health tourism montenegro

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Montenegro Traveler View

Travel health notices, vaccines and medicines, non-vaccine-preventable diseases, stay healthy and safe.

• Packing List

After Your Trip

There are no notices currently in effect for Montenegro.

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Check the vaccines and medicines list and visit your doctor at least a month before your trip to get vaccines or medicines you may need. If you or your doctor need help finding a location that provides certain vaccines or medicines, visit the Find a Clinic page.

Routine vaccines

Recommendations.

Make sure you are up-to-date on all routine vaccines before every trip. Some of these vaccines include

• Chickenpox (Varicella)
• Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis
• Flu (influenza)
• Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR)

Immunization schedules

All eligible travelers should be up to date with their COVID-19 vaccines. Please see  Your COVID-19 Vaccination  for more information. 

COVID-19 vaccine

Hepatitis A

Recommended for unvaccinated travelers one year old or older going to Montenegro.

Infants 6 to 11 months old should also be vaccinated against Hepatitis A. The dose does not count toward the routine 2-dose series.

Travelers allergic to a vaccine component should receive a single dose of immune globulin, which provides effective protection for up to 2 months depending on dosage given.

Unvaccinated travelers who are over 40 years old, immunocompromised, or have chronic medical conditions planning to depart to a risk area in less than 2 weeks should get the initial dose of vaccine and at the same appointment receive immune globulin.

Hepatitis A - CDC Yellow Book

Dosing info - Hep A

Hepatitis B

Recommended for unvaccinated travelers of all ages traveling to Montenegro.

Hepatitis B - CDC Yellow Book

Dosing info - Hep B

Cases of measles are on the rise worldwide. Travelers are at risk of measles if they have not been fully vaccinated at least two weeks prior to departure, or have not had measles in the past, and travel internationally to areas where measles is spreading.

All international travelers should be fully vaccinated against measles with the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, including an early dose for infants 6–11 months, according to  CDC’s measles vaccination recommendations for international travel .

Measles (Rubeola) - CDC Yellow Book

Dogs infected with rabies are not commonly found in Montenegro.

Rabies is present in some terrestrial wildlife species.

If rabies exposures occur while in Montenegro, rabies vaccines are typically available throughout most of the country.

Rabies pre-exposure vaccination considerations include whether travelers 1) will be performing occupational or recreational activities that increase risk for exposure to potentially rabid animals and 2) might have difficulty getting prompt access to safe post-exposure prophylaxis.

Please consult with a healthcare provider to determine whether you should receive pre-exposure vaccination before travel.

For more information, see country rabies status assessments .

Rabies - CDC Yellow Book

Avoid contaminated water

Leptospirosis

How most people get sick (most common modes of transmission)

• Touching urine or other body fluids from an animal infected with leptospirosis
• Swimming or wading in urine-contaminated fresh water, or contact with urine-contaminated mud
• Drinking water or eating food contaminated with animal urine
• Avoid contaminated water and soil
• Avoid floodwater

Clinical Guidance

Avoid bug bites.

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic fever

• Tick bite 
• Touching the body fluids of a person or animal infected with CCHF
• Avoid Bug Bites

Leishmaniasis

• Sand fly bite

Airborne & droplet

• Breathing in air or accidentally eating food contaminated with the urine, droppings, or saliva of infected rodents
• Bite from an infected rodent
• Less commonly, being around someone sick with hantavirus (only occurs with Andes virus)
• Avoid rodents and areas where they live
• Avoid sick people

Tuberculosis (TB)

• Breathe in TB bacteria that is in the air from an infected and contagious person coughing, speaking, or singing.

Learn actions you can take to stay healthy and safe on your trip. Vaccines cannot protect you from many diseases in Montenegro, so your behaviors are important.

Eat and drink safely

Food and water standards around the world vary based on the destination. Standards may also differ within a country and risk may change depending on activity type (e.g., hiking versus business trip). You can learn more about safe food and drink choices when traveling by accessing the resources below.

• Choose Safe Food and Drinks When Traveling
• Water Treatment Options When Hiking, Camping or Traveling
• Global Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)
• Avoid Contaminated Water During Travel

You can also visit the Department of State Country Information Pages for additional information about food and water safety.

Prevent bug bites

Bugs (like mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas) can spread a number of diseases in Montenegro. Many of these diseases cannot be prevented with a vaccine or medicine. You can reduce your risk by taking steps to prevent bug bites.

What can I do to prevent bug bites?

• Cover exposed skin by wearing long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and hats.
• Use an appropriate insect repellent (see below).
• Use permethrin-treated clothing and gear (such as boots, pants, socks, and tents). Do not use permethrin directly on skin.
• Stay and sleep in air-conditioned or screened rooms.
• Use a bed net if the area where you are sleeping is exposed to the outdoors.

What type of insect repellent should I use?

• FOR PROTECTION AGAINST TICKS AND MOSQUITOES: Use a repellent that contains 20% or more DEET for protection that lasts up to several hours.
• Picaridin (also known as KBR 3023, Bayrepel, and icaridin)
• Oil of lemon eucalyptus (OLE) or para-menthane-diol (PMD)
• 2-undecanone
• Always use insect repellent as directed.

What should I do if I am bitten by bugs?

• Avoid scratching bug bites, and apply hydrocortisone cream or calamine lotion to reduce the itching.
• Check your entire body for ticks after outdoor activity. Be sure to remove ticks properly.

What can I do to avoid bed bugs?

Although bed bugs do not carry disease, they are an annoyance. See our information page about avoiding bug bites for some easy tips to avoid them. For more information on bed bugs, see Bed Bugs .

For more detailed information on avoiding bug bites, see Avoid Bug Bites .

Stay safe outdoors

If your travel plans in Montenegro include outdoor activities, take these steps to stay safe and healthy during your trip.

• Stay alert to changing weather conditions and adjust your plans if conditions become unsafe.
• Prepare for activities by wearing the right clothes and packing protective items, such as bug spray, sunscreen, and a basic first aid kit.
• Consider learning basic first aid and CPR before travel. Bring a travel health kit with items appropriate for your activities.
• If you are outside for many hours in heat, eat salty snacks and drink water to stay hydrated and replace salt lost through sweating.
• Protect yourself from UV radiation : use sunscreen with an SPF of at least 15, wear protective clothing, and seek shade during the hottest time of day (10 a.m.–4 p.m.).
• Be especially careful during summer months and at high elevation. Because sunlight reflects off snow, sand, and water, sun exposure may be increased during activities like skiing, swimming, and sailing.
• Very cold temperatures can be dangerous. Dress in layers and cover heads, hands, and feet properly if you are visiting a cold location.

Stay safe around water

• Swim only in designated swimming areas. Obey lifeguards and warning flags on beaches.
• Practice safe boating—follow all boating safety laws, do not drink alcohol if driving a boat, and always wear a life jacket.
• Do not dive into shallow water.
• Do not swim in freshwater in developing areas or where sanitation is poor.
• Avoid swallowing water when swimming. Untreated water can carry germs that make you sick.
• To prevent infections, wear shoes on beaches where there may be animal waste.

Keep away from animals

Most animals avoid people, but they may attack if they feel threatened, are protecting their young or territory, or if they are injured or ill. Animal bites and scratches can lead to serious diseases such as rabies.

Follow these tips to protect yourself:

• Do not touch or feed any animals you do not know.
• Do not allow animals to lick open wounds, and do not get animal saliva in your eyes or mouth.
• Avoid rodents and their urine and feces.
• Traveling pets should be supervised closely and not allowed to come in contact with local animals.
• If you wake in a room with a bat, seek medical care immediately. Bat bites may be hard to see.

All animals can pose a threat, but be extra careful around dogs, bats, monkeys, sea animals such as jellyfish, and snakes. If you are bitten or scratched by an animal, immediately:

• Wash the wound with soap and clean water.
• Go to a doctor right away.
• Tell your doctor about your injury when you get back to the United States.

