a guided tour through arena

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Simulation with Arena

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IN COLLECTIONS

Uploaded by station02.cebu on August 13, 2021

Chapter 3 -- A Guided Tour Through Arena

What We’ll Do ...

• Start Arena

• Load, explore, run an existing model

ƒ Basically the same model as for the hand simulation in

Browse dialogs and menus

Run the model

ƒ Look at results

• Construct the same model from scratch

• Tour menus, toolbars, drawing, printing

• Help system

• Options for running and control

Behavior of Arena

• Arena is a true Windows application

ƒ Appearance, operation, functions, are standard

ƒ Interoperability with other software (MS Office, CAD)

ƒ Interact, communicate with other software (Chapter 10)

• Assume you already know basics of Windows:

ƒ Disks, files, folders, paths

Mousing, keyboarding

Resizing, moving, maximizing, minimizing windows

Menu operations

Ctrl, Alt, Shift keys

Cut, copy, paste

Filling out dialog fields

Starting Up

• Installing Arena – Appendix E

• Locate icon or shortcut; double-click

ƒ Or, Start > Programs > Rockwell Software > Arena 7.0 >

ƒ Licensed vs. Academic, Evaluation mode

• See File, View, Tools, Help menus

ƒ Other menus present if a model file is open

• Toolbars with buttons

ƒ Unless a model file is open, only New model file, Open model file, Template Attach/Detach, Context Help (click it, then click on buttons or menu items)

• Tooltips – roll over toolbar buttons for names

• Quitting Arena:

or Alt+F4 or top right button

Slide 3 of 61

Opening an Existing Model

… or button

ƒ Navigate to desired disk/directory

Why the .doe

default extension to Arena model filenames?

Click > Open or double-click Model 03-01.doe

ƒ Book models: Rockwell Software\Arena 7.0\Book Examples

ƒ More examples: Rockwell Software\Arena 7.0\Examples

• Model window (usually on right side of Arena window)

ƒ Where model is built

ƒ Resize, maximize, minimize, scroll/pan, zoom

ƒ Can have multiple model windows open at once

• Cut, Copy, Paste within Arena, and between

Arena and other applications (when sensible)

Slide 4 of 61

Flowchart and Spreadsheet Views

• Model window split into two views

ƒ Flowchart view

Process flowchart

Animation, drawing

Edit things by double-clicking on them, get into a dialog

Spreadsheet view

Displays model data directly

Can edit, add, delete data in spreadsheet view

Displays all similar kinds of modeling elements at once

Many model parameters can be edited in either view

Horizontal splitter bar to apportion the two views

View > Split Screen (or push ) to see both flowchart and spreadsheet views (otherwise, get just flowchart view)

Slide 5 of 61

Project Bar

• Usually down the left edge of Arena window

• Hosts panels with modeling building blocks:

ƒ Both flowchart and spreadsheet modules

• Displays one panel at a time

ƒ Switch to different panels via horizontal buttons

ƒ Panels for Basic Process, Reports (after running), Navigate

(to different views within a model or to different hierarchical submodels), … others can be attached (Template Attach button ) for different modeling levels, specialties

• Usually docked to left edge but can move, float

• Hide it via

or its own small

Slide 6 of 61

• At very bottom of Arena window

• Displays various information sensitive to status

ƒ Coordinates of cursor in “worldspace”

ƒ Simulation clock value, replication number being executed, number of replications to be done, when simulation is running

• Hide by clearing (unchecking)

Slide 7 of 61

Moving Around, Up, Down in Flowchart View of Model Window

• Underlying

world space

ƒ ( x , y ) coordinates, arbitrary units (thousands in each direction)

with scroll bars, arrow keys

in (down): or + key

• Zoom out (up): or – key

To navigate via keyboard, the model window must be active ... click in it.

• See all at min altitude: or * key

Named views

Save a pan/zoom view for different parts of model

Assign a Hot key

Access via View

(case-sensitive)

> Named Views … or ? key

• Display

to grid ( ) toggles

Slide 8 of 61

• Basic building blocks of a simulation model

• Two basic types:

• Different types of modules for different actions, specifications

• “Blank” modules are on the Project Bar

ƒ To add a flowchart module to your model, drag it from the

Project Bar into the flowchart view of the model window

Can have many instances of the same kind of flowchart module in your model

ƒ To use a data module, select it (single-click) in the Project

Bar and edit in the spreadsheet view of the model window

Only one instance of each kind of data module in your model, but it can have many entries (rows) in the spreadsheet view

Can edit via dialog – double-click on number in leftmost column

Slide 9 of 61

Flowchart Modules

• Describe dynamic processes

ƒ Nodes/places through which entities flow

ƒ Typically connected to each other in some way

• Basic Process panel flowchart module types:

ƒ Create, Dispose, Process, Decide, Batch, Separate,

Assign, Record

• Other panels – many other kinds

• Shape like flowcharting (also use colors for hints)

• Two ways to edit

ƒ Double-click to open up, then fill out dialogs

ƒ Select (single-click) a module type in model or Project Bar, get all modules of that type in the spreadsheet view

Slide 10 of 61

Data Modules

• Set values, conditions, etc. for whole model

ƒ No entity flow, no connections

• Basic Process panel data module types:

ƒ Entity, Queue, Resource, Variable, Schedule, Set

• Icons in Project Bar look like little spreadsheets

• To use a data module, select it (single-click) in the Project Bar, edit in spreadsheet view

Can edit via dialog – double-click in leftmost column

Double-click where indicated to add new row

ƒ Right-click on row, column to do different things

• Only one instance of each kind of data module in a model

ƒ But each one can have many entries (rows)

Slide 11 of 61

Relations Among Modules

• Flowchart and data modules are related via names for objects

ƒ Queues, Resources, Entity types, Variables … others

• Arena keeps internal lists of different kinds of names

ƒ Presents existing lists to you where appropriate

ƒ Helps you remember names, protects you from typos

• All names you make up in a model must be unique across the model, even across different types of modules

Slide 12 of 61

Internal Model Documentation

on modules, graphics – hover mouse over object to see

ƒ Default part – generic info on object (name, type)

ƒ User-defined part – right-click on object, select Properties, enter text under Property Description

ƒ Toggle display of Data tips via View > Data Tips

Project Description

Parameters,

enter text under Project Description

Model Documentation Report

Documentation report.

