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US Visa Application for Minors, Infants and Children

How to Apply US Visa for Minor

US Visa Application for Minors – PDF Guide

The process of applying for a U.S. visa for minors, infants, and children can be more complex and require additional documentation than required for an adult application. Many parents or guardians have problems applying for a visa for their children. The “U.S. Visa Application Guide for Minors, Infants, and Children” was created especially to help parents submit U.S. visa applications for their children. The “U.S. Visa Application Guide for Minors, Infants and Children” can be used by the whole family. It contains information about how adults, as well as minors, infants, and children can apply for U.S. visas.

• Start Application Immediately
• Easy to Understand Instructions
• Apply Online or by Mail
• Pricing and Fee Information Included
• Checklist of Required Documents
• Unlimited Online Support

Visa Application for Minors Content

• US Visa Application for Minors and Children
• US Visa Applications for Infants (Under 2 Years of Age)
• Visa Interview Information for Minors, Children and Infants
• Passport requirements for minors, children and infants
• Information for children traveling to the United States in organized groups
• Information for children traveling to the United States who are not accompanied by one or both parents.
• B-2 Tourist Visa Information
• Explanation of the tourist visa application process
• Tourist Visa Eligibility Information
• How to Fill Out Application Forms for B-2 Tourist Visa

Additional information

• Tourist Visa Extension Information
• Tourist Visa Interview Information
• Visa Waiver Information
• List of required documents
• Filing Fee Information
• Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
• List of USCIS offices nationwide
• Directory of U.S. Consulates and Embassies
• Information on how to obtain the latest immigration forms.

Download U.S. Visa Application for Children and Minors Guide for more information

Common questions about u.s. visas for children:.

Yes, it is possible for your minor child to travel under your visa to the United States. However, the specific requirements and procedures may vary depending on the type of visa you hold and the purpose of your travel. Here are a few key points to consider:

• Dependent Visa: Some visa categories, such as the H-1B or L-1 visas , allow for dependents, including minor children, to accompany the primary visa holder. They can travel to the U.S. under a dependent visa, such as an H-4 or L-2 visa.
• Application Process: Generally, you will need to include your child’s information and documentation in your visa application or apply for their visa separately. This may involve providing proof of the parent-child relationship, such as birth certificates, and fulfilling any specific requirements outlined by the U.S. embassy or consulate.
• Duration of Stay: Your child’s authorized stay will typically be tied to the validity of your visa. They can reside in the U.S. for the same duration as you, as long as they maintain their dependent visa status.
• Study Opportunities: If your child wishes to pursue education in the United States, they may need to apply for a separate student visa, such as an F-1 visa , depending on their age and academic pursuits.

Does my one-month-old baby require a U.S. passport and visa? Or can he/she travel with my passport?

Yes, your one-month-old baby requires his/her own passport and visa to travel to the United States. Every individual, regardless of age, must have a valid passport and a U.S. visa to enter the country. If your child does not have a passport, it is necessary to obtain one before initiating the U.S. visa application process. Once your child has obtained a passport, you can then proceed with applying for the appropriate U.S. visa for him/her. It is crucial to ensure compliance with the passport and visa requirements to facilitate smooth travel and entry into the United States for your child.

Can my teen travel to the United States with an organized tour without a parent present?

Yes, in most cases, a teen can travel to the United States with an organized tour without a parent present. However, it is typically required to present a registered letter that demonstrates parental permission for the trip. It’s important to note that specific requirements may vary depending on your country of residence. For detailed information and instructions tailored to your situation, please refer to the “US Visa Application for Minors, Infants, and Children Guide.” Downloading and reviewing this guide will provide you with accurate and comprehensive guidance for the specific requirements and procedures relevant to your teen’s travel to the United States.

Are children required to attend the visa interview in person?

The answer to this question depends on the age of the child and the country from which the visa is being applied for. In general, minors aged 14 and over may be required to attend the visa interview in person. However, specific rules and regulations regarding visa interviews for minors can vary based on their country of residence . It is important to note that the U.S. Embassy or Consulate where the visa application is being processed will provide instructions and inform you if the minor is required to appear for an interview. Please consult the relevant embassy or consulate for accurate and up-to-date information specific to your situation.

U.S. Immigration Support is managed and operated by a U.S.-licensed law firm, ETAS TRAVEL LEGAL. Our mission is to help immigrants and travelers through the complex United States immigration system with our do-it-yourself immigration guides and travel authorization consultancy. We are not affiliated with the United States government. All applicants can apply directly at uscis.gov or travel.state.gov without our assistance. U.S. Immigration Support is owned by ETAS TRAVEL LLC, and managed by ETAS TRAVEL LEGAL.

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U.S. Tourist Visa for Family and Dependents

1. what documents are required for a family or dependent of a us tourist visa application, 2. what evidence must be provided to prove family relationship for a us tourist visa application, 3. can family members travel on the same us tourist visa, 4. how long is the us tourist visa valid for, 5. what is the length of time i can stay in the us on a tourist visa, 6. are there any restrictions on what activities i am allowed to do while in the us on a tourist visa, 7. how can i extend my us tourist visa, 8. what is the fee for applying for a us tourist visa, 9. are there any medical requirements for obtaining a us tourist visa, 10. how long does it take to process my application for a us tourist visa, 11. who can be included as a dependent in a us tourist visa application, 12. does my dependant need to have a separate application for a us tourist visa, 13. does my dependant need to attend an interview for their us tourist visa application, 14. will my dependant have access to the same benefits as me while in the us on a tourist visa, 15. are there any restrictions on the type of work that can be done by dependents of a us tourist visa holder, 16. is there a minimum age requirement for dependents of a us tourist visa holder, 17. is there an age limit to be eligible to apply for a us tourist visa for family and dependents, 18. what is required to prove financial stability when applying for a us tourist visa for family and dependents, 19. how long before my planned travel date should i apply for my us tourist visa, 20. are there any exemptions from the visa requirements when travelling with family or dependents to the usa.