Consider buying medical evacuation insurance. Rabies is a deadly disease that must be treated quickly, and treatment may not be available in some countries.

Reduce your exposure to germs

Follow these tips to avoid getting sick or spreading illness to others while traveling:

• Wash your hands often, especially before eating.
• If soap and water aren’t available, clean hands with hand sanitizer (containing at least 60% alcohol).
• Don’t touch your eyes, nose, or mouth. If you need to touch your face, make sure your hands are clean.
• Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your sleeve (not your hands) when coughing or sneezing.
• Try to avoid contact with people who are sick.
• If you are sick, stay home or in your hotel room, unless you need medical care.

Avoid sharing body fluids

Diseases can be spread through body fluids, such as saliva, blood, vomit, and semen.

Protect yourself:

• Use latex condoms correctly.
• Do not inject drugs.
• Limit alcohol consumption. People take more risks when intoxicated.
• Do not share needles or any devices that can break the skin. That includes needles for tattoos, piercings, and acupuncture.
• If you receive medical or dental care, make sure the equipment is disinfected or sanitized.

Know how to get medical care while traveling

Plan for how you will get health care during your trip, should the need arise:

• Carry a list of local doctors and hospitals at your destination.
• Review your health insurance plan to determine what medical services it would cover during your trip. Consider purchasing travel health and medical evacuation insurance.
• Carry a card that identifies, in the local language, your blood type, chronic conditions or serious allergies, and the generic names of any medications you take.
• Some prescription drugs may be illegal in other countries. Call Montenegro’s embassy to verify that all of your prescription(s) are legal to bring with you.
• Bring all the medicines (including over-the-counter medicines) you think you might need during your trip, including extra in case of travel delays. Ask your doctor to help you get prescriptions filled early if you need to.

Many foreign hospitals and clinics are accredited by the Joint Commission International. A list of accredited facilities is available at their website ( www.jointcommissioninternational.org ).

In some countries, medicine (prescription and over-the-counter) may be substandard or counterfeit. Bring the medicines you will need from the United States to avoid having to buy them at your destination.

Select safe transportation

Motor vehicle crashes are the #1 killer of healthy US citizens in foreign countries.

In many places cars, buses, large trucks, rickshaws, bikes, people on foot, and even animals share the same lanes of traffic, increasing the risk for crashes.

Be smart when you are traveling on foot.

• Use sidewalks and marked crosswalks.
• Pay attention to the traffic around you, especially in crowded areas.
• Remember, people on foot do not always have the right of way in other countries.

Riding/Driving

Choose a safe vehicle.

• Choose official taxis or public transportation, such as trains and buses.
• Ride only in cars that have seatbelts.
• Avoid overcrowded, overloaded, top-heavy buses and minivans.
• Avoid riding on motorcycles or motorbikes, especially motorbike taxis. (Many crashes are caused by inexperienced motorbike drivers.)
• Choose newer vehicles—they may have more safety features, such as airbags, and be more reliable.
• Choose larger vehicles, which may provide more protection in crashes.

Think about the driver.

• Do not drive after drinking alcohol or ride with someone who has been drinking.
• Consider hiring a licensed, trained driver familiar with the area.
• Arrange payment before departing.

Follow basic safety tips.

• Wear a seatbelt at all times.
• Sit in the back seat of cars and taxis.
• When on motorbikes or bicycles, always wear a helmet. (Bring a helmet from home, if needed.)
• Avoid driving at night; street lighting in certain parts of Montenegro may be poor.
• Do not use a cell phone or text while driving (illegal in many countries).
• Travel during daylight hours only, especially in rural areas.
• If you choose to drive a vehicle in Montenegro, learn the local traffic laws and have the proper paperwork.
• Get any driving permits and insurance you may need. Get an International Driving Permit (IDP). Carry the IDP and a US-issued driver's license at all times.
• Check with your auto insurance policy's international coverage, and get more coverage if needed. Make sure you have liability insurance.
• Avoid using local, unscheduled aircraft.
• If possible, fly on larger planes (more than 30 seats); larger airplanes are more likely to have regular safety inspections.
• Try to schedule flights during daylight hours and in good weather.

Medical Evacuation Insurance

If you are seriously injured, emergency care may not be available or may not meet US standards. Trauma care centers are uncommon outside urban areas. Having medical evacuation insurance can be helpful for these reasons.

Helpful Resources

Road Safety Overseas (Information from the US Department of State): Includes tips on driving in other countries, International Driving Permits, auto insurance, and other resources.

The Association for International Road Travel has country-specific Road Travel Reports available for most countries for a minimal fee.

Maintain personal security

Use the same common sense traveling overseas that you would at home, and always stay alert and aware of your surroundings.

Before you leave

• Research your destination(s), including local laws, customs, and culture.
• Monitor travel advisories and alerts and read travel tips from the US Department of State.
• Enroll in the Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP) .
• Leave a copy of your itinerary, contact information, credit cards, and passport with someone at home.
• Pack as light as possible, and leave at home any item you could not replace.

While at your destination(s)

• Carry contact information for the nearest US embassy or consulate .
• Carry a photocopy of your passport and entry stamp; leave the actual passport securely in your hotel.
• Follow all local laws and social customs.
• Do not wear expensive clothing or jewelry.
• Always keep hotel doors locked, and store valuables in secure areas.
• If possible, choose hotel rooms between the 2nd and 6th floors.

Healthy Travel Packing List

Use the Healthy Travel Packing List for Montenegro for a list of health-related items to consider packing for your trip. Talk to your doctor about which items are most important for you.

Why does CDC recommend packing these health-related items?

It’s best to be prepared to prevent and treat common illnesses and injuries. Some supplies and medicines may be difficult to find at your destination, may have different names, or may have different ingredients than what you normally use.

If you are not feeling well after your trip, you may need to see a doctor. If you need help finding a travel medicine specialist, see Find a Clinic . Be sure to tell your doctor about your travel, including where you went and what you did on your trip. Also tell your doctor if you were bitten or scratched by an animal while traveling.

For more information on what to do if you are sick after your trip, see Getting Sick after Travel .

Map Disclaimer - The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on maps do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement are generally marked.

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• Passports, travel and living abroad
• Travel abroad
• Foreign travel advice

Before you travel check that:

• your destination can provide the healthcare you may need
• you have  appropriate travel insurance  for local treatment or unexpected medical evacuation

This is particularly important if you have a health condition or are pregnant.

Emergency medical number

Dial 124 and ask for an ambulance.

Contact your insurance or medical assistance company quickly if you’re referred to a medical facility for treatment.

Vaccine recommendations and health risks

At least 8 weeks before your trip:

• check the latest vaccine recommendations for Montenegro
• see where to get vaccines and whether you have to pay on the NHS travel vaccinations page

 See what health risks you’ll face in Montenegro , including:

• biting insects and ticks
• tick-borne encephalitis

Altitude sickness is a risk in parts of Montenegro. Read more about altitude sickness on TravelHealthPro .

The legal status and regulation of some medicines prescribed or bought in the UK can be different in other countries.

Read  best practice when travelling with medicines on TravelHealthPro .

Healthcare in Montenegro

FCDO  has a list of  medical providers in Montenegro where some staff will speak English.

Health insurance cards

Montenegro recognises the Global Health Insurance Card ( GHIC ).

You will need to take your British passport and GHIC to a local office of the Montenegrin Health Insurance Fund (in Montenegrin) to request a certificate of entitlement to medical care. You need this in advance of medical treatment, or as soon as possible after an urgent admission to hospital. If you do not have a certificate, the hospital will charge for the treatment and paid bills will not be reimbursed.

Any treatment provided is on the same terms as Montenegrin nationals. You’ll have to pay for your prescribed medicines and for other medical treatment.

The NHS’s getting healthcare abroad webpage has details about:

• how to apply for a GHIC
• how to get temporary cover if you lose your card or it does not arrive in time
• what special conditions apply in Montenegro

A GHIC is not an alternative to travel insurance. You may have costs your GHIC does not cover.