ƒ Generates HTML file with model details (can choose which kinds of details to include)

Slide 13 of 61

Browsing Through Model 3-1

• Open Model 03-01.mod

(in Book Examples folder)

• Three flowchart modules (Create, Process,

• Entries in three data modules (Entity, Queue,

• Animation objects

ƒ Resource animation

Some (passive) labels, artwork

Slide 14 of 61

Flowchart Module

• “Birth” node for entities

• Gave this instance of the Create-type module the

Name Part Arrives to System

ƒ If we had other Create modules (we don’t) they’d all have different Names

• Double-click on module to open property dialog:

Slide 15 of 61

(cont’d.)

• Name – for module (type it in, overriding default)

• Entity Type – enter a descriptive name

ƒ Can have multiple Entity Types with distinct names

• Time Between Arrivals area

ƒ Specify nature of the time separating consecutive arrivals

Type – pull-down list with several options

Value – depends on Type … for Random (Expo) is mean

ƒ Units – time units for Value

• Entities per Arrival – constant, random variable, very general “Expression” (more later …)

• Max Arrivals – choke off arrivals (from this source) after this many entities

• First Creation – time of first arrival (need not be 0)

Slide 16 of 61

Editing Flowchart Modules in the

Spreadsheet view.

• Alternative to dialog for each instance of a module type

• See all instances of a module type at once

ƒ Convenient for seeing, editing lots of things at once

• Selecting a module in either flowchart or spreadsheet view also selects it in the other view

• Click, double-click fields to view, edit

• Right-click in row to Edit via Dialog, define a user

Data Tip (via Properties)

• Right-click in expression fields to get Expression

Builder for help in constructing complex expressions with Arena variables (more later …)

Slide 17 of 61

Data Module

• A data module, so edit in spreadsheet view only

• View, edit aspects of different Types of entities in your model (we have just one Type, Part )

• Pull-down lists activated as you select fields

• Our only edit – Initial Picture for animation

ƒ We picked Picture.Blue Ball from the default list

Slide 18 of 61

• Represents the machine, including the resource, queue, and entity delay time (processing)

• Enter Name – Drilling Center

• Type – picked Standard to define logic here rather than in a submodel (more later …)

• Report Statistics check box at bottom

ƒ To get utilizations, queue lengths, queue waiting times, etc.

Slide 19 of 61

• Logic area – what happens to entities here

Seize Delay Release – entity Seizes some number of units of a Resource

(maybe after a wait in queue), Delay itself there for the processing time, then Release the units of the Resource it had Seized – we chose this option

Could just Delay entity (red traffic light) – no Resources or queueing

Could also Seize Delay (no Release … Release downstream)

Could also Delay Release (if Resource had been Seized upstream)

Priority for seizing – lower numbers mean higher priority

Different Action choices could allow stringing together several Process modules for modeling flexibility

ƒ Resources – define Resource(s) to be seized, released

Double-click on row to open subdialog

Define Resource Name, Quantity of units to be Seized/Released here

Several Resources present (Add) – entities must first Seize all

Slide 20 of 61

• Delay Type – choice of probability distributions, constant or general Expression (more later …)

• Units – time units for the delay (

don’t ignore

• Allocation – how to “charge” delay in costing

(more later …)

• Prompts on next line – change depending on choice of Delay Type – specify numerical parameters involved

• Can also edit in spreadsheet view

ƒ Subdialogs (e.g., Resource here) become secondary spreadsheets that pop up, must be closed

Slide 21 of 61

• Defining the Drilling Center Resource in the

Process module automatically creates an entry

(row) for it in the Resource data module

• Can edit it here for more options

ƒ Type – could vary capacity via a Schedule instead of having a fixed Capacity

Would define the Schedule via Schedule data module … more later

ƒ Failures – could cause resource to fail according to some pattern

Define this pattern via Failure data module (Advanced Process panel) … more later

Slide 22 of 61

• Specify aspects of the queues in the model

ƒ We only have one, named Drilling Center.Queue

(the default name given the Process name)

• Type – specifies

queue discipline

or ranking rule

ƒ If Lowest or Highest Attribute Value, then another field appears where you specify which attribute

• Shared – it this queue will be shared among several resources (more later …)

• Report Statistics – check to get automatic collection and reporting of queue length, time in queue

Slide 23 of 61

Animating Resources and Queues

• Got queue animation automatically by specifying a Seize in the Process module

ƒ Entity pictures (blue balls) will line up here in animation

• Don’t get Resource animation automatically

ƒ To add it, use Resource button in Animate toolbar … get

Resource Picture Placement dialog

Identifier – link to Resource name in pull-down list

Specify different pictures for Idle, Busy state

For pre-defined artwork, Open a picture library (.plb filename extension)

Scroll up/down on right, select (single-click) a picture on right, select Idle or Busy state on left, then to copy the picture

ƒ To edit later, double-click on picture in flowchart view

Slide 24 of 61

• Represents entities leaving model boundaries

• Name the module

• Decide on Record Entity Statistics (average and maximum time in system of entities exiting here, costing information)

Check boxes for statistics collection and reporting:

Most are checked (turned on) by default

Little or no modeling effort to say yes to these

However, in some models this can slow execution markedly

Moral – if you have speed problems, clear these if you don’t care about them

Slide 25 of 61

Connecting Flowchart Modules

• Establishes the (fixed) sequence of flowchart modules through which entities will flow

• To make a connection

ƒ Click Connect button (or Object > Connect )

Cursor changes to cross hairs

Click on exit point from source module, then entry point on destination module

ƒ Make intermediate clicks for non-straight line in segments

• Object menu toggles

ƒ Auto-Connect – automatically connect entry point of newly placed module from exit point of selected module