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The DS-160, Online Nonimmigrant Visa Application form, is for temporary travel to the United States, and for K (fiancé(e)) visas. Form DS-160 is submitted electronically to the Department of State website via the Internet. Consular Officers use the information entered on the DS-160 to process the visa application and, combined with a personal interview, determine an applicant’s eligibility for a nonimmigrant visa.

Visa applicants must submit a completed DS-160, Online Nonimmigrant Visa Application for all nonimmigrant visa categories, including applicants applying for K visas. ( Note:   For K visa cases in process at a U.S. Embassy or Consulate prior to October 7, 2013, review the limited exceptions explained in the FAQs below.) 

Review the Frequently Asked Questions for instructions about using the DS-160.

Access the online DS-160 by clicking: Consular Electronic Application Center website .

Important Notice to Visa Applicants: After you have completed the DS-160, you must take these next steps below:

• Print and keep the DS-160 barcode page. (You will not need to print the full application.)
• You must schedule a visa interview appointment.  (The U.S. Embassy or Consulate does not schedule an appointment for you.) Visit the  U.S. Embassy or Consulate  website where you will be interviewed for country-specific instructions.;
• Pay the visa application processing fee . Review country-specific instructions on the  U.S. Embassy or Consulate  website.

More Information

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Nonimmigrant and tourist visas

Find out how to work in the U.S. or visit as a student or tourist. Learn how to renew your visa and what to do if your visa is lost.

How to apply for or renew a U.S. tourist visa

If you visit the U.S. for tourism or business, you may need a visitor visa, also known as a tourist visa. Learn how to get and renew this type of nonimmigrant visa.

How to check the status of your visa application

Find out how to check the status of your visa application online. And to avoid delays, learn how to update your address if you move while waiting for your visa to be approved.

What happens if your visa application is rejected

Find out what to do if your visa is denied, and learn if you are eligible for a waiver of grounds of inadmissibility.

Foreign visitors: what to do if your visa or passport is lost or stolen

If you are in the U.S. and your visa or passport was lost or stolen, learn how to report it and apply for a new one.

Get a student visa to study in the U.S.

To study in the U.S. as an international student, you must get a student visa. Learn about the types of student visas, how to apply, and if you can work while you study.

Nonimmigrant work visas

Learn about the different nonimmigrant temporary work visa categories and how to apply.

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Traveling with Children: U.S. Visa Requirements for Minors

Traveling with Children: U.S. Visa Requirements for Minors.

Traveling with children can be an enriching experience, but it comes with its own set of challenges, especially when it involves navigating visa requirements for minors. This guide aims to demystify the U.S. visa process for young travelers, ensuring that your journey is as smooth and stress-free as possible.

Understanding Who Is Considered a Minor

In the context of U.S. visas, a minor is typically defined as an individual under the age of 18. This designation is crucial as it impacts the visa application process, documentation, and other legal requirements. Understanding this definition helps in preparing the correct application and gathering the necessary documents tailored for minors.

Common Visa Types for Minors

Minors traveling to the United States can apply for various types of visas depending on the purpose of their trip. The most common are:

B-2 Tourist Visa : Ideal for leisure trips, vacations, or visiting family.

F-1 Student Visa : For minors attending academic institutions.

J-1 Exchange Visitor Visa : Used for cultural exchange programs and short study opportunities.

It’s important to choose the right visa category to ensure compliance with U.S. immigration laws.

The Application Process for Minors

The visa application process for minors largely mirrors that of adults but with an added focus on the child’s background and intent of travel. Key steps include:

• Completing the DS-160 Form: This online form is the first step and must be filled out carefully, paying special attention to sections specific to minors.
• Gathering Documentation: This includes a passport, photo, and any other documents specified by the visa category.
• Scheduling an Interview: Depending on the child’s age and the consulate’s requirements, an interview may be necessary.

Special Documentation and Consent Requirements

When a minor is traveling alone or with one parent, a consent letter from the non-traveling parent(s) is often required. Additionally, you might need to provide documents proving custody or guardianship, especially in cases of divorced or separated parents.

Visa Interview Waivers and Special Provisions for Minors

Minors may qualify for a Visa Interview Waiver , which simplifies the application process. However, this depends on the applicant’s age and other specific criteria. It’s important to check the latest requirements from the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate.

Health and Safety Regulations

Traveling with minors involves a heightened responsibility for their health and safety. When applying for a U.S. visa for a child, it’s essential to consider several health and safety regulations:

1. Health Insurance: Ensure that the child has adequate health insurance coverage for the duration of their stay in the U.S. This is crucial for managing any unexpected medical issues without incurring exorbitant costs.

2. Vaccinations: Check if there are specific vaccination requirements or recommendations for children entering the U.S. Keeping vaccination records handy during travel can also be beneficial.

3. Safety Laws: Familiarize yourself with the U.S. laws and regulations regarding child safety, including car seat requirements, age-appropriate activities, and restrictions on unaccompanied minors.

4. Child Exploitation and Trafficking Laws: The U.S. has strict laws to prevent child exploitation and trafficking. Travelers with minors should be aware of these regulations to avoid any misunderstandings or legal issues.

Transit and Direct Airside Transit Visas (DATV)

For children transiting through the U.S., it’s vital to understand the requirements for Transit (C) and Direct Airside Transit Visas (DATV):

Transit Visas (C): If the child’s travel itinerary includes a layover in the U.S. where they will leave the airport, a Transit Visa is required. This visa allows them to temporarily enter the U.S. while en route to another country.