There is also guidance on healthcare if you’re living in Montenegro .

Travel and mental health

Read  FCDO  guidance on travel and mental health . There is also  mental health guidance on TravelHealthPro.

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Luxury Wellness Holidays & Retreats in Montenegro

Welcome to Montenegro, where wellness is seamlessly integrated into its breathtaking landscapes, rich history, and warm hospitality, offering a unique destination for health and wellness tourism. From the rugged peaks of the Durmitor National Park to the tranquil shores of the Adriatic Sea, Montenegro provides an idyllic setting for rejuvenation and relaxation.

With a history steeped in ancient traditions and diverse cultural influences, Montenegro has long been celebrated for its healing properties and spiritual significance. Visitors can explore historic sites like Ostrog Monastery and ancient ruins, which have served as sanctuaries for spiritual reflection and well-being.

Montenegro’s wellness offerings extend to its luxurious spa resorts and wellness retreats, where visitors can indulge in therapeutic treatments inspired by local traditions. From invigorating massages to holistic therapies, these experiences are designed to promote holistic well-being and inner harmony amidst the country’s natural beauty.

Whether hiking through pristine landscapes, relaxing on sun-kissed beaches, or indulging in rejuvenating wellness treatments, Montenegro invites visitors to embark on a journey of holistic well-being amidst its timeless charm and scenic splendour.

Whether exploring historic sites, unwinding by the sea, or indulging in rejuvenating wellness treatments, Malta invites visitors to embark on a journey of holistic well-being amidst its timeless landscapes and warm hospitality.

LUXE WELLNESS HOTELS IN Montenegro

Get the latest in wellness holidays and exclusive offers - Subscribe to our Newsletter

Explore the transformative power of wellness travel. Discover how it can enhance your mental, physical, and emotional well-being while providing opportunities for self-discovery and personal growth. Join us on a journey to understand why travelling for wellness experiences is the key to a more balanced and fulfilling life.

Contact Information

• WhatsApp: +61 420 948828
• Mail: [email protected]
• Address: PO Box 703 Miami QLD 4220 Australia

Our Policies

An affiliate of frontier travel.

This business is independently owned and operated by Brav Health Pty. Ltd (ABN 71 648 828 817) trading as Pure Health Travel.  Pure Health Travel is an affiliate member of leading Australian travel company, Frontier Travel. Frontier Travel is an AFTA member, ATAS accredited and a member of Virtuoso.

Conditions for entering Montenegro

Before you come, find out about the conditions for entering Montenegro, and other useful travel suggestions.

Do you need a visa to enter Montenegro?

When it comes to visas, the same conditions do not apply to everyone. See basic information on visa requirements by country.

Border crossings

Depending on which way you come to Montenegro, you will find yourself at one of the following border crossings:

• Air traffic: Podgorica Airport (TGD) and Tivat Airport (TIV) - www.montenegroairports.com  
• Road traffic: with Serbia (Ranche, Čemerno, Dobrakovo, Dračenovac, Vuča), with Kosovo (Kula), with Albania (Božaj, Sukobin, Grnčar, Cijevna Zarijebačka), with BiH (Sitnica, Ilino Brdo, Vračenovići, Krstac, Nudo, Šćepan Polje, Metaljka, Šula), with Croatia (Debeli brijeg, Kobila)
• Railway traffic: railway stations Bijelo Polje and Tuzi
• Maritime traffic - ports: Bar, Zelenika, Kotor, Tivat - Porto Montenegro, Kumbor Portonovi, Budva (seasonal 1.05.-30.10.),

Find travel options in one place.

Crossing the border outside the border crossings

If you are planning a hiking tour that includes crossing the border outside the border crossings (for example: on Prokletije, Hajla, Ljubišnja, Kamena Gora, Maglić, Orjen…), you need to follow the legal procedure.

You will need to send the request for crossing the border crossing to the relevant institution, ie the border police of the country you are leaving. The border police of the country of exit will take all necessary measures to ensure your smooth crossing.

LEGAL PROCEDURE   Request Contacts

Transporting pets

In accordance with the Ordinance on the conditions for non-commercial transportation of pets, pets such as dogs and cats can be transported non-commercially (up to 5 pets, not younger than 3 months) if:

• they are identified in the prescribed manner
• they are accompanied by a passport
• they have been vaccinated against rabies
• they are older than 12 weeks on the day of vaccination
• 21 days have elapsed since the day of the first rabies vaccination 
• the rabies antibody titration test was performed 30 days after the date of vaccination and at least three months before the date of non-commercial movement (for non-EU countries)
• they were treated against Echinococcus multilocularis in the prescribed manner upon entry or exit from Montenegro 
• they are accompanied by a veterinary health certificate.

The entry of pets is approved if they are accompanied by a veterinary passport and the appropriate veterinary certificate for non-commercial movement of pets, issued by a licensed veterinarian of the exporting country.

Registration of residence

During your stay in Montenegro, you are obliged to register and deregister your stay.

If you are staying in a hotel, private accommodation, or any other facility, the host is obliged to register your stay within 12 hours of your arrival and check out of your stay.

If you are a foreigner and you are staying in Montenegro for tourism purposes, and you do not use the registration services of the accommodation provider, you can report your stay to the local tourist organization or police in the place where you are staying, or through the competent local government within 24 hours.

If you are staying in several municipalities in Montenegro, you are obliged to register your stay in each municipality where you stay for more than 24 hours. Any application to stay is subject to control and examination.

Facts about Montenegro

How far is Montenegro from the country where you live? Take a look at the basic facts about it, which will be useful to you when you go on a trip.

How can you journey to us?

Everything is possible here. You can even be on top of a mountain in the morning, in a lake boat at none, and on the seashore at sunset.

How will you pack?

What kind of clothes and shoes you pack in your suitcase depends on when you come to Montenegro and the regions you visit.

Looking for ideas for your trip?

See how others experienced their time in Montenegro. We would love hearing from you - share your Montenegro moments with following hashtag: #MontenegroWildBeauty #GoMontenegro

Discover unique Montenegro

So small you could drive across it in an afternoon. Don’t just skim through it but try to truly absorb it’s essence.

Explore destination year-round

Although small country it is incredibly diverse. See how much it can offer you:

Travel responsibly

Did you know? In 1991, the Montenegrin authorities adopted a declaration by which the country became the first ecological state in the world .

Keys for Understanding Montenegro

Eat like a local, meet cultural heritage (unesco), try organic adventure, privacy settings.

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Montenegro Travel Advisory

Travel advisory july 26, 2023, montenegro - level 1: exercise normal precautions.

Reissued with obsolete COVID-19 page links removed.

Exercise normal precautions in Montenegro.

Read the country information page for additional information on travel to Montenegro.

If you decide to travel to Montenegro:  

• Enroll in the  Smart Traveler Enrollment Program  ( STEP ) to receive Alerts and make it easier to locate you in an emergency.
• Follow the Department of State on  Facebook  and  Twitter .
• Review the  Country Security Report  for Montenegro.
• Visit the CDC page for the latest Travel Health Information related to your travel.
• Prepare a contingency plan for emergency situations. Review the  Traveler’s Checklist .

Travel Advisory Levels

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Medical Tourism

Unearthing montenegro's leading phrenic nerve surgeons.

In recent years, Montenegro has been gaining recognition as a prime destination for medical tourism. Among the various medical specialties it excels in, phrenic nerve surgery stands out as one of the most sought-after procedures. The country boasts a pool of highly skilled surgeons and advanced healthcare facilities that cater to both local and international patients. In this article, we will delve into the world of phrenic nerve surgery, exploring the procedure, what to look for in a top hospital or doctor, potential risks and outcomes, and the crucial role of patient experience in choosing the right provider.