Smart Connect – force segments to horizontal/vertical

Animate Connectors – show entities moving along connectors (zero time for statistics collection)

Slide 26 of 61

Dynamic Plots

• Trace variables, queues as simulation runs – a kind of “data animation”

• Disappear after run is ended (to keep, must save data, postprocess via Output Analyzer — later)

• Plot button from Animate toolbar… “Add” for

ƒ Expression to plot (help via Expression Builder … later)

ƒ Min/Max y -axis values (initially guesses, maybe revise)

Arena can do this automatically and dynamically in Plot dialog

ƒ Number of “corners” to show (# History Points) at a time

ƒ Stepped option (for piecewise-constant curves)

• In Plot dialog – Time Range (

axis), cosmetics, automatic scaling options

• Drop plot in via crosshairs (resize, move later)

Slide 27 of 61

Dressing Things Up

• Add drawing objects from Draw toolbar

ƒ Similar to other drawing, CAD packages

ƒ Object-oriented drawing tools (layers, etc.), not just a painting tool

• Add Text to annotate things

ƒ Control font, size, color, orientation

Slide 28 of 61

Setting the Run Conditions

menu dialog – five tabs

ƒ Project Parameters – Title, your name, output statistics,

Replication Parameters

Number of Replications

Initialization options Between Replications

Start Date/Time to associate with start of simulation

Warm-up Period (when statistics are cleared)

Length of Replication (and Time Units)

Base Time Units (output measures, internal computations)

Hours per “Day” (convenience for 16-hour days, etc.)

Terminating Condition (complex stopping rules)

Other tabs for animation speed, run conditions, reporting

Terminating your simulation:

ƒ You must specify – part of modeling

Arena has no default termination

If you don’t specify termination, Arena will usually keep running forever

Slide 29 of 61

• Plain-vanilla run: Click from Standard toolbar

(like audio/video players)

First time or after changes: Check

Enters run mode — can move around but not edit

ƒ Speed up (> on keyboard) or slow down (<) animation display

When done, asked if you want to see summary reports

Click to get out of run mode ( can’t edit until you do )

ƒ Can pause run with or Esc key

• Other run control, viewing, checking options

Slide 30 of 61

Viewing the Reports

• Click Yes in the Arena box at the end of the run

ƒ Opens up a new reports window (separate from model window) inside the Arena window

ƒ Project Bar shows Reports panel, with different reports

(each one would be a new window)

ƒ Remember to close all reports windows before future runs

• Default installation shows Category Overview report – summarizes many things about the run

ƒ Reports have “page” to browse ( and )

ƒ Also, “table contents” tree at left for quick jumps via ,

• Times are in Base Time Units for the model

Slide 31 of 61

Viewing the Reports – Examples

• Entity → Time → Total Time → Part:

ƒ Avg. time in system was 6.4397 min., max was 12.6185

• Resource → Usage → Instantaneous Utilization →

Drill Press:

ƒ Utilization was 0.9171 (busy 91.71% of the time)

• Process → Other → Number In → Drilling Center:

ƒ During the run, 7 parts entered the Drilling Center

• Process → Other → Number Out → Drilling Center:

ƒ 5 entities left the Drilling Center (so were produced)

• Entity

ƒ Avg. wait time in all queues was 3.0340 min. (counts only entities that left the system , but Queue → Time → Waiting

Time → Drilling Center.Queue counts all entities that left this queue , so can differ)

• Entity → Other → Wip → Part:

ƒ Average Work in Process was 1.7060, max WIP was 4

Slide 32 of 61

Types of Statistics Reported

• Many output statistics are one of three types:

ƒ Tally – avg., max, min of a discrete list of numbers

Used for discrete-time output processes like waiting times in queue, total times in system

Time-persistent – time-average, max, min of a plot of something where the x -axis is continuous time

Used for continuous-time output processes like queue lengths, WIP, server-busy functions (for utilizations)

Counter – accumulated sums of something, usually just nose counts of how many times something happened

Often used to count entities passing through a point in the model

Slide 33 of 61

More on Reports and their Files

• Reports we just saw – based on a MS Access database that Arena writes as it runs

Can be saved and viewed later

ƒ Viewing within Arena done via Crystal Reports to query the

Access database

• Arena also produces a plain-text summary report

(.out filename extension)

Was in previous versions of Arena, underlying SIMAN simulation language

ƒ Fairly cryptic, but gives quick view of lots of output data

• Get multiple reports for multiple replications

• “Half Width” columns – for confidence intervals on outputs in long-run simulations … more later

Slide 34 of 61

Build It Yourself

• Build the same model from scratch – see book for more detail

• Handy user-interface tricks:

ƒ Right-click in an empty spot in flowchart view – small box of options, including Repeat Last Action … useful in repetitive editing like placing lots of the same module type

ƒ Ctrl+D or Ins key – duplicates whatever’s selected in flowchart view, offsetting it a bit … usually drag elsewhere and edit

• Open a new (blank) model window – name it, save it, maybe maximize it

• Attach modeling panels you’ll need to Project Bar if they’re not there

Slide 35 of 61

• Place and connect flowchart modules

• Edit flowchart and data modules as needed

ƒ Experiment with Expression Builder – right-click in expression field

• Add plots, animation, artwork

• Add named views (? key or

Named Views

ƒ Name, hot key (case-sensitive) – useful in big models

• Edit

• “Displays” in text

ƒ Compact way of saying what needs to be done in a dialog

Omits Arena defaults

Shows completed dialogs

Slide 36 of 61

Display for the Create Module

Slide 37 of 61

Display for the Process Module

Slide 38 of 61

Display for the Dispose Module

Slide 39 of 61

Display for the Queue-Length Plot

Slide 40 of 61

Expression Builder for Queue-Length-

Plot expression.