Direct Airside Transit Visas (DATV): This visa is necessary for children who have a connecting flight in the U.S. but will not leave the airport’s international transit area.

Understanding these requirements is essential to avoid travel disruptions and ensure compliance with U.S. immigration laws.

Preparing for the Trip: Tips and Best Practices

Preparing a child for an international trip involves more than just packing their suitcase. Here are some tips and best practices:

Discuss the Travel Plan: Make sure the child knows the travel itinerary, including flight details and where they will be staying in the U.S.

Emergency Information: Teach them essential contact information, like how to reach you or other responsible adults in case of an emergency.

Cultural Preparation: Brief the child on any cultural differences they might encounter, including language, food, and social customs.

Visa Interview Preparation: If the child has to attend a visa interview , prepare them by discussing what questions they might be asked and how to answer calmly and honestly.

In conclusion, while the process of obtaining a U.S. visa for minors requires careful planning and attention to detail, it is certainly manageable with the right information. By staying informed and prepared, you can ensure a fulfilling and hassle-free travel experience for you and your young companions.

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Most families with autistic children don't travel. Here's how this one did it.

• The travel industry is changing, as more autism-friendly travel options are being introduced.
• An overwhelming 97% of families with an autistic child said they are not satisfied with the current travel options for them.
• Research has found that travel can benefit the personal development of autistic people.

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Traveling as a family forges bonds and priceless memories. Stuart Spielman and his wife Mona, who have been traveling with their two sons since they were young children, can attest to that.

Most recently, the Washington, D.C.-based family went to New York City to celebrate the 30th birthday of their son Zak, who has autism. The family met up with their younger son, who lives in Brooklyn, and other family who live in the area.

“Travel means an opportunity to bring the family together. That’s what it meant in this instance, to bring everyone together and celebrate a milestone in my older son’s life,” Spielman, who is also the senior vice president of advocacy for  Autism Speaks , said. 

The Spielmans have traveled far and near, like Paris, Hawaii, and Chicago. “My mantra is that everyone has a place in the world. Zak should not have a constricting life, Zak should have a full life, like the one I enjoy,” Spielman said. 

Learn more: Best travel insurance

Zak was diagnosed with autism right before he turned 2, and at first, the family met challenges trying to ensure he was comfortable while traveling. He is nonspeaking, expressing his needs and emotions in other ways. “For us, it’s persisting and enjoying ourselves as a family,” Spielman said.

Many of the over 20 million families with a child on the spectrum can relate to the Spielmans. Eighty-seven percent of families with an autistic child report that they don’t take family vacations, according to a 2019 survey of 1,000 parents by the International Board of Credentialing and Continuing Education Standards. 

What is an autism-friendly resort like? These Caribbean resorts make travel for families with autism easier

Like the Spielmans, these families want to travel and explore new places with their children – the travel industry just isn’t accommodating to them. An overwhelming 97% said they are not satisfied with the travel options for them. 

Thankfully, the industry is changing, as more autism-friendly travel options, such as autism-certified resorts and flight boarding demonstrations are being introduced. 

“Over the course of Zak’s 30 years, we are being met more often with smiles and encouragement rather than that impolite long stare,” Spielman said. 

Planning ahead

By now, the Spielmans have their travel planning down pat, although it took “trial and error” to get there. “We’ve had challenging trips and very easy trips,” Spielman said. Zak’s brother, mother and father know him well enough to know what he’s saying without speaking.

On their trips, the family “maintains the right pace” and stays “mindful of his physical comfort and his needs.” Typically, the family builds an agenda for their trip, adding breaks to the cafe car on their Amtrak ride and making sure there’s a casual restaurant that serves hot dogs and French fries, which are foods that Zak likes.

“We want to be mindful of what does a good vacation look like for Zak,” Spielman said. Like with any group travel, the family aims to meet the wants and needs of every member, but “it can be challenging in this case where Zak is nonverbal, but with 30 years of experience, we’ve got a little bit of insight.” 

The family prioritizes Zak’s favorite activities, like walking or looking at water fountains and avoids circumstances that would make Zak uncomfortable, like going to the opera.

A frequent trip the family makes isn’t even far from their backyard – to Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, and the canal town of Harper’s Ferry in West Virginia. Zak enjoys walking along the canal and enjoying the day. Starting with smaller trips can help families learn more about the autistic member’s sensory triggers and be less overwhelming than a completely new environment, like a bustling city or far-away island. 

The joys of travel are meant for everyone

Everyone can benefit from travel. Research has found that travel can benefit the personal development of autistic people by boosting their adaptability, building confidence (both with themselves and their parents), and helping them cope better with everyday stressors. The love and trust built through positive travel experiences are also meaningful. 

In some instances, traveling with Zak has created connections that span borders for the family. “We often have this, we go to a hotel and staff will come up and say, ‘My brother’s on the spectrum, and we have some activities if you’re interested,’ ” Spielman said.

When Zak and his brother were toddlers, the family visited the Vatican Museums in Rome and Zak was vocalizing and caught the attention of a security guard, Spielman said. Thinking Zak was in trouble or was about to get kicked out, Spielman said the guard actually told him, “My son is like yours.” 

“I think everyone benefits from being around Zak,” he said. 

One of Zak’s favorite things to do when traveling is go to the beach for the sensory experience. He enjoys walking in and out of the refreshing water and feeling the warmth of the sand and sun. 

“The joys of seeing someone you care about kicking sand on the beach, just being content being in a different place and being happy, it means something special. With Zak, he’s part of our family, sometimes it’s harder to travel, but it’s just so important,” Spielman said. 