Understanding Phrenic Nerve Surgery

Phrenic nerve surgery is a complex procedure that addresses issues related to the phrenic nerve—a crucial nerve responsible for controlling the diaphragm's movement, allowing us to breathe. Patients who experience phrenic nerve dysfunction may suffer from breathing difficulties, reduced lung function, and overall reduced quality of life.

The surgery aims to restore normal function to the phrenic nerve and diaphragm, typically involving the identification and repair of any damaged or impaired nerves. Techniques can vary, and surgical interventions might range from minimally invasive approaches to more complex open procedures.

Choosing the Right Hospital and Doctor

Selecting the best hospital and doctor for phrenic nerve surgery is paramount to ensure a successful outcome. Several essential factors should be considered when making this critical decision:

1. Expertise and Experience: Look for a hospital that has a proven track record in performing phrenic nerve surgery. Ideally, the facility should have a team of skilled surgeons with substantial experience in handling similar cases.

2. Board Certification: Ensure that the surgeon you choose is board-certified and holds relevant certifications and credentials. Board certification indicates that the doctor has undergone rigorous training and meets high standards of competency in the field.

3. Specialization: Opt for a hospital with a specialized department dedicated to thoracic or nerve surgeries. Specialization demonstrates a focus on specific medical areas, which can lead to better patient outcomes.

4. Technology and Infrastructure: State-of-the-art facilities equipped with cutting-edge technology play a significant role in the success of any medical procedure. Ensure that the hospital has modern infrastructure and advanced equipment necessary for phrenic nerve surgery.

5. Reputation and Reviews: Research the hospital's reputation and read patient reviews, if available. Positive feedback from previous patients can instill confidence in your choice.

Potential Risks and Outcomes

Phrenic nerve surgery, like any surgical procedure, comes with potential risks and complications. Although it is generally considered safe, patients should be aware of possible adverse effects, such as infection, bleeding, nerve damage, or anesthesia-related complications. It is essential to discuss these risks thoroughly with your chosen surgeon and weigh them against the potential benefits of the surgery.

Regarding outcomes, successful phrenic nerve surgery can lead to improved breathing function, increased lung capacity, and enhanced overall quality of life. However, individual results may vary depending on the severity of the condition and the patient's overall health.

The Importance of Patient Experience

Beyond clinical excellence, patient experience plays a crucial role in determining the best hospital and doctor for phrenic nerve surgery. The journey of a medical tourist is often unique, involving various logistical and emotional aspects. A hospital that prioritizes patient experience offers comprehensive support, from pre-operative consultation to post-operative care, ensuring a smooth and positive experience for the patient.

As you explore the option of phrenic nerve surgery in Montenegro or any other destination, we highly recommend considering The Institute for Advanced Reconstruction. They are a top provider for this specific treatment, and their commitment to patient care and medical excellence is unparalleled. The Institute for Advanced Reconstruction can be found at https://www.advancedreconstruction.com/ .

If you are considering phrenic nerve surgery in Montenegro, we highly recommend The Institute for Advanced Reconstruction as the top provider for this specific treatment. Their commitment to clinical excellence, patient experience, and specialized surgical expertise sets them apart. Moreover, Dr. Matthew Kaufman, MD, FACS, a leading surgeon in the field, is associated with the Institute. For more information about Dr. Kaufman and the Institute's services, please visit this link: https://www.advancedreconstruction.com/find-care/surgeons/matthew-kaufman-md-facs-physician

Montenegro offers a promising destination for phrenic nerve surgery, with its skilled surgeons, advanced healthcare facilities, and commitment to patient care. By considering the crucial factors discussed in this article, you can confidently embark on your journey to unearth Montenegro's leading phrenic nerve surgeons and receive the best possible care for your medical needs.

Unveiling the Power of Social Media Marketing in Medical Tourism

Korea: turning the focus to an emerging global leader in medical tourism, exploring the surge of cosmetic tourism: trends and considerations in aesthetic procedures abroad, holistic healing: exploring integrative medicine and wellness retreats, meeting the surge: the growing demand for knee replacement surgeries and advances in the field, bridging culture and care: insights from dr. heitham hassoun, chief executive of cedars-sinai international, mastercard and the medical tourism association join forces to revolutionize cross-border healthcare payments, in pursuit of excellence: ceo spotlight with ms. artirat charukitpipat, stem cells show promise for hair thickening, stem cell injection for back and neck pain, continue reading, south korea, a medical tourism leader pioneering the future of medicine  , best countries for stomach cancer treatment: a global perspective, ponderas academic hospital: elevating medical tourism with jci accreditation and personalized care, featured reading, medical tourism magazine.

The Medical Tourism Magazine (MTM), known as the “voice” of the medical tourism industry, provides members and key industry experts with the opportunity to share important developments, initiatives, themes, topics and trends that make the medical tourism industry the booming market it is today.

If you want to get health service from Turkey as a tourist, you are at the right places.

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Health Tourism Montenegro is a startup that will serve as a full-service medical tourism. It will focus on helping patients receive cosmetic and non-elective surgery through relationships with world-class medical facilities in Turkey. We will offer standard and professional medical related travel services to all to our clients.

We will ensure that we work hard to meet and surpass our clients’ expectations whenever they hire our services. Health Tourism Montenegro is a client-focused and result driven company that provides excellent treatments and broad-based experience at an affordable prices.

At the company our client’s best interest would always come first, and everything we do will be guided by our values and professional ethics. The company will at all times demonstrate commitment to sustainability, both individually and as a firm, by actively participating in our communities and integrating sustainable business practices wherever possible.

We will ensure that we hold ourselves accountable to the highest standards by meeting our client’s needs completely. We work to meet the needs of each patient and their companions, if any, throughout the treatment process. With meticulous planning, we aim to simplify their treatment as much as possible.

We care about patient rights and strive to ensure that patients’ treatments go smoothly. We believe that quality and affordable healthcare should be accessible to everyone. Everyone should have a chance to have the best healthcare, wherever they are. We want our patients to have a wonderful experience when they come to Turkey for their treatment.

We promise a safe and trouble-free journey that will make you feel comfortable and happy. We manage every aspect of the patient’s experience, from the moment of first contact to the patient’s recovery.

We are working to implement the highest quality standards in our services. In each of our services, we measure different quality points. In order to provide superior service, we do not compromise our working principle system. We always carry our quality standards to help you maintain a healthy life and increase your quality of life.

Our services will be most comprehensive in its industry and will differentiate with premium one-stop-shopping.

Mission and Vision Statement

Our vision is to provide the highest quality of products and services to medical tourism industry and will become the number one choice for both individual and corporate clients. We provide specific industrial knowledge, well-trained human resources, leadership, software tools and quality practices governed by international standards.

Our solutions exemplify dedication and teamwork by consistently exceeding our customer expectations. We are leaders as we depend on the experience of highly trained professionals and our commitment to the standard of excellence. Our vision reflects our values: integrity, service, excellence and teamwork.

Our mission is to provide professional and trusted medical tourism services that will assist individuals and corporate organizations in organizing all of their medical related travels.

Our values:

• Desire to become pioneer player in the industry.
• Empowerment of our employees and our clients to achieve long-lasting health.
• Respect of and appreciation for the diversity of our clients and employees.
• Mental, emotional, spiritual and physical reinforcement is an integrated part in our medical vision of health.
• Responsibility and reliability are cornerstones for the good will of our clients.
• Rational organization that is our spinal cord.
• Continuous learning and innovation are the main drivers behind continual improvement.

Our Working System;

Patients can contact our team via web site, or patient relations experts via mobile phone or mail.

In the treatment planning process, if our patients would like to come within the operational planning process, we will be glad to plan the treatment process together with them.

For the patients who can not be included in the planning process, after all the medical information and the results of the examination have been achieved, we offer the most appropriate and most specific treatment plan prepared by the specialists in the field.

In case there are multiple options for the treatment, we contact with the patient and help him/her to choose the most appropriate method together with our expert team.