Slide 41 of 61

More on Menus – File Menu

• Model-file management

• Template attach/detach

• DXF import (from CAD packages), Visio import

• Color palettes

• Printing

• E-mail open model file

• Recent models

• Exit from Arena

Slide 42 of 61

• Undo/Redo

• Cut/Copy/Paste

• Paste Link (create OLE link)

• Duplicate, Delete selection

• Select/Deselect All

• Entity Pictures – change content, definition of pictures presented in Entity data module

• Calendar Schedules – specify complex time patterns in hierarchies (weeks are made of days, which are made of shifts, etc.), exceptions

(holidays), view composite net effect

Slide 43 of 61

• Find – searches all modules and animation objects for a text string … useful for finding wrong names, typos after an error message from

• Properties – display internal Arena object properties

• Links – to link to other files (spreadsheets, sounds, etc.)

• Insert New Object – from other applications (e.g., graphics)

• Object – edit object imported from another application

Slide 44 of 61

• Zooming – discussed before

• Zoom Factor – step size when zooming

• Views – canned Arena views of flowchart view

• Named Views – define, change, use views

• Grid/Snap/Grid Settings – control grid, snapping

• Page breaks – shows page breaks if printed

• Data Tips – toggles display of Data Tips

• Layers – which objects show up in which mode

• Split Screen – toggle for viewing both flowchart and spreadsheet views, or just one of them

• Toolbars – decide which toolbars show up

• Project/Status Bar – toggle to show up or not

Slide 45 of 61

• Separate applications for modeling, analysis

ƒ Arena Symbol Factory – large collection of graphics in

ƒ categories, use to create graphical symbols for animation

Input Analyzer – fit probability distributions for input, using field-collected data

ƒ Process Analyzer – run, compare many “scenarios” at once

Also Output Analyzer … not on menus ... start from Start menu

• Special “editions” of Arena (FactoryAnalyzer,

Contact Center) – depends on licensing

• Model Documentation Report – generate HTML file with many details of this model

Slide 46 of 61

• Import/Export model to/from Database – bring in, save model details to Excel or Access

• OptQuest for Arena – separate application that

“takes over” running of the model to search for an optimal scenario

• Macro – create Visual Basic macros (mini programs), VB editor ... more in Chapter 10

• Options – control many aspects of how Arena works, looks

Slide 47 of 61

Arrange Menu

• For modeling, graphics objects – first select object(s)

• Bring object to Front, Send it to Back — for

“stacking” effects

• Group, Ungroup

• Flip around Vertical, Horizontal line

• Rotate object (90° clockwise)

• Align objects on top, bottom, left, or right edges

• Distribute objects evenly (horizontally, vertically)

• Flowchart Alignment – arrange flowchart modules

(horizontally, vertically)

• Snap to Grid the selected object(s)

• Change Snap Point on object that gets snapped

Slide 48 of 61

Object Menu

• Connect tool – changes cursor to cross hairs

• Auto-Connect newly placed module to selected module – toggle on/off

• Smart Connect – new connections in horizontal/vertical segments rather than one diagonal segment – toggle on/off

• Animate Connectors – to show entities moving

(at infinite speed for statistics collection)

• Submodel – define and manage hierarchical submodels (see Chapter 5)

Slide 49 of 61

• Setup – control model run conditions

• Entries to run, check, pause, step through

• Alternatives to watch execution, view results (or errors)

• Control how run goes and is displayed

• Most capabilities on Run or Run Interaction

Toolbar, and will be described a bit later in detail

• Access the “code” in the underlying SIMAN simulation language

Slide 50 of 61

Window Menu

• Cascade, Tile multiple open model windows

• Arrange Icons for any minimized model windows

• Use system Background Color — use Windows colors rather than Arena settings

• List of open model windows

Slide 51 of 61

• One of several ways to get into Help system

• Arena Help Topics – TOC, Index, Search

• What’s This? – adds ? to cursor, then click on things for brief description

• Release notes – recent changes, requirements

• Arena SMART Files – subject-based index to many small (but complete) models that illustrate specific modeling techniques

Slide 52 of 61

• List of attached modeling panels – select to get

Help on that one

• Product Manuals – detailed documents on Arena components

• Web links to product support (must be online ...)

• Product support/training

• Copy protection information for commercial, research, and lab versions

• About Arena... – version number, etc.

Slide 53 of 61

More on Toolbars

• Collections of buttons for “frequent” operations

ƒ Most are duplication of menu entries

ƒ Standard, Draw, Animate, Integration, View, Arrange, Run

Interaction, Record Macro, Animate Transfer, Professional

(or right-click in a toolbar area) to decide which ones show up, which to hide

• Toolbars can be torn off (“floating” palettes), or

“docked” to an edge of screen

• Arena remembers your Toolbar configuration for next time

to alter how toolbars and buttons are displayed

• See text for run-through description of toolbars and buttons

Slide 54 of 61

More on Drawing

• Draw via toolbar buttons only (no menus):

• Line, Polyline (hold Shift key for 45 0 ), Arc, Bézier

• Box, Polygon, Ellipse (fill, line, shade)

• Text (font, size, style)

• Colors for Lines, Fill, Text, Window Background

• Line Style, Fill Pattern

• By far best way to learn: just play around

Slide 55 of 61

• Print all or parts of flowchart view of active model window – supports color

• Usual Print, Print Preview, Print Setup (File menu)

• Could consume many pages … also prints named views separately

ƒ Print Preview, select only what you want for printing

Page Breaks

to show how pages will break

• Alternative to printing directly from Arena:

PrintScreen key — sends screen to clipboard, paste into another application

Alt+PrintScreen — sends only active window to clipboard

Could first pass through a paint application to crop, etc.