Kathleen Wong is a travel reporter for USA TODAY based in Hawaii. You can reach her at [email protected] .

The Key Points at the top of this article were created with the assistance of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and reviewed by a journalist before publication. No other parts of the article were generated using AI. Learn more .

Thai Airlines: Free Family Travel Opportunities

• Last updated Jul 21, 2024
• Difficulty Beginner

• Category Travel

Thai Airways is a great option for families travelling with children. It offers in-flight entertainment, free luggage, free food and drinks, and plenty of legroom. The staff are helpful and friendly, and the food is highly rated. Thai Airways also offers business and first-class options, with luxurious cabins, fine dining, and lounge access. However, these tickets come at exorbitant prices.

What You'll Learn

Thai airways' royal first class suites, thai airways' royal silk business class, thai airways' economy class, thai airways' lounges, thai airways' child meals.

The suites feature a sliding door that offers partial privacy, and the extra-wide seat provides a comfortable space to relax. The main seat is adjustable via a small touchscreen or tactile buttons, and it transforms into a lie-flat bed using a multi-function ottoman located beneath the 24-inch full HD television. The ottoman also provides ample storage space and can be used as a second seat when travelling with a companion.

Upon boarding, passengers are treated to a welcome glass of vintage Dom Perignon champagne and a hot towel service, along with a small box of treats. Thai Airways offers a range of fine dining options that change monthly and can be pre-ordered up to three days before departure from Bangkok.

Prior to boarding, first-class passengers can access the Royal Orchid lounge to unwind and enjoy a hot food buffet or order from an exclusive à la carte menu. The lounge features various seating areas, shower facilities, and a spa offering complimentary hour-long treatments, including full-body and foot massages.

At the airport, Thai Airways provides a dedicated first-class check-in counter and a personal porter who escorts passengers through a special Fast Track security lane and immigration area. Overall, the Royal First Class Suites experience promises a luxurious and indulgent journey from the moment passengers arrive at the airport until they disembark at their destination.

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Seating and Cabin Experience:

In-Flight Entertainment:

The in-flight entertainment system features a fixed display that you can use from gate to gate. While the interface is dated and not very intuitive, it offers a decent selection of content, including movies, TV channels, and games. Plus, the addition of a tail camera is a nice touch. Each seat is also equipped with a pair of USB ports and an international power outlet, ensuring you can stay connected and charged throughout your flight.

Food and Beverage:

Thai Airways' business-class dining experience is a mix of Western and Thai cuisine. The lunch service typically starts with an amuse-bouche, followed by a salad or starter, a main course, and dessert. The main course often includes a generous portion of Thai curry, rice, and stir-fried vegetables. However, the breakfast service may be disappointing, with a random assortment of dishes that may not appeal to everyone's taste. Beverage options include champagne, orange juice, and iced coffee.

Amenities and Service:

Upon boarding, you'll receive a packed amenity kit containing useful items such as a hairbrush, toothbrush and toothpaste, socks, and earplugs. Slippers are also provided, which is a nice touch. In the bathroom, you'll find large and beautifully scented Institut Karite facial moisturisers. However, cleanliness in the bathroom may not always be up to the highest standards. The crew service can be a mixed bag, with some friendly and helpful attendants and others who may be less attentive or frosty.

Overall Impressions:

While Thai Airways has a reputation for excellent service, recent reviews suggest that they may be underperforming in certain areas. The hard product, including the seats and storage options, could use an upgrade, and the food and beverage service could benefit from improved presentation and consistency. However, the pricing is often competitive, and the opportunity to combine Thai Airways with Lufthansa Group Airlines allows for interesting flight itineraries from Europe.

Traveling to Hawaii with an Expired Visa: Is it Possible?

Thai Airways offers a reasonable economy-class product that is not as basic as you might expect. Every plane in the fleet has a 3-3-3 economy configuration, allowing seats to be wider than competitors who opt for a 3-4-3 layout. For instance, seats on the Airbus A350-900 offer 32 inches (81 centimetres) of pitch and are 18 inches (46 centimetres) wide.

On the A380, economy-class travellers on international flights and long-distance domestic flights are provided with a pillow and blanket. Eye shades and earplugs are also available on request. A headset is also available. Toys, games, and books are available on international and domestic flights for children.

In-flight entertainment on Thai Airways includes a wide variety of TV channels, movies, and games for kids. From cartoons like Lion Guard and Mickey Mouse to Marvel films. The screen is touchscreen, but a handset can also be used. WiFi is available on Thai at a charge, starting from $4.99 for 10MB.

Multiple dining options are available in economy class, and Royal Orchid Plus Platinum or Gold members can still pre-select their meal before departure.

Exploring the Factors to Consider When Applying for a Travel Visa

Thai Airways offers a range of lounges for eligible travellers to relax or work in before their flight. These lounges are located throughout Thailand and at selected international destinations.

Royal Orchid Lounge

The Royal Orchid Lounge is located in the international departure area, opposite gate 8. It offers snacks and refreshments, TV, magazines, newspapers, WiFi, and a toilet. There are two Royal Orchid Lounges, North and South, located on the fourth floor of the international departure area after immigration and security. The North lounge is open from 5:00 am to 3:00 am, while the South lounge is open from 7:00 am to 5:00 am. Both lounges offer hot food, snacks, TV, magazines, newspapers, WiFi, and USB ports.

Royal First Lounge

The Royal First Lounge is located one floor above the departure level, after immigration control. It offers food, snacks, refreshments, TV, magazines, newspapers, high-speed WiFi, PC and fax access, free local calls, and long-distance calls.