PROVIDING INFORMATION

Patients have the opportunity to quickly access the medical evaluations of physicians who are the best in their fields. The patient's condition is evaluated within 24 hours and the patient is informed accordingly.

Patients can make comparisons by accessing all the information about all the centers where they can be treated. They can make comparisons with information about all the medical technologies to be used in treatment.

Patients can access all the alternative price options, thus can make comparison and choose the optimal option for their budget.

TRAVEL and ACCOMMODATION

Depending on the wishes of the patients, plane tickets will be provided by our team. If it is not convenient for the patient to use public airplane, patient will be taken via ambulance aircraft.

If patient needs hotel accommodation before or after the treatment process, our team will make the necessary arrangements. We have contracts with hotels that are close to the hospitals all over Turkey. Our patients can choose their accommodation according to their budget and preferences from the alternatives.

After the arrival to Turkey patients will be greeted by us at the airport and taken to their hotel or hospital. Patients will be provided with a telephone line if needed during the treatment process.

TREATMENT PROCESS

The treatments are made in JCI certified, high-tech hospitals where the best doctors work. On the day of treatment, the airport or hotel transfer is made by the team.

Since our staff is composed of those who can speak the native language of the patient, our patients do not have communication problems. Our team is placed next to the patients for 7/24. Each stage of treatment is followed by the doctors of the hospitals which are contracted.

PROCESS AFTER DISCHARGE

In the day of our patients discharge, we will make the necessary arrangements . Patients will be informed about post discharge checkups and post operation care before they leave the hospital. Transfer of the patient to the airport will be free of charge.

CULTURAL AND TOURISTIC PACKAGE

If desired by the patient and companions, we can organize optional extra touristic trips. Trip details and charging will be prepared for our patients' budget and requested before it is presented for approval.

PROCESS AFTER LEAVING TURKEY

Patients can contact anytime with the team about post treatment care, questions and opinions after they are back in their countries.

24 Hours Service

We provide 24/7 friendly, reliable, professional and superior quality service support with our experienced and expert team to ensure the comfort and needs of our patients

Consultancy

We produce special solutions for your all healthcare consulting needs with the best hospitals in Turkey, which have JCI accreditation and use FDA approved devices, equipped with modern facilities, advanced technology and qualified highly educated and internationally respected specialist doctors.

International Standards

By planning the treatment comprehensively for you, we provide services in accordance with International Standards so that the treatments and applications are trouble-free and give the best results.

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Montenegro as a high-quality health tourism destination: Trends and Perspectives

2019, African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure

The main objective of the paper is to provide a theoretical and practical framework in order to identify the key advantages and disadvantages of Montenegro as a health tourism destination. The main method that was used was a SWOT analysis, as well as a survey based on an original and thus self designed questionnaire intended for this purpose. The results of the research have shown some key advantages and disadvantages of Montenegrin health-tourism. Although Montenegro as a country, has a great potential regarding the health tourism sector, it is a fact that this potential is not adequately valorized. In that sense, a strategy of development of the health tourism sector should be created. Strategy should contain a specific vision, mission, strategic goals, as well as measures that should be carried out and activities that should be realized in order to make Montenegro attractive and high-quality health tourism destination.

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Tourism destination competitiveness (TDC) has become an important research topic and has received considerable attention from many researchers. However, according to the authors, no study has yet been conducted to measure the perception of the supply-side stakeholders concerning the TDC of Bangladesh. The purpose of this study is to measure the perceived destination competitiveness by identifying the attributes appropriate to Bangladesh. The defined attributes were empirically inspected by importance-performance analysis (IPA) tool through primary data from 303 practitioners. A stratified sampling method was used in this regard. The IPA findings reveal there are only a few attributes like physiography and climate, hospitality, geographic location, and cuisine in which Bangladesh tourism is performing well against its major perceived competitive destinations like India, Malaysia, Nepal, and Thailand. However, having important destination attributes mainly from nature, destination Bangladesh is still behind its perceived competitors. This research creates the value of accepting a destination's competitiveness attributes that advances destination theory. The findings offer significant implications for Bangladeshi policymakers for developing a strategic marketing plan and identifying priorities for resource allocation in tourism. The study concludes with mentioning few limitations while highlighting areas for further research aimed at developing a tourism destination competitiveness (TDC) model for destination Bangladesh.

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Beyond the ecological perspective of this study, the participatory tourism planning project to spread the economic benefits in term of community-based ecotourism development in the northern border periphery of Al-Adaseya, Jordan is discussed. In such a context of peripheral developmental border areas, where wars and immigration shapes new geopolitical situations, developmental ecotourism projects can be a key to establish small scale business, and thus improve the lives of both locals and those across-borders. Such projects also, provide unique ecological systems for tourists, and maximise the cultural value among people. The study examines the potentials and limitations of tourism for domestic and cross border mergers in Al-Adaseya, and develops suggestions for the promoting of small scale tourism in such rural areas, with regard to the various cross cultural aspect of locals. The study was mainly descriptive and adopted a methodology based exclusively on-site visit observations, c...

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United States Government’s Response to the Clade I Mpox Outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Other Countries in the Region

This week, the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) declared the mpox clade I outbreak a Public Health Emergency of Continental Security, and the World Health Organization (WHO) declared this outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. The United States government supports those declarations. The United States will continue to work closely with African governments, Africa CDC and WHO to ensure an effective response to the current outbreak and to protect the health and lives of people of the region.

In 2022, the world experienced a global outbreak of clade II mpox, which led to more than 95,000 cases across 115 non-endemic countries. Clade I mpox tends to cause a higher number of severe infections and have a higher mortality rate than clade II mpox. The evidence for clade I mpox clinical outcomes is based primarily on data from endemic countries, particularly DRC. We expect it would cause lower morbidity and mortality in the United States than in the DRC.

DRC is currently experiencing the largest number of annual suspect cases ever recorded and the disease has now been identified in several neighboring countries where mpox (clade I or clade II) has not been found in the past.

U.S. Government Partnership on the Mpox Response

The United States Government has been closely monitoring the spread of clade I mpox in the DRC and neighboring countries since 2023, and we have been working closely with the Government of DRC, as well as regional and global health partners to reduce the impact of this outbreak and safeguard public health. U.S. government support for the mpox response also builds on our robust, longstanding health partnerships with DRC and throughout Africa, which have helped combat infectious diseases such as HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria for over 20 years. In fiscal year 2023, the United States allocated more than $2.65 billion in bilateral health funding in Central and Eastern Africa. This response also builds on a longstanding partnership on global health security between DRC and the United States.

In addition to ongoing health support, in the last few months the United States has provided an additional $17 million USD to support clade I mpox preparedness and response efforts in Central and Eastern Africa. The funding has enabled stronger surveillance, risk communication, and community engagement, as well as needed laboratory supplies and diagnostics, clinical services, and vaccine planning.

Vaccination will be a critical element of the response to this outbreak. To support this effort, the United States is donating 50,000 doses of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved JYNNEOS vaccine to DRC. The United States is working with other countries, WHO, and international partners to encourage donations that support vaccine efforts and address challenges to vaccine delivery.

Mpox Preparedness for the United States

The risk to the general public in the United States from clade I mpox circulating in the DRC is very low, and there are no known cases in the United States at this time. Due to efforts over the last nine months, the United States is well prepared to rapidly detect, contain, and manage clade I cases should they be identified domestically. The United States has a robust surveillance system in place, including through clinical testing and wastewater analysis. We continue to encourage those at high risk to get vaccinated with the JYNNEOS mpox vaccine, which has been demonstrated to be safe and highly effective at preventing severe disease from mpox. Those who have already had clade II mpox or are fully vaccinated against mpox are expected to be protected against severe illness from clade I mpox.

CDC has issued an updated Health Alert Network advisory urging clinicians to consider clade I mpox in people who have been in DRC or neighboring countries in the previous 21 days; clinicians are also asked to submit specimens for clade-specific testing for these patients if they have symptoms consistent with mpox. Given the geographic spread of clade I mpox, the U.S. CDC issued an updated Travel Health Notice on Aug. 7, 2024, recommending travelers to DRC and neighboring countries practice enhanced precautions.