Slide 56 of 61

• Extensive, comprehensive online system – including complete (electronic) manuals

• Interlinked via hypertext for cross referencing

• Multiple entry points, including Help menu

(described above), links to websites

• button for context-sensitive help

• button in most dialogs

• button (What’s This?) for info on items

• Tooltips – roll over things, get little sticky note

• Examples folder inside Arena 7.0 folder

• SMARTs library – small models illustrating points

– subject index via

Arena Smart Files

Slide 57 of 61

More on Running Models

• Run Menu; Standard & Run Interaction toolbars

– many options to control the run

ƒ These are attached to the model, and are not global

– run simulation “normally”

(depends on selections from and

Run Control

– one “step” at a time (verify, debug)

Fast-Forward

– disable animation

(or Esc key) – freeze run, resume with Go

– go back to beginning of simulation

Slide 58 of 61

– get out of run mode

Check Model

– like compiling

Review Errors

– for most recent Check

– bring up interactive command-line window to control run

– set times, conditions to interrupt for checks, illustration

– bring up a window to watch a variable or expression during run

Slide 59 of 61

Break on Module

– set/clear break when an entity enters or resumes activity on a module

Highlight Active Module

– highlight the flowchart module being executed

Batch Run (No Animation)

– run model with no animation … this is even faster than Fast-Forward … usually used for

“production runs” for statistical analysis

– view or write the model (.mod) and experiment (.exp) files for the underlying

SIMAN model

Slide 60 of 61

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But when her Out of This World: The Missy Elliott Experience Tour touched down on Thursday night, Aug. 15, at Detroit’s Little Caesars Arena, it seemed that she was just waiting until she could get it right.

And damn near perfect at that.

The entire tour package offers a finely curated celebration of the Virginia-born multi-hyphenate’s career, a ground-breaking, impactful tenure that made her the first female MC to be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (in 2023). The support acts — Timbaland, Busta Rhymes and Ciara, who all appeared during Elliott’s set as well — are all longtime collaborators. And Elliott’s 70-minute set was simply a delight, a masterclass of performance and stagecraft that righted the many indulgent wrongs we’ve witnessed in previous pop diva spectacles.

Offering more than two dozen tracks from her five studio albums and 2019 EP “Iconology” along with a few covers, Elliot’s show was refreshingly concise and fat-free, with energy that never flagged even during the brief moments she wasn’t on stage — and that didn’t always mean she was changing costumes, either, though she went through about a half-dozen over the course of the show.

With a cast of 20 dancers, a hype man, an hidden live band (it was shown on the video screens during “Up Jumps Da Boogie”) and a Willy Wonka-esque performer during segues, Elliott’s concert was a Cirque du Soleil/steampunk/”Mystery Science Theater 3000″ mash-up, with a nearly overwhelming onslaught of inventive visuals and as much movement as an Olympics’ worth of gymnastic floor exercises. It was light on chest-thumping braggadocio or excessive verbiage; Elliott — who obscured her face most of the night under hats and RoboCop helmets — instead let her songs deliver messages of empowerment and inspiration (along with a few booty calls, of course).

Four animated faces of Missy welcomed the near-capacity crowd on the massive rear-stage video screen, ushering us into a space-age adventure whose special effects included set pieces (an underground sewage system for one segment, a corn field during “Pass That Dutch”), lasers and jets of fire. Several platforms elevated Elliott and her cohorts at various points of the show, and during “Gossip Folks” she and two dancers hovered above the crowd on a saucer-shaped mini-stage.

The ensemble bounced around on Pilates balls during “I’m Better,” and towards the end of the show Elliott walked the diameter of the arena floor, stopping to hug fans — and even returning shortly after to embrace a few that she missed. She also paid a warm tribute to the late Detroit singer Aaliyah, for whom Elliott co-wrote songs during the mid-90s, just before releasing her own debut album.

And Elliott of course celebrated her history with her tour mates, welcoming theme ach to the stage during a show-closing trilogy of Timbaland & Magoo’s “Up Jumps Da Boogie,” Rhymes’ “Touch It” and “Lose Control” a Ciara collaboration that found the two spitting lines together at the edge of the stage.

It was so exciting, satisfying and enormously entertaining that it made you wonder why Elliott hasn’t done this before — and, more importantly, hoping she’ll do it again, and soon.

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The 5 Best Guided Colosseum Tours of 2024

A s the most enduring symbol of the Roman Empire and one of the most famous landmarks in the world, the Colosseum receives more than 6 million visitors per year – which means it's not easy to escape the crowds. A visit to see the world's largest amphitheater – once known as the Flavian Amphitheater – is well worth it, though.

Inside the ancient complex, there is very little signage explaining what you're looking at, which is why tours are a popular way to explore. A good tour will not only get you skip-the-line access but also bring this incredible place to life.

Keep in mind that most Colosseum tours only give you access to the arena floor and upper level. If you want to visit the hypogeum (Colosseum underground), you need to make sure it's included in the tour.

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Best Overall: City Wonders – Colosseum & Ancient Rome Tour with Roman Forum & Palatine Hill

Price: From $42.86 per person

Duration: 3 hours

This comprehensive tour covers the Colosseum, Palatine Hill, Roman Forum and the Via Sacra (Sacred Street), and tourgoers are given headsets so they can better hear and follow their guide. Recent reviewers praise the expert guides, saying they are knowledgable about the history of the Colosseum (as well as the entrances with the shortest lines). Reviewers also appreciate the pace of the tour.

When booking, you have the option to choose your group size – 24, 15 or 10 participants – and tour rates vary accordingly. City Wonders also offers tours of the Vatican Museums , as well day trips to Pompeii, the Amalfi Coast and more.

Check prices & availability on:

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Best Underground: The Ultimate Italy – Colosseum: Underground and Ancient Rome Tour

Price: From $87.25 per person

This highly rated tour provides access to the underground of the Colosseum, where you'll discover the network of passages, cells and chambers that once served as the backstage area of the arena. Along the way, you'll hear about the behind-the-scenes preparations of gladiators and wild animals; then, you'll explore the arena floor, imagining what it was like for them 2,000-some years ago. Finally, you'll spend some time at the Roman Forum and Palatine Hill.

Recent visitors highly recommend this tour, noting the underground portion made their visit to the Colosseum extra special.