Royal Silk Lounge

The Royal Silk Lounge is located on the first floor of the departure lounge. It offers food, snacks, refreshments, TV, magazines, newspapers, WiFi, PC and fax access, free local calls, long-distance calls, and a toilet.

Domestic Lounge

The domestic lounge is located in the domestic departure hall, after security near gate number 3. It offers snacks and refreshments.

International Lounge

The international lounge is located in the international terminal 1, near gate 9, after immigration. It is open from 10:30 am to 1:00 pm and from 5:00 pm to 8:00 pm. It offers soup, hot food (including Thai main dishes), snacks, drinks, coffee, tea, wine, alcohol, free WiFi, and USB ports.

Royal Orchid Lounge Singapore

The Royal Orchid Lounge in Singapore is located on the third floor of the transit hall, terminal 031-66. It is open during the following times: TG 404: 10:25 am to 12:25 pm, and TG 410: 6:00 pm to 9:00 pm. It offers snacks, refreshments (including sandwiches, pastries, and finger food), TV, WiFi, PC and fax access, magazines, and newspapers.

Can I Travel to UAE with an Oman Visa? Here's What You Need to Know

Thai Airways offers a child meal option for children on long-haul flights. It is recommended to pre-request child meals for the flight, even if the children have already eaten, as they may still enjoy eating on the plane. On recent day flights, Thai Airways has been giving out a metal lunchbox full of snacks.

On shorter flights, such as the Bangkok to Krabi route, there is no option to request child meals, so it is recommended to bring your own snacks.

Essential Tips for the Perfect Airport Travel Outfit

Frequently asked questions.

No Thai airlines offer free travel for families. However, Thai Airways is considered the World's Best Economy Airline and offers in-flight entertainment, free luggage, free food and drinks, and plenty of legroom.

Thai Airways, Thai Smile, and Nok Air are all good options for families. Thai Airways offers in-flight entertainment, free luggage, free food and drinks, and plenty of legroom. Thai Smile is a low-cost subsidiary of Thai Airways that offers a free allowance of 20 kg of checked luggage, free snacks and drinks, and the option to choose your seat up to 90 days in advance. Nok Air offers free snacks, water, and Wi-Fi, and their bird-themed airplanes and uniforms are sure to be a hit with kids.

Bangkok Airways, the self-proclaimed Asia's Boutique Airline, offers private lounges at many airports in Thailand, with free food, drinks, and Wi-Fi. Thai Vietjet Air is a budget-friendly option that flies out of the main Suvarnabhumi Airport.

When flying with a family in Thailand, it is important to leave plenty of time to get to the airport due to heavy traffic and long queues at check-in counters. It is also recommended to take your own items of comfort, such as a pillow or blanket, as the airplanes tend to have strong air-conditioning.

Some family-friendly hotels in Thailand include Chatrium Residence Sathorn, Katathani Phuket Beach Resort, and Centre Point Hotel Chidlom.

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Money blog: What happens when our gold mines run dry?

Welcome to the Money blog, your place for personal finance and consumer news and tips. Read our weekend features below - and let us know your thoughts - and we'll be back with live updates on Monday.

Saturday 20 July 2024 12:57, UK

Weekend Money

• What happens when our gold mines run dry?
• Swearing ban and shrinking chocolates - your comments this week
• Where this week left us on interest rates

Essential reads

• Best savings accounts right now
• Cheapest ways to get your holiday money
• We tried UK's cheapest three-course dinner* - here's what you get for £4 (or £5 if you want to splash out)
• Women in Business: 'I set up business with £200 and went on Dragons' Den - now it's worth £1.5m'
• Basically... What happens when you go bankrupt?
• Best of the Money blog - an archive of features

Ask a question or make a comment

By Ollie Cooper , Money blog reporter

In June, gold hit an all-time high price of £62,022.60 per kilogram. 

Rising prices come as geopolitical tensions heighten, economic conditions remain uncertain and financial markets continue to wade through a period of volatility.

The news has also raised questions of what would happen when mines run out of this finite resource. 

When will we run out of gold?

Some experts have estimated we'll run out of gold to mine as soon as 2050. 

Around 240,000 tonnes of gold has been mined in total, according to the US Geological Survey, but the below-ground stock of gold reserves was estimated to be around 50,000 tonnes back in 2020.

It's thought the annual production rate of new gold is around 3,000 tonnes per year - meaning that 2050 figure looks realistic by means of basic arithmetic. 

It's important to stress that these figures are estimates - and you also have to remember that gold, a virtually indestructible metal, can be recycled, so it is impossible for us to "run out" completely, even when the supply from mines dries up. 

But there would still be major global consequences.

"Advances in mining technology and processing methods could increase the efficiency of gold extraction and make previously uneconomical deposits viable - and this would potentially extend the lifespan of current reserves," Pete Walden, managing director at BullionByPost , told Sky News. 

"Additionally, new gold deposits may be discovered, which will extend the timeline for depletion.

"While its speculative, I don't think it is too wild to assume we will face significant depletion within the next 20 to 30 years."

To get a feel for what running out of fresh supplies may look like, Sky News spoke to Rick Kanda, managing director at The Gold Bullion Company . 

Value of gold itself

The fundamental principle of supply and demand dictates that as the supply of gold dwindles, its price will likely skyrocket. 

"Seeing the availability decline, investors would rush to acquire and hoard gold, increasing its cost," Rick explains. 

Historically, gold has been a safe-haven asset, meaning its value increases during economic uncertainty or scarcity.

But as gold becomes prohibitively expensive, investors would likely turn to other precious metals.

Those could include silver, platinum, and palladium, Rick says.

"Their use in various industrial applications and jewellery makes them attractive alternatives.