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Introduction to Montenegro and Health Tourism

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Montenegro, a small country located in Southeast Europe, is renowned for its stunning natural beauty, rich history, and vibrant culture. In recent years, it has also emerged as a popular destination for health tourism, attracting visitors seeking relaxation, rejuvenation, and wellness experiences.

Here are some key points about health tourism in Montenegro:

• Natural Remedies and Climate: Montenegro boasts a diverse range of natural resources, including mineral-rich thermal waters, healing mud, and fresh mountain air. These resources have been utilized for centuries in traditional treatments and therapies, making the country an ideal destination for health-conscious travelers.
• Spa and Wellness Centers: Montenegro offers a growing number of world-class spa and wellness centers, providing a wide range of treatments and services. From luxurious resorts to boutique retreats, visitors can indulge in various therapies such as massages, facials, aromatherapy, and hydrotherapy, all designed to promote relaxation and well-being.
• Wellness and Lifestyle Programs: Many wellness centers in Montenegro offer comprehensive programs that focus on holistic health. These programs often include personalized fitness regimes, nutritional counseling, mindfulness practices, and alternative therapies like yoga and meditation. Visitors can embark on wellness journeys tailored to their specific needs, aiming to improve both physical and mental well-being.
• Traditional and Modern Approaches: Montenegro's health tourism scene blends traditional healing practices with modern techniques. Visitors can experience ancient therapies like Ayurveda, traditional Chinese medicine, and balneotherapy, alongside cutting-edge treatments utilizing the latest advancements in medical science and technology.

Wellness and Different Spa Culture Development

Montenegro's wellness and spa culture has witnessed significant development, catering to diverse preferences and interests. Here are some notable aspects:

• Thermal Spa Resorts: Montenegro is home to several thermal spa resorts, which utilize the healing properties of mineral-rich thermal waters. These resorts offer a range of therapeutic treatments, including mineral baths, mud wraps, and underwater massages. Visitors can unwind and revitalize amidst breathtaking natural surroundings.
• Seaside Wellness Retreats: With its stunning Adriatic coastline, Montenegro has also developed wellness retreats that combine the benefits of sea air, sunlight, and coastal landscapes. These retreats often include spa facilities, beachside yoga classes, outdoor activities, and healthy cuisine, providing a holistic approach to well-being.
• Mountain Retreats and Eco-Spas: Montenegro's mountainous terrain offers an opportunity for unique wellness experiences. Mountain retreats and eco-spas provide a tranquil environment for relaxation and introspection. Visitors can enjoy activities such as hiking, meditation in serene natural settings, and treatments inspired by local herbs and botanicals.
• Cultural Immersion and Wellness: Montenegro's rich cultural heritage is often incorporated into wellness experiences. Visitors can engage in traditional ceremonies, learn about local healing practices, and explore the therapeutic benefits of indigenous herbs and remedies. This integration of culture and wellness offers a deeper understanding of Montenegro's holistic approach to health.

Here is a list of some countries whose citizens are typically allowed to enter Montenegro without a visa:

European Union (EU) and Schengen Area countries:

Citizens of EU and Schengen Area countries are generally allowed to enter Montenegro without a visa. This includes countries like Germany , France , Italy , Spain , and many more.

United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand:

Citizens of these countries typically do not require a visa for short visits to Montenegro. This includes United States , Canada , Australia , and New Zealand .

United Kingdom:

Despite leaving the EU, citizens of the United Kingdom are still allowed visa-free entry to Montenegro for tourism or business purposes.

Russia, Ukraine, and other Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries:

Citizens of certain CIS countries, including Russia and Ukraine , may enter Montenegro without a visa for a specified period.

Balkan countries:

Citizens of neighboring Balkan countries such as Serbia , Croatia , Bosnia and Herzegovina , North Macedonia , and Albania usually do not need a visa to enter Montenegro.

Some South American countries:

Citizens of certain South American countries like Argentina , Brazil , and Chile may also be allowed visa-free entry into Montenegro.

Please note that the duration of stay allowed without a visa may vary depending on the country. It is essential to verify the visa requirements for your specific nationality and purpose of travel before making any arrangements.

Watch CBS News

Mpox outbreaks in Africa are a global health emergency, WHO declares

Updated on: August 15, 2024 / 2:04 PM EDT / CBS/AP

The mpox outbreaks in Africa are a global emergency , with cases confirmed among children and adults in more than a dozen countries, the World Health Organization declared Wednesday.

The declaration comes after the Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention announced earlier this week that the outbreaks of mpox ( formerly known as monkeypox ) were a public health emergency , with more than 500 deaths, and called for international help to stop the virus' spread.

"This is something that should concern us all. ... The potential for further spread within Africa and beyond is very worrying," said WHO director-general Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus. A global emergency is WHO's highest level of alert but the designation does not necessarily mean a disease is particularly transmissible or lethal.

With a new form of the virus spreading and few vaccine doses available on the continent, the Africa CDC warned the virus might spill across international borders.

"We are now in a situation where (mpox) poses a risk to many more neighbors in and around central Africa," said Salim Abdool Karim, a South African infectious diseases expert who chairs the Africa CDC emergency group. He said the new version of mpox spreading from Congo appears to have a death rate of about 3-4%.

Mpox has been detected in 13 countries this year with more than 96% of all cases and deaths are in Congo, the Africa CDC previously said.

Cases are up 160% and deaths are up 19% compared with the same period last year. So far, there have been more than 14,000 cases and 524 people have died.

Officials at the Africa CDC said nearly 70% of cases in Congo are in children younger than 15, who also accounted for 85% of deaths.

Where has the mpox outbreak spread?

Sweden reported its first case of the more infectious form of the virus on Thursday, just a day after the WHO declaration.

The patient recently sought health care in Stockholm, the Swedish public health agency said  in a statement .

"In this case a person has been infected during a stay in the part of Africa where there is a major outbreak of (the more infectious mpox)," the agency said.

The person had been treated and given "rules of conduct," said Magnus Gisslen, a state epidemiologist with the Swedish health agency.

"The fact that a patient with mpox is treated in the country does not affect the risk to the general population," officials said, adding that experts estimate that risk to be "very low," though occasional imported cases may continue to occur.

What is mpox?

Mpox, which was previously known as monkeypox , is in the same family of viruses that includes variola virus, which causes smallpox; vaccinia virus, used in the smallpox vaccine; and cowpox virus,  according to  the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. It was discovered in a colony of monkeys in 1958 and its first human case was recorded in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of Congo, but has been reported in humans in other countries.

In 2022, the WHO  declared mpox a global emergency after it spread to more than 70 countries, mostly affecting gay and bisexual men. In that outbreak, fewer than 1% of people died.

The current outbreak is a different strain than in 2022, Dr. Céline Gounder, a CBS News medical contributor and editor-at-large for public health at KFF Health News, explained on CBS "Mornings" Thursday .

"The strain is more mortal, so in other words, causes more percentage of deaths. It's also more transmissible. It spreads more easily from person to person," she said. 

New form of mpox symptoms

Earlier this year, scientists reported the emergence of a new form of mpox, which can kill up to 10% of people infected, in a Congolese mining town that they feared might spread more easily.  Mpox mostly spreads via close contact with infected people, including through sex. 

Unlike in previous mpox outbreaks , where lesions were mostly seen on the chest, hands and feet, the new form causes milder symptoms and lesions on the genitals. That makes it harder to spot, meaning people might also sicken others without knowing they're infected.

"That last outbreak that we saw about two years ago was primarily being spread among men who have sex with men, bisexual men, transgender people. What we're seeing this time is some 85% of the cases are among kids, and so it's the poor hygiene that you see among little kids playing with each other, skin-to-skin contact — that's how we're seeing this being transmitted now," Gounder said. 