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360 Kiosk Email : Tips on Trips and Expert Picks

Best Private: Roma Experience – Private Colosseum Tour With Roman Forum & Palatine Hill

Price: From 499 euros per person (about $548)

Duration: 2 hours and 45 minutes

For a deeper understanding of the Colosseum, a private tour with Elisa Valeria Bove, CEO of Roma Experience, is one of the best you can take. As an archaeologist, Bove has been involved in excavations at the Roman Forum and other historic sites. Her Colosseum tour typically includes the Roman Forum, Palatine Hill, the Arch of Constantine, Via Sacra and the House of Vestal Virgin. Be sure to specify if you want to visit the hypogeum (Colosseum underground) when you book.

Roma Experience organizes bespoke private tours throughout Italy, including multiday itineraries. Bove will work with you to customize your experience and bring you to places you wouldn't think to visit, like Quintili's Villa on the ancient Appian Way.

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Best for Families: LivTours – The Best of Colosseum & Ancient Rome With Exclusive Arena Access

Price: Adults from 139 euros (about $153); kids from $124 (about $136)

Recent visitors praise the guides on this tour for bringing the stories about ancient Rome to life and entertaining everyone along the way — kids included.

Upon booking this tour, participants receive an invitation to download an app. During the tour, the guide gives everyone a cardboard virtual reality headset that works with the app and shows a reconstruction of the Colosseum and the surrounding valley. After visiting the Colosseum, the tour continues to the Palatine Hill and Roman Forum, where the virtual reality headsets show you a reconstruction of the Circus Maximus and the structures in the Roman Forum. At all the sites, you get skip-the-line access.

These semiprivate tours are guaranteed to have no more than six people, making them a more personalized experience than other group tours. However, because the tours are small, the guides don't use headsets, and some participants note that it can be difficult to hear the guide over the noise in the Colosseum.

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Best Nighttime: Rome Tours – Colosseum Night Tour

Price: From $60.46 per person

Duration: 1 to 1.5 hours

A nighttime tour of the Colosseum not only affords an opportunity to see the famous landmark aglow, but it also allows visitors to avoid some of the crowds and high temps that come with a daytime visit. Recent tourgoers say they enjoyed the tour for these reasons, also noting that the guides are excellent. However, many wish the tour were a bit longer (or priced cheaper considering its short duration). The tour does not cover the Roman Forum or Palatine Hill.

Evening departure times vary by time of year.

Rome Tours offers a variety of other tours throughout the city, from a comprehensive daytime tour of the Colosseum to a bar crawl .

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Why Trust U.S. News Travel

Laura Itzkowitz is a Rome-based freelance journalist who thinks about the Roman Empire all the time. She has visited the Colosseum in the morning, in the evening after the crowds have left, on group tours and private tours. To curate this list of the best Colosseum tours, she used her own experience as well as her research expertise, culling tips from locals and visitors.

You might also be interested in:

• The Best Rome Hotels
• The Best Small Group Tours of Italy
• The Best Travel Insurance for Europe

Copyright 2024 U.S. News & World Report

• Card Database

MTG Arena Announcements – August 26, 2024

(8/28 Editor's Note: In the Event Schedule , the August 27–29 Midweek Magic event has been corrected from Momir to Golden Pack Phantom Sealed. Also, the start date for GNSHAAGHKKAPPHRIIBIT has been updated to September 2.)

In this edition:

Banned and Restricted Announcements for August 26, 2024

• Duskmourn Debuts at PAX West—Preorders Start Next Tuesday!

Arena Open: Bloomburrow Starts Saturday!

Final week to play standard at wpn stores for mtg arena rewards, event schedule.

• Amalia Benavides Aguirre is banned.
• Sorin, Imperious Bloodlord is banned.

A new Banned and Restricted Announcement came out today with Amalia Benavides Aguirre and Sorin, Imperious Bloodlord banned in Explorer, reflecting the same bans in Pioneer. Explorer will continue to match Pioneer's bans as we work toward tournament Pioneer on MTG Arena .

Check out the Banned and Restricted Announcement for complete details, including bans and restrictions in other formats.

Duskmourn Debuts at PAX West—Preorders Start Next Tuesday!

Terrifying ghosts materialize and horrors come to life with Duskmourn: House of Horror ! Previews start this Saturday, August 31, at PAX West, where the Duskmourn debut will usher in the "13 Days of Duskmourn. " Those of you on site at PAX West can watch the panel live, or you can stream it on the official Magic: The Gathering YouTube channel and twitch.tv/Magic .

The full list of where to find Duskmourn previews is right here , so prepare for Magic 's most fright-filled set before MTG Arena preorders start next Tuesday!

This weekend, August 31 through September 1, Arena Open returns to the land of Valley for another pastoral playoff in Bloomburrow . This two-day event could literally be your ticket to big-time competitive Magic with an invitation to the September Qualifier Weekend and up to $2,000 in prizes up for grabs!

Everyone who enters receives the Imagine: Courageous Critters avatar of Jace, the Mind Sculptor.

Find out details on how to participate in Arena Open: Bloomburrow , then bring your best Bloomburrow Limited skills to the field this Saturday.

There's still time to get in a Standard game or two at WPN stores and grab MTG Arena ! Register with your Wizards Account (the one you use to play on MTG Arena ) and play in Standard events at your local participating WPN Store by the August 31 deadline, and you can earn these rewards in MTG Arena :

• First event: 1 random rare card in Standard
• Second event: 1 random rare card in Standard
• Third event: 1 Bloomburrow pack and Ral, Crackling Wit card style
• Fourth event: 1 Bloomburrow mythic pack

Rewards will be sent to your MTG Arena player inbox on or after September 1, 2024. Find out all the promo details and start playing!

Events open at 8 a.m. PT on their starting dates (excluding Midweek Magic ) and close to entries at 8 a.m. PT (UTC-07:00) on the ending date shown unless otherwise noted.

Midweek Magic

Midweek Magic events open on Tuesdays at 2 p.m. PT and close to new entries on Thursdays at 2 p.m. PT (UTC-07:00).