"These metals, often seen as substitutes for gold, would also experience price increases due to heightened demand."

Would this affect currency?

Since the abolition of the gold standard (1931 in the UK, 1971 in the US), most global currencies are no longer directly tied to gold. 

"This shift to fiat currencies means central banks can print money independently of their gold reserves," Rick explains.

"Therefore, while the scarcity of gold might influence the value of gold-backed securities or assets, it wouldn't directly affect the value of currencies like the pound or the dollar."

However, it could affect investor confidence and the perceived stability of economies that hold significant gold reserves.

How would this affect banks and their stores?

Institutions like the Bank of England and Fort Knox hold substantial gold reserves. 

"If gold prices rise significantly, these institutions might consider liquidating some of their holdings to capitalise on high prices," Rick says.

"However, the gold wouldn't disappear; it would simply change ownership," he adds.

The new owners would still require secure storage, so there would still be demand for extensive vaulting services like those seen in the BoE and Fort Knox.

Impact on jewellery and industry

"The cost of gold items in the jewellery industry would substantially increase," Rick says.

This could decrease demand as consumers turn to more affordable alternatives or buy less. 

"High prices might also lead to innovation in the design and use of mixed materials, reducing reliance on pure gold."

Gold isn't just used in jewellery - it's critical for other industries too, like electronics. 

"Beyond gold jewellery, the most affected products would be those in the medical and electronics sectors," Rick says.

Gold is used in medical devices because it is corrosion-resistant and doesn't harm our bodies. 

"Gold is a crucial component in electronics due to its excellent conductivity and resistance to corrosion. 

"A shortage would lead to supply chain disruptions and increased costs for manufacturers of electronic components, including smartphones, computers, and advanced medical equipment," Rick says.

"Companies might need to invest in research to find alternative materials or more efficient recycling methods to mitigate these impacts."

Economic shifts

As gold is a crucial commodity, significant price fluctuations can affect the global economy.

While the world might still have enough gold, reducing new annual supplies could increase gold price volatility. 

"This volatility can impact industries that rely heavily on gold, such as electronics and jewellery, leading to higher production costs and potential economic instability in those sectors," Rick says. 

Is the industry preparing for this?

All of this can make for quite worrying reading - but the industry is taking steps. 

"Miners are continually exploring new sites and revisiting previously unviable locations," Rick explains.

As gold prices increase, sites that were once too costly to use might become economically feasible - potentially leading to the development of new mining operations, and thus ensuring a continued supply of gold.

There is ongoing research into recovering gold from unconventional sources. 

"For example, the National Ocean Service estimates there are 20 million tonnes of gold in the Earth's seas," Rick says. 

"Currently, these fine particles are not recoverable, but if gold prices rise enough, it could become economically viable to develop cost-effective recovery methods."

The industry is also focusing on improving recycling technologies to reclaim gold from electronic waste and other sources.

Enhanced recycling methods can lessen the impact of reduced new supplies by ensuring that existing gold remains in circulation.

This week we've reported on inflation, interest rates and employment data - but the subject that really seemed to get you going (if our inbox is anything to go by) was...

The replies were as plentiful as they were predictable...

I certainly won't be buying any Celebrations this Christmas, that's for sure. What's happened to the news inflation is coming down and shop prices are coming down? l think a few government bods need to get a shopping trolley and see what is going on. Tony Hoare

Quality Street were the best value. Roses did not taste anything like Cadbury - not one of them in the Roses tub were like Cadbury. So really disappointed by this Celebrations news. McDonald

I'll buy something else, thanks for the heads up. Going the same way as Quality Street, which I don't buy any more either. Alan

All bars and tins of chocolates have shrunk over the years. How many people remember the slogan: if you like a lot of chocolate on your biscuit join our Club? Couldn't say that now about Club biscuits now! Mbic

Quite simple. These manufacturers will, eventually, go out of business by taking customers for fools. We're all fully aware that they are all conning us on an almost daily basis. Simple solution for us is that we stop buying their products! Albert Taylor

I think people would be willing to pay a little extra if the size remains consistent. Drw77

In other news, a pet food made with lab-grown chicken was approved for sale in the UK. 

Meatly became the first company ever to secure approval to sell its cultivated meat products in Europe.

Here's what readers had to say...

Would I feed my dog "cultivated meat"? Not under any circumstances. Dog lover

As a vegetarian, I would definitely try lab-grown chicken for my dogs. Anything that reduces the environmental impact and means fewer animals suffering through the factory farming nightmare must be worth a shot. Helen

Meanwhile, Santander announced it would "now stop any payments with profanities in the reference" for its business banking customers. 

Several high street banks do not allow swearing in the references already so Santander is not alone, but it still raised a few eyebrows.

Santander's swearing policy is b******s Mr Splodge

It's about time as there are dictionaries full of other words without swearing. It all starts from home. Mac

I found that my dealings with Santander are enough to make a person swear. They have one of the worst customer services I've had the misfortune to experience. Jacmurphy

Santander bank is absolutely right to ban the foul and rude language - since lockdown, the whole country has become a "hot bed" of totally unacceptable foul [language]; uncouth everywhere you visit - well done Santander!" Mic3686

Two sets of data this week had an impact on forecasts for when an interest rate cut would come.

The first, inflation figures for June reported on Wednesday, could tip the balance in favour of the Bank of England "sitting on their hands" at the next meeting, according to business presenter Ian King.

Inflation remaining bang on target at 2% sounded, on the face of it, like good news - but a deeper dive into the figures revealed services inflation came in at 5.7% (down, but higher than forecast).

The Bank worries about this figure as services inflation is made up in large part by wages - and when these go up, they do not come down. This is inflationary - and the whole point of high interest rates is to slow inflation by discouraging spending and encouraging saving.