She added that the current risk for infection in the United States is "very low."

"We have yet to see any cases here, so I don't think you should get too alarmed. If you see a child who looks like they have the chickenpox, it probably is the chickenpox. But that's what the mpox rash looks like," Gounder said. "The disease is more severe in that you have worse flu-like symptoms. You might also have swollen lymph nodes, but the rash is quite similar to the chickenpox."

Can we stop the spread of mpox?

Western countries during the 2022 outbreak mostly shut down the spread of mpox with the help of vaccines and treatments, but very few of those have been available in Africa.

Michael Marks, a professor of medicine at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, said that in the absence of mpox vaccines licensed in the West, officials could consider inoculating people against smallpox, a related disease. 

"We need a large supply of vaccine so that we can vaccinate populations most at risk," he said, adding that would mean sex workers, children and adults living in outbreak regions.

Gounder said watching for symptoms, testing, and doing surveillance to spot the spread early can help curb the disease. 

"A lot of what we've been doing as the United States has been supporting the Democratic Republic of Congo, which is where the majority of these cases we've been supporting them to do that surveillance, to do that diagnostic testing, so you can isolate and prevent further spread, further transmission," she said. 

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WHO declares 2024 mpox surge a 'public health emergency of international concern'

Gabrielle Emanuel

The World Health Organization has declared mpox a public health emergency of international concern. Cases of mpox — previously called monkeypox — have been surging in the Democratic Republic of Congo. In recent weeks, cases have appeared in nearby African countries, including several that have never reported mpox cases before.

"What we're seeing is tip of the iceberg" because of weaknesses in the surveillance system, says Dr. Dimie Ogoina , the chair of the emergency committee convened by WHO and an infectious disease physician at Niger Delta University in Nigeria.

"This is something that should concern us all," says WHO's director-general, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus.

WHO has declared seven public health emergencies in the past, including one for mpox in 2022. The type of mpox that is circulating now is known to be more deadly than the type that swept the globe two years ago.

"We need to be ... aggressive"

On Tuesday, the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention took a similar step, declaring mpox an emergency.

Africa CDC has never done anything like this before.

"We can no longer be reactive — we need to be proactive and aggressive,” says Dr. Jean Kaseya , director-general of Africa CDC. "This is a fight for all Africans and we will fight it together."

In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), children make up the majority of the 14,000 reported cases and 511 deaths so far in 2024. Those numbers roughly match the number of cases reported in all of last year in the country — and they dwarf the mpox numbers reported in 2022.

"[The declaration] is a wake-up call for the world that urgent action is needed,” said Dr. Nicole Lurie , executive director of emergency preparedness and response at the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, headquartered in Norway, in a statement.

Dr. Boghuma Titanji , assistant professor of medicine at Emory University, said in a statement that the declaration is "a crucial step toward enhancing coordination among African countries to address the ongoing mpox outbreak."

Why Africa is so worried

In the last couple of weeks, there has been a new and alarming development. Mpox has been detected in countries that have never previously identified cases. About 50 confirmed cases and more suspected cases have been reported in Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda and Uganda, according to World Health Organization officials.

It is with past health emergencies in mind that Africa CDC is trying to move quickly and garner international support.   "We were abandoned during COVID time, and today we don't want to be again abandoned. We don't want to be dependent. We are taking appropriate action,"   says Kaseya, noting that declaring a public health emergency is a new power that the African Union gave to the agency in 2023. Kaseya says that the agency sought input from more than 600 experts and that the scientific committee that was convened to consider the mpox situation unanimously recommended the emergency declaration.

Kaseya says it's particularly concerning that about 70% of cases in the DRC are in children under 18. "This one is a major alarm for the world," he says. "We are losing the youth in Africa."

Experts say the higher number of cases and deaths among children is likely because they don't have protection from the smallpox vaccine — which was discontinued after that related virus was eliminated in 1980 — and because about 40% of children in the region are malnourished, making it harder for their bodies to fight off the virus.

The U.S. response

There's concern about mpox in the U.S. as well. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued an mpox alert last week. While the risk to the general population in the U.S. remains low, Christina Hutson, senior science adviser at the U.S. CDC, says it's important for clinicians, health departments and travelers to be aware of the virus's spread in Africa and be vigilant about symptoms.

In addition, last week the U.S. pledged nearly $424 million to help with what the U.S. Agency for International Development calls an " ongoing catastrophe " in the DRC, plus $10 million to respond to mpox and 50,000 mpox vaccine doses.

While Japan, the U.S., the European Union and vaccine manufacturers are working on vaccine donations, Africa CDC says the need far outstrips what's in the pipeline.

"We need to have vaccines. Today, we are just talking about almost 200,000 doses [becoming] available. We need at least 10 million doses," says Kaseya. "The vaccine is so expensive — we can put it around $100 per dose. There are not so many countries in Africa that can afford the cost of this vaccine."

The type of mpox spreading in the DRC's east — particularly among sex workers and other adults — and into some of the neighboring countries is a subtype called clade Ib. (Clade is the term used for mpox variants.) This is a new type of mpox that has kept scientists on their toes, discovering new information that is both good and bad.

It's harder for diagnostic tests to pick it up because of a genetic change in the virus, says Hutson of the U.S. CDC. It's also the first time clade Ib has been spread through sexual transmission. However, it also seems less fatal than the original clade I circulating elsewhere in the DRC. The number of people who have died has dropped below 1%. At least that, she says, is a glimmer of good news.

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Travel Vaccines and Advice for Montenegro

Montenegro is a sovereign state located in Southeastern Europe. Tourism in Montenegro underwent a sharp decline in the 1990’s due to the Yugoslavic civil war. But, it has slowly began to recover.

The country is a historical goldmine. Visitors can explore Roman villas, Orthodox monasteries, Catholic churches, or even mosques. All of these are beautifully decorated and detailed. There are also huge fortresses built and used by the various powers that once vied for control of the state.

If you’re unsure of what to do, feel free to ask the locals. While visiting the country you are sure to receive a warm welcome from all.

On This Page: Do I Need Vaccines for Montenegro? Do I Need a Passport or Visa for Montenegro? What is the Climate Like in Montenegro? How Safe is Montenegro? Kayaking and Snorkeling in Kotor What Should I Take to Montenegro? Canadian Embassy to Montenegro

Do I Need Vaccines for Montenegro?

Yes, some vaccines are recommended or required for Montenegro. The PHAC and WHO recommend the following vaccinations for Montenegro: COVID-19 , hepatitis A , hepatitis B , rabies , meningitis , polio , measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) , Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis) , chickenpox , shingles , pneumonia and influenza .

See the bullets below to learn more about some of these key immunizations:

• COVID-19 – Airborne – Recommended for all travellers
• Hepatitis A – Food & Water – Recommended for most travellers
• Hepatitis B – Blood & Body Fluids – Accelerated schedule available
• Rabies – Saliva of Infected Animals – Vaccine recommended for certain travellers based on destination, activities and length of stay.
• Measles Mumps Rubella (MMR) – Various Vectors – Given to anyone unvaccinated and/or born after 1957. One time adult booster recommended.
• TDAP (Tetanus, Diphtheria & Pertussis) – Wounds & Airborne – Only one adult booster of pertussis required.
• Chickenpox – Direct Contact & Airborne – Given to those unvaccinated that did not have chickenpox.
• Shingles – Direct Contact – Vaccine can still be given if you have had shingles.
• Pneumonia – Airborne – Two vaccines given separately. All 65+ or immunocompromised should receive both.
• Influenza – Airborne – Vaccine components change annually.
• Meningitis – Airborne & Direct Contact – Given to anyone unvaccinated or at an increased risk, especially students.
• Polio – Food & Water – Considered a routine vaccination for most travel itineraries. Single adult booster recommended.

See the tables below for more information:

Visit our vaccinations page to learn more. Travel safely with Passport Health and schedule your appointment today by calling or book online now .

Do I Need a Passport or Visa for Montenegro?