• UPDATED : August 27–29: Golden Pack Phantom Sealed Build a 40-card deck from a pool of 12 Golden Packs, add basic lands and play as much as you want! This is a Phantom event, so cards aren't added to your collection.
• UPDATED : September 2–5: GNSHAAGHKKAPPHRIIBIT Yargle has consumed Midweek Magic , turning it into an all-access Brawl Frog free-for-all! Choose any legendary Frog (or Tatsunari, Toad Rider ) and build a Brawl deck without needing the cards in your collection! Plus, Yargle's magic makes all of your frogs better than ever: they're cheaper to play and hungry for power.
• September 10–12: Historic Pauper
• September 17–19: Bloomburrow Phantom Sealed

Quick Draft

• August 20–September 3: Wilds of Eldraine
• September 3–17: Bloomburow

Other Events

(Editor's Note: The starting date for the Remix Draft: Artifacts Flashback has been corrected to September 10.)

• August 20–27: Alchemy: Bloomburrow Premier Draft
• August 30–September 1: Timeless Metagame Challenge
• September 10–24: Remix Draft: Artifacts Flashback
• Summer Flashback Drafts
• August 27–September 3: Dominaria Premier Draft
• September 3–10: Dominaria United Premier Draft
• September 10–17: Amonkhet Remastered Premier Draft
• September 17–24: Zendikar Rising Premier Draft

September Qualifier Events – Timeless

• September 7: Best-of-One Play-In
• September 13: Best-of-Three Play-In
• September 14–15: Qualifier Weekend

Competitive Play Schedule

All times listed are Pacific time (UTC-07:00).

Premier Play

Qualifier Play-In events are single-day tournaments in which players compete to earn invitations to that month's Qualifier Weekend events.

Qualifier Weekend events are two-day events in which eligible players compete for invitations to upcoming Arena Championship events.

Qualifier tokens earned through Seasonal Rewards are delivered to your MTG Arena inbox. Remember to claim them before the event starts!

• Format: Timeless
• Qualifier Weekend September 14, 6 a.m. PT–September 15, 4 p.m. PT
• Format: Timeless (Best-of-Three)

The Arena Open Day One entry window begins at 6 a.m. PT and closes to new entries the following day at 3 a.m. PT (UTC-07:00). The Day Two entry window is 2 hours only, from 6 a.m. PT until 8 a.m. PT (UTC-07:00).

• August 31: Day One, Bloomburrow Sealed (Best-of-One and Best-of-Three)
• September 1: Day Two, Bloomburrow Draft (Best-of-Three)

All entrants receive the Imagine: Courageous Critters Jace, the Mind Sculptor avatar !

August 2024 Ranked Season

The August 2024 Ranked Season begins July 31 at 12:05 p.m. PT (UTC-07:00) and ends August 31 at 12 p.m. PT (UTC-07:00).

• Bronze Reward: 1 Bloomburrow pack
• Silver Reward: 1 Bloomburrow pack + 500 gold
• Gold Reward: Bloomburrow packs + 1,000 gold + Consumed by Greed card style
• Platinum Reward: 3 Bloomburrow packs + 1,000 gold + Consumed by Greed card style + Salvation Swan card style
• Diamond Reward: 4 Bloomburrow packs + 1,000 gold + Consumed by Greed card style + Salvation Swan card style
• Mythic Reward: 5 Bloomburrow packs + 1,000 gold + Consumed by Greed card style + Salvation Swan card style

September 2024 Ranked Season

The September 2024 Ranked Season begins August 31 at 12:05 p.m. PT (UTC-07:00) and ends September 30 at 12 p.m. PT (UTC-07:00).

• Bronze Reward: 1 Duskmourn: House of Horror pack
• Silver Reward: 1 Duskmourn: House of Horror pack + 500 gold
• Gold Reward: Duskmourn: House of Horror packs + 1,000 gold + DSK card style
• Platinum Reward: 3 Duskmourn: House of Horror packs + 1,000 gold + DSK card style + DSK card style
• Diamond Reward: 4 Duskmourn: House of Horror packs + 1,000 gold + DSK card style + DSK card style
• Mythic Reward: 5 Duskmourn: House of Horror packs + 1,000 gold + DSK card style + DSK card style

Follow MTG Arena Social

Keep up with the latest MTG Arena news and announcements on:

• Twitter @MTG_Arena
• Facebook @MTGArena
• Instagram @mtgarena
• TikTok @MTGArena
• MTG Arena YouTube channel
• Magic: The Gathering Discord channel
• Threads @mtgarena

Chapter 3 -- A Guided Tour Through Arena

Transcript chapter 3 -- a guided tour through arena.

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Life-size dinosaurs, a candy store tour and more to do this weekend

Take a road tip to Wiscasset for art, food, car racing and a gargantuan amount of candy.

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One of many dinosaurs that will be at Cross Insurance Arena in Portland. Photo courtesy of Jurassic Quest

Make no bones about it, it’s going to be a great weekend, starting with  Jurassic Quest at Cross Insurance Arena . Animatronic dinosaurs will delight the kids, who will also get a kick out of digging for fossils and riding on a baby dino. Another option in our weekly roundup is “Beautiful: The Carole King Musical” at the Maine State Music Theatre in Brunswick.

‘Beautiful’ at Maine State Music Theatre, Pet Rock in the Park and Jurassic Quest

Some of the candy available at the Granite Hall Store in Round Pond. Photo by Aimsel Ponti

For an even sweeter experience, we’re sending you candy shopping. We’ve shined a light on five shops  with something extra to offer and created a nifty guide of 18 to look you can find  all around southern Maine and the Midcoast. From giant shops like Sweetz & More in Wiscasset to charming places like the Granite Hall Store in Round Pond, there’s a candy shop out there calling your name.

These 5 unique Maine candy stores are a real treat

The Brackett’s Market 4-Cylinder Pros compete Saturday at Wiscasset Speedway. Anna Chadwick/Morning Sentinel

Should your sweets-seeking adventure bring you to Wiscasset, we clue you into  several other things to do  in town, including car races at the Wiscasset Speedway.