Data and economics editor Ed Conway wrote his take on all this, and Taylor Swift's role, here ...

There was better news (at least for those hoping for a rate cut - and remember, not everyone is... for example savers) 24 hours later as wage growth dipped from 6% to 5.7%.

Again, the Bank has been keeping a close eye on these figures.

At the start of the week, the markets had priced in a 50/50 chance of a base rate cut on 1 August. This fell away, in favour of a hold, on Wednesday but returned a bit, to 57/43 in favour of a hold, by Thursday.

Separately to all this, on Tuesday the International Monetary Fund confirmed it is expecting the UK economy to grow faster than previously forecast this year.

The Washington-based fund, which was predicting  only last October  the UK would be the slowest of all G7 nations to grow its economy this year, now expects it to be firmly in the middle of the pack.

The upgrade - which takes expected growth this year from 0.5% to 0.7% - does not reflect the recent change of government, since it was  first announced in May , when the IMF conducted its annual assessment of the  UK economy . 

Read the full story from Ed Conway here ...

The Money blog is your place for consumer news, economic analysis and everything you need to know about the cost of living - bookmark news.sky.com/money.

It runs with live updates every weekday - while on Saturdays we scale back and offer you a selection of weekend reads.

Check them out this morning and we'll be back on Monday with rolling news and features.

The Money team is Bhvishya Patel, Jess Sharp, Katie Williams, Brad Young, Ollie Cooper and Mark Wyatt, with sub-editing by Isobel Souster. The blog is edited by Jimmy Rice.

The National Trust is offering visitors a free pass that gives them access to its sites across the country.

The offer allows two adults and up to three children, or one adult and up to four children (or couples or individuals), to visit one National Trust site for free in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.

The pass would normally cost £25 to £35 on average depending on the sites visited.

In order to get hold of the pass you will need to pick up a physical copy of the Daily Mirror, Daily Star, or Daily Express by 21 July where you'll find a free National Trust family pass printed as a voucher.

The offer is available until 1 September.

Seven of the top 20 airports in the UK have increased their prices for drop-off parking since last summer, new analysis by the RAC shows. 

Four major airports have increased drop-off charges by £1 compared to 2023: 

• London Gatwick (£6 for 10 minutes)
• Edinburgh (£5 for 10 minutes)
• Birmingham (£5 for 15 minutes)
• Bristol (£6 for 10 minutes), 

Additionally, three others - Glasgow, Leeds Bradford and Aberdeen - have put prices up by 50p since last year. 

However, nine airports have frozen their prices this year.

London Stansted - despite not increasing its charges this year, to the relief of drivers - remains the most expensive UK airport for dropping off, charging a whopping £7 for up to 15 minutes, the equivalent of 47p a minute. 

Leeds Bradford is a close second - charging £6.50 for 10 minutes, with London Gatwick and Bristol the third most expensive at £6 for up to 10 minutes. 

Glasgow and Aberdeen both charge £5.50 for 15 minutes.

RAC senior policy officer Rod Dennis said: "It's depressing, if perhaps unsurprising given what's happened in the past, to see seven airports have hiked their drop-off charges once again this year. 

"To have to pay £5, £6 or even £7 for the briefest of stops to simply open the boot and take some luggage out for a friend or loved one is bordering on the ridiculous."

Workers who are paid weekly could be particularly impacted by today's IT outage after businesses said their software for payroll was affected.

Melanie Pizzey, chief executive officer and founder of the Global Payroll Association, said: "We’ve been contacted by numerous clients already today who have been unable to access their payroll software due to the Microsoft outage and others who have been urged to log out with immediate effect.

"Depending on the length of this outage, it could have very serious implications for businesses across the nation, particularly those who process payroll on a weekly basis.

"Furthermore, we could see a backlog with regard to processing payrolls for the coming month end which may delay employees from receiving their monthly wage.

"At best, it will require those managing payroll to work overtime to rectify the issue, but the good news is that it doesn’t seem to be a cyber attack."

Problems for banks and cash, too

Some banking services have also been affected, with Barclays bank reporting that its digital investing platform was also suffering disruptions.

A spokesman for the bank said: “All Barclays services are operating as normal at this time other than our digital investing platform Smart Investor, where customers are currently unable to manage their account in the app, Online Banking or over the phone.”

Other payments services, banks and financial institutions sought to reassure customers that their systems were running without disruption.

Link, which runs the UK’s network of ATM cash machines, said its network is "working normally but enhanced monitoring is in place as a precaution."

Follow the latest on the fallout of the IT problems in our dedicated live blog...

First-time buyers in the UK often face a mammoth task to own their own home, with the cost of the deposit the biggest barrier.

New figures from the Office for National Statistics reveal the average house price increased for a third month to £285,000 in May - in what will be good news for homeowners, but far from encouraging for those trying to get on the ladder.

Many prospective buyers face having to put forward a minimum 10% deposit to secure a decent mortgage.

But there's a postcode lottery when it comes to how much savers need to put aside for their first home.

The most recent data from Statista shows the average deposit for a first-time buyer has decreased across all regions in the UK over the past couple of years, going from £62,471 in 2022 to £53,414 in 2023.

Unsurprisingly, the average deposit in Greater London remains the highest in the UK at an eye-watering £108,848 - more than twice the UK average.

Meanwhile, in the North East, first-time buyers can expect to put down £29,740 on average - well below the national figure.

Property portal OnTheMarket says it's not all bad for first-time buyers, with the government's mortgage guarantee scheme offering 5% deposit mortgages from participating lenders, so long as they pass the usual credit and income checks.

