that the curve of human evolution had been bent, that the species could survive in space and settle the moon, and that, indeed, the parents of the first Martians may be living with us today.

For Would-Be Astronauts

Selections of astronauts now occur more routinely and with much less fanfare than during the Apollo era. On the other hand, even more competition exists for the slots available because so many young people plan their education and careers with becoming an astronaut in mind.

At the start of the first scientist astronaut selection process in 1964, NASA received about 1400 applications, essentially none of which came from women. Just thirteen years later, at the start of the third scientist selection process, over 8000 applied, a third of whom were women. How quickly times change! The selection panel found that hundreds of these 8000 clearly qualified to be astronauts, and the toughest job became deciding which few would actually be selected in that round.

For those who aspire to become astronauts in this competitive environment, the number one priority remains education while number two is good health. Age and certain physical handicaps (vision abnormalities, disease history, etc.) become less and less critical with time and increased confidence in human performance in space. Specialties have become less relevant than education quality, breath of knowledge and experience, and depth of commitment. Almost all sub-disciplines of science, engineering, aeronautics, and health will find application in space flight crews. Eventually, with permanent space stations and settlements on the moon and Mars, most other professions, including teaching, journalism, business, construction, homemaking, and even law, should become a basis for selection.

*Night launch of Apollo 17. S-72-55070 *Full earth from 34,000 miles away. AS17-148-22727 Taurus-Littrow from orbit. AS17-148-22770 Taurus-Littrow just prior to descent. AS17-147-22464 ALSEP site. AS17-147-22549 *Schmitt working beside a large boulder. AS17-140-21496 *Cernan and Challenger in Taurus-Littrow. AS17-147-22527 *Schmitt in spacesuit with tools. AS17-134-20425 *Schmitt and Rover near orange soil site. AS17-137-21011 Orange soil site. AS17-137-20990 *Schmitt walking through a field of boulders. AS17-145-22165 *Flag, Earth, and Schmitt. AS17-134-20384 Flag, Rover, and Schmitt. AS17-140-21386. *Crescent Earthrise from behind the moon. AS17-152-23274 Full moon. AS17-152-23308 Evans retrieving film canister. AS17-152-23391 *Parachutes and Command Module near splashdown. S-72-55834 -->

Additional photographs and links

• Apollo-17 Image Directory (Johnson Space Center)
• Additional Apollo-17 Images (Kennedy Space Center)
• Apollo-17 Home Page
• Apollo Lunar Surface Journal
• Apollo Manned Space Program

[1] The reader will soon note that we used a mixture of measurement systems in the Apollo Program. We built our rockets and spacecraft using the United States system, flew in space using the nautical system, and explored the moon using the metric system. If you get confused, you will know how the crews felt.

[2] Eugene A. Cernan, Captain (USN retired) now consults and lives in Houston, Texas.

[3] Ronald E. Evans, Captain (USN retired) died in 1990 after living and working in Scottsdale, Arizona for many years.

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Field Trip to the Moon Paperback – May 16, 2019

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• Publisher ‏ : ‎ Macmillan Children's Books; Main Market edition (May 16, 2019)
• Language ‏ : ‎ English
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About the author

John Hare spent his youth in Kansas drawing comic strips about snakes, making spoof yearbooks to entertain his friends, and writing stories about a crime-fighting crocodile. At some point, he decided he better actually do something for a living, so John earned an associate's degree in graphic design and got a job as a production artist at a sportswear company. There he worked his way through a comically bizarre work environment to became art director. Art director tasks included rescuing hummingbirds, fixing broken presses, and playing lots of Unreal and Marathon. Later, he moved to Kansas City and worked as a freelance graphic designer. One day, John picked up a brush and painted a scene for his son's nursery. That's when he realized he still wanted nothing more than to bring stories to life. John now lives in Gladstone, Missouri, where he is fortunate to work from his home studio when he's not corralling his two boys or tending to the biological needs of small animals.

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• NEWS FEATURE
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These six countries are about to go to the Moon — here’s why

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An unprecedented number of nations are trying to get to the Moon in the next year. Credit: NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio

The Moon will be one of the most popular destinations in the Solar System in the next year. No fewer than seven missions are headed there from India, Japan, Russia, South Korea, the United Arab Emirates and the United States, along with several companies.

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Pioneer Exploration (Grades 1 to 2):

Step into the life of a child from the 1800s. Students will receive a lesson in our One-room Schoolhouse, try their hand at daily chores at the Pioneer Cabin, visit with the weaver for a hands-on experience working with wool and learn about animals at the Discovery Barn.

Illinois State Standards: 15.C.1a, 15.C.1b, 18.A.1, 18.B.1a,18.C.1, 17.C.1a, 17.C.1b, 17.D.2b, 16A.1a, 16.A.1b, 16.A.1c, 16.B.2d, 16.C.2c, 16.D.2B, 16.E.2a

Destination 1800s (Grades 3 to 5):

Through hands-on and interactive activities, students will step back in time to learn why pioneers chose to move to Illinois and how they survived. Explore the Pioneer Cabin, Blacksmith Shop, Print Shop and Weaver’s Cabin.

Illinois State Standards: 15.C.1a, 15.C.1b, 18.A.2, 18.B.1a, 18.C.1, 18.C.2, 15.C.1a, 17.C.1b, 17.C.2c, 17.D.2b, 16.A.1a, 16.A.1b, 16.A.1c, 16.A.2c, 16.B.2d, 16.C.2c, 16.D.2b, 16.E.2a

One-Room Schoolhouse (Grades 2 to 5):

The One-room Schoolhouse program offers an immersive experience in the life of children of the 1800s. Activities will be led in the most authentic way possible and simulate actual lessons and activities form the days of the One-room Schoolhouse. Maximum number: 30 Students.

Illinois State Standards: 16A.1a, 16.A.1b, 16.A.1c, 16.B.2d

Please follow the link below for the required request form you will need to fill out in order to book your field trip.

Self-Guided Field Trip Form

Guided Field Trip Form

• Download the appropriate form for your field trip type, fill out all fields, and email it to [email protected] .
• A Blackberry Farm staff member will respond to your request within 48 hours. Blackberry Farm takes all inquiries on a first-come, first-served basis, and your submission will be responded to in the order in which it was received.
• Once your field trip has been officially booked a confirmation email will be sent including all of your field trip details.

Still unsure which field trip would best fit your group needs? Have additional questions for our staff? We’re here to help. Fill out the form below and we’ll get back to you as soon as possible.

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Field trip to the moon companion guide.

Grade Levels

Grades 5-8, Informal Education

Earth Science, Engineering Design, Space Science, Technology, Planet Earth, Geology, Solar System and Planets, Earth's Moon

Educator Guides, Lesson Plans / Activities

The companion guide for the Field Trip to the Moon DVD includes three activities to supplement the viewing of the show. The activities are Observe the Moon, Investigate Craters, and Examine Human Exploration. Field Trip to the Moon Companion Guide [613KB PDF file] Related materials: Field Trip to the Moon: LRO/LCROSS Edition Informal Educator Guide Field Trip to the Moon Informal Educator Guide Field Trip to the Moon Educator Guide