A passport which is valid for at least 6 months from the departure date is required to enter the country. A visa is not required for business or tourism purposes up to 90 days.

Sources: Embassy of Montenegro and Canadian Travel and Tourism

Visitors must register within 24 hours of arrival in Montenegro. Those staying in a hotel or tourist facility will be automatically registered.

Visit the Canadian Travel and Tourism website for more information on entry and exit requirements.

What is the Climate Like in Montenegro?

Montenegro has a Mediterranean climate near the coast and alpine mountains. In the summer, the average coastal temperature is in the high 20’s. Inland temps are cooler, usually around 10 degrees.

• Budva – Budva is a coastal city in Moldova, known for its medieval wall and gorgeous sandy beaches. The coldest month is January with temps around 5 degrees. The warmest month is July with temps in the high 20’s.
• Kolasin – Kolasin is a town in northern Montenegro. It is also the unofficial center of the Moraca region. Winters are around 0, summers are around 15 degrees.

How Safe is Montenegro?

Montenegrin nightclubs are incredibly popular, particularly with tourists. Clubs are crowded and rarely follow Western fire safety standards.

Violent crime is uncommon, but resident break ins do occur. Travellers should avoid leaving their possessions unattended. All travellers should exercise caution and be aware of their surroundings while travelling. Further, theft at ATMs does also occur. Guard your pin numbers when using them and ensure that there is nothing attached to the ATM.

Kayaking and Snorkeling in Kotor

Plava špilja, the Blue Cave, is one of Montenegro’s most well-known spots on the coast. There are many marvelous tours than can take you on a well-guided and instructional tour of the coast. You’ll push your kayak into warm waters and learn how to steer and paddle. Following your lesson, you can head to the Adriatic Sea and paddle to the coast of the Blue Cave. The Blue Cave is the largest of several natural excavations that can only be accessed by kayak. It gets its name from the changing colors of the water. It seems light blue in the morning, dark blue around noon, and again light blue before sunset.

After exploring the caves, you can either swim around in the blue waters or snorkel and explore the rocks and ocean life. If you are hungry or thirsty after a day in the sun there are plenty of local snack stands for you to choose from and enjoy. This is the perfect mix of a relaxing, yet exploratory, excursion for a vacation.

What Should I Take to Montenegro?

Be sure to bring these key items with you on your trip to Montenegro:

• Walking Shoes – Hiking in Montenegro is a must. Bring comfortable shoes so you can explore it all.
• Jacket – Montenegro can be cold depending on when you visit. Be sure to bring a jacket with you.
• Swimsuit – Swimming at the beaches of Montenegro is common. Bring a swimsuit or two so you can enjoy the warm water.

Canadian Embassy to Montenegro

Canada currently does not have a residential government office in Montenegro. The embassy in Serbia handles all consular services.

Embassy of Canada to Serbia, Macedonia and Montenegro Kneza Milosa 75 Belgrade 111711 Serbia Phone: (381-11) 306-3000

Stay safe abroad with Passport Health. Call or book online now and start travelling safely today!

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W.H.O. Declares Global Emergency Over New Mpox Outbreak

The epidemic is concentrated in the Democratic Republic of Congo, but the virus has now appeared in a dozen other African countries.

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By Apoorva Mandavilli

The rapid spread of mpox, formerly called monkeypox, in African countries constitutes a global health emergency, the World Health Organization declared on Wednesday.

This is the second time in three years that the W.H.O. has designated an mpox epidemic as a global emergency. It previously did so in July 2022. That outbreak went on to affect nearly 100,000 people , primarily gay and bisexual men, in 116 countries, and killed about 200 people.

The threat this time is deadlier. Since the beginning of this year, the Democratic Republic of Congo alone has reported 15,600 mpox cases and 537 deaths. Those most at risk include women and children under 15.

“The detection and rapid spread of a new clade of mpox in eastern D.R.C., its detection in neighboring countries that had not previously reported mpox, and the potential for further spread within Africa and beyond is very worrying,” said Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, the W.H.O.’s director general.

The outbreak has spread through 13 countries in Africa, including a few that had never reported mpox cases before. On Tuesday, the Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention declared a “public health emergency of continental security,” the first time the organization has taken that step since the African Union granted it the power to do so last year.

“It’s in the interests of the countries, of the continent and of the world to get our arms around this and stop transmission as soon as we can,” said Dr. Nicole Lurie, the executive director for preparedness and response at the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, a nonprofit that finances vaccine development.

Facing the threat of global spread, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has urged clinicians and the public in the United States to be alert for the virus.

The W.H.O.’s designation of a “public health emergency of international concern” is intended to prompt member countries to begin preparing for the virus’s appearance and to share vaccines, treatments and other key resources with poorer nations.

“We need concerted international action to stem this recent, novel outbreak,” said Gregg Gonsalves, an epidemiologist at Yale University who served on the W.H.O.’s mpox committee in 2022.

The outbreak that year stayed mostly within tight sexual networks, among gay and bisexual men. A combination of behavioral changes and vaccination tamped down the spread.

In the United States, for example, the toll dropped to about 1,700 cases last year from more than 30,000 in 2022.

The version of mpox that has been circulating in Congo has always been more virulent, and currently has a death rate of about 3 percent, compared with 0.2 percent in the 2022 outbreak. The infection can produce fever, respiratory symptoms, muscle aches and swollen lymph nodes, as well as a rash on the hands, feet, chest, mouth or genitals.

Until recently, it spread mainly through consumption of contaminated meat or close contact with infected animals and people. Most of the deaths have been in children, who in this region of Africa are already beset by malnutrition and infectious diseases like cholera, measles and polio.

Should the outbreak spread globally, children in developed countries are likely to be less vulnerable to severe illness, experts have said.

Last year, for the first time, scientists discovered sexual transmission of this version of mpox, with cases split about equally among young men and women. According to genetic analyses , sometime around September, the virus gained mutations that enabled it to spread more readily among people. It has done so partly through heterosexual prostitution .

This viral type has not surfaced outside Africa. Over all, there have been more than 17,500 presumed and confirmed mpox cases in 13 countries, according to Africa C.D.C . Most of the cases and deaths have occurred in Congo.

Given the rapid spread, the declaration of a global health emergency was justified, said Anne Rimoin, an epidemiologist at the University of California, Los Angeles, who served on the 2022 mpox panel.

“I think we learned a great deal about the speed with which this virus can spread,” she said.

Amid rising numbers, Congo has approved two mpox vaccines , a Japanese product called LC16 and Jynneos, the vaccine made by Bavarian Nordic that was used in 2022 in the United States and Europe. But Congo has yet to institute an immunization plan.

On Aug. 9, the W.H.O. invited vaccine manufacturers to apply for an emergency use listing , a prerequisite for international groups such as Gavi, a global vaccine alliance, to purchase and distribute the shots in low-income nations.

Bavarian Nordic has donated 15,000 doses of Jynneos to be distributed in African countries. But that is a tiny fraction of the 10 million doses needed to control the outbreak, according to Africa C.D.C.

“The challenge is that these vaccines are not sufficient,” even if countries try to protect only the people at highest risk, said Dr. Dimie Ogoina, a Nigerian scientist and chair of the W.H.O.’s mpox emergency committee.

LC16 was used in Japanese children in the 1970s. Clinical trials funded by the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations are now evaluating whether Jynneos can protect children and people who have already been exposed to the virus , Dr. Lurie said.

The organization is also supporting the development of a new mRNA vaccine made by BioNTech that would protect against mpox and related viruses, such as smallpox.

“This outbreak has been smoldering for quite a long time, and we continually have missed opportunities to shut it down,” Dr. Lurie said. “I’m really glad that everybody is now paying attention and focusing their efforts on this.”

Apoorva Mandavilli is a reporter focused on science and global health. She was a part of the team that won the 2021 Pulitzer Prize for Public Service for coverage of the pandemic. More about Apoorva Mandavilli