It also has these five tips for anyone trying to save for a deposit:

Set clear savings goals

Work out how much you need to save for your deposit and establish a realistic timeline for reaching this goal. In order to achieve it, break down the amount into manageable monthly, or even weekly, savings targets.

Create a budget and stick to it

Aim to track your income and expenses to identify areas where you could cut back, or even allocate more money to your savings goal. Consider reducing spending where possible - but make sure to find a balance that works for you.

Research savings accounts

Ensure that you do enough research so you can sign up for an account that is best suited for you and your saving needs. 

For first-time buyers, savings accounts with high interest rates are great to look out for.

Explore government schemes

The Lifetime ISA (LISA) scheme helps you save money towards a property deposit and get more out of your savings. With a LISA, you can pay up to £4,000 per year into your account and the government will put in 25% to your savings, while your savings also accrue interest.

There are other schemes too, such as the First Homes scheme or shared ownership, which may be more suited to your needs. 

Gifted money 

If you are fortunate enough to have family members available to help you out with saving for a house deposit, you will be in a better position to receive good interest rates on your mortgage and benefit from lower monthly payments. 

Two Premier League football teams say supporters could have issues buying tickets after today's global IT chaos.

Brentford FC has apologised to fans for ticketing issues caused by today's IT issues.

It said on X: "Due to an issue with third-party software affecting businesses globally, Brentford FC's Ticketmaster platform is currently experiencing technical difficulties. 

" Supporters looking to purchase tickets are advised not to join the online queue. 

"In the meantime, for any ticket-related questions, please call the ticket office on 0333 005 8521. 

"We apologise for any inconvenience this may cause and are working to restore our systems as quickly as possible."

Burnley, another Premier League side, also posted on X to say it had been affected by technical issues with Ticketmaster.

No free school meals and increased childcare costs mean the summer holidays can be financially precarious for some families.

But if you earn less than £100,000, there is help out there you should be aware of.

30 free hours

Parents with children aged between nine months and four years old are eligible for up to 30 hours of funded childcare a week.

Universal Credit

You can claim up to £1,739 per month for childcare costs if you have two or more children, or up to £1,014 per month for one child, while working and on Universal Credit.

If you're not on Universal Credit, it is worth checking if you could qualify for the "child element" of the benefits, worth £288 per child per month (up to two children) - but this is means tested.

Tax-Free Childcare scheme

For those who do not claim Universal Credit or Tax Credits, it may be advisable to look into this top-up for working parents.

It provides an additional £2 for every £8 you spend on childcare up to £500 every three months, or £1,000 for children with some disabilities.

This applies to people with children aged 11 or younger (or 16 and below if they have a disability) who pay for childcare.

You must be employed or self-employed and earn at least the equivalent of 16 hours a week on minimum wage and less than £100,000 per annum.

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USCIS Issues Policy Guidance on Children’s Acquisition of Citizenship

USCIS is updating guidance in the  USCIS Policy Manual regarding provisions for children’s acquisition of citizenship.

We are updating guidance relating to children’s acquisition of citizenship in response to public feedback. We are also updating guidance based on the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Sessions v. Morales-Santana , 582 U.S. 47 (2017), and clarifying other provisions related to acquisition of citizenship.

The guidance:

• Affirms that applicants who already filed an application for a Certificate of Citizenship and were denied, but become eligible following a change in USCIS policy, may file a motion to reopen the prior USCIS denial of their application.
• Clarifies that a U.S. citizen parent may meet the requirement of physical presence in the United States (or outlying possession) before the child’s birth while in any immigration status, or no status.
• Clarifies that in cases where a child is born out of wedlock to two U.S. citizen parents and cannot acquire U.S. citizenship from the father, the mother meets the requirement by demonstrating 1 year of continuous physical presence in the United States or one of its outlying possessions before the child’s birth.
• Affirms that, for purposes of acquiring citizenship at birth, USCIS requires that a parent must be recognized as a legal parent of the child by the relevant jurisdiction at the time of the child’s birth.
• Clarifies that a child acquires citizenship under statutes requiring all conditions to be met while the child is under 18 years of age if the last condition was satisfied on the day of the child’s 18th birthday. Similarly, a child is eligible to obtain citizenship under INA 322 if USCIS approves the application and the child takes the oath (if required) on the day of the child’s 18th birthday.
• Confirms that USCIS accepts a valid and unexpired U.S. passport or a Consular Report of Birth Abroad (CRBA) as evidence of U.S. citizenship. However, USCIS also determines whether the applicant properly acquired U.S. citizenship and if necessary, may request that the Department of State revoke the U.S. passport or cancel the CRBA before USCIS adjudicates an application for a Certificate of Citizenship.
• Clarifies processes when USCIS, in addition to an applicant’s claim of U.S. citizenship, adjudicates claims to U.S. citizenship for an applicant’s parents or grandparents (sometimes called “nested claims of U.S. citizenship”). When adjudicating applications for a Certificate of Citizenship, if an applicant’s parent or parents’ U.S. citizenship is unknown or unclear, the officer must determine the applicant’s parents’ (and, if necessary, grandparents’) U.S. citizenship status before adjudicating the applicant’s citizenship claim.
• Clarifies that for purposes of an application for naturalization filed under the provision for children of a U.S. citizen who subjected them to battery or extreme cruelty, a stepchild’s relationship with the U.S. citizen stepparent does not need to continue to exist at the time of the application for naturalization.

The update also includes various changes to nationality charts in the Policy Manual.

This guidance, contained in Volume 12 of the Policy Manual, is effective immediately, and applies to applications that are pending or filed on or after the date of publication.

For more information, see the  Policy Alert (PDF, 346.57 KB) .