A trip to pretty Wiscasset can also include art, history, speed

Bagel sandwich with eggs, cheese and pork roll from Dutchman’s Wood-Fired Bagels in Brunswick. Photo by Aimsel Ponti

Want to hit breakfast right out of the park? Make your way to Brunswick for an egg and cheese sandwich from Dutchman’s Wood-Fired Bagels . We’re particularly partial to the one with pork roll and bodega sauce. Your taste buds can thank us later.

Pork roll and bodega sauce on a breakfast sandwich? We’re not in Brunswick anymore

Ling-Wen Tsai, “Rising/Sinking Study Chair,” wood and milk paint, 12 x 12 x 5 inches. Photo courtesy of Corey Daniels Gallery

Farther south in Wells, check out “Life Forms,” a women’s sculpture collective at the Corey Daniels Gallery. You’ll see works by about a dozen artists as you make your way through the exhibit.

Women’s sculpture collective debuts work in Wells

U.S. Navy Band Country Current performing in Tennessee. Photo by Petty Officer 1st Class April Enos

For some Sunday afternoon live tunes, head to Memorial Park in Freeport at 3 p.m. for a free performance by Country Current . The band is the only U.S. Navy country/bluegrass ensemble, and the show should be a foot-stomping good time.

See U.S. Navy band Country Current for free in Freeport

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• Cast & crew
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A Real Pain

Mismatched cousins David and Benji reunite for a tour through Poland to honor their beloved grandmother. The adventure takes a turn when the odd-couple's old tensions resurface against the b... Read all Mismatched cousins David and Benji reunite for a tour through Poland to honor their beloved grandmother. The adventure takes a turn when the odd-couple's old tensions resurface against the backdrop of their family history. Mismatched cousins David and Benji reunite for a tour through Poland to honor their beloved grandmother. The adventure takes a turn when the odd-couple's old tensions resurface against the backdrop of their family history.

• Jesse Eisenberg
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• 1 User review
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• 1 win & 1 nomination

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Benji Kaplan : This, people, is what fucking film making is about.

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• How long is A Real Pain? Powered by Alexa
• November 1, 2024 (United States)
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A Guided Tour Through Arena

Sep 18, 2012

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A Guided Tour Through Arena. Chapter 3. Last revision June 7, 2003. What We’ll Do . Start Arena Load, explore, run an existing model Basically the same model as for the hand simulation in Chapter 2 Browse dialogs and menus Run the model Look at results

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• multiple model windows
• editing flowchart modules
• max arrivals
• different types
• various information

Presentation Transcript

A Guided Tour Through Arena Chapter 3 Last revision June 7, 2003 Chapter 3 – A Guided Tour Through Arena

What We’ll Do ... • Start Arena • Load, explore, run an existing model • Basically the same model as for the hand simulation in Chapter 2 • Browse dialogs and menus • Run the model • Look at results • Construct the same model from scratch • Tour menus, toolbars, drawing, printing • Help system • Options for running and control Chapter 3 – A Guided Tour Through Arena

Behavior of Arena • Arena is a true Windows application • Appearance, operation, functions, are standard • Interoperability with other software (MS Office, CAD) • Interact, communicate with other software (Chapter 10) • Assume you already know basics of Windows: • Disks, files, folders, paths • Mousing, keyboarding • Resizing, moving, maximizing, minimizing windows • Menu operations • Ctrl, Alt, Shift keys • Cut, copy, paste • Filling out dialog fields Chapter 3 – A Guided Tour Through Arena

Starting Up • Installing Arena – Appendix E • Locate icon or shortcut; double-click • Or, Start > Programs > Rockwell Software > Arena 7.0 > Arena 7.01 • Licensed vs. Academic, Evaluation mode • See File, View, Tools, Help menus • Other menus present if a model file is open • Toolbars with buttons • Unless a model file is open, only New model file, Open model file, Template Attach/Detach, Context Help (click it, then click on buttons or menu items) • Tooltips – roll over toolbar buttons for names • Quitting Arena: File > Exit or Alt+F4 or top right button Chapter 3 – A Guided Tour Through Arena

Opening an Existing Model • File > Open … or button • Navigate to desired disk/directory • Click > Open or double-click Model 03-01.doe • Book models: Rockwell Software\Arena 7.0\Book Examples • More examples: Rockwell Software\Arena 7.0\Examples • Model window (usually on right side of Arena window) • Where model is built • Resize, maximize, minimize, scroll/pan, zoom • Can have multiple model windows open at once • Cut, Copy, Paste within Arena, and between Arena and other applications (when sensible) Why the .doe default extension to Arena model filenames? Chapter 3 – A Guided Tour Through Arena

Flowchart and Spreadsheet Views • Model window split into two views • Flowchart view • Graphics • Process flowchart • Animation, drawing • Edit things by double-clicking on them, get into a dialog • Spreadsheet view • Displays model data directly • Can edit, add, delete data in spreadsheet view • Displays all similar kinds of modeling elements at once • Many model parameters can be edited in either view • Horizontal splitter bar to apportion the two views • View > Split Screen (or push ) to see both flowchart and spreadsheet views (otherwise, get just flowchart view) Chapter 3 – A Guided Tour Through Arena

Project Bar • Usually down the left edge of Arena window • Hosts panels with modeling building blocks: modules • Both flowchart and spreadsheet modules • Displays one panel at a time • Switch to different panels via horizontal buttons • Panels for Basic Process, Reports (after running), Navigate (to different views within a model or to different hierarchical submodels), … others can be attached (Template Attach button ) for different modeling levels, specialties • Usually docked to left edge but can move, float • Hide it via View > Project Bar or its own small Chapter 3 – A Guided Tour Through Arena

Status Bar • At very bottom of Arena window • Displays various information sensitive to status • Coordinates of cursor in “worldspace” • Simulation clock value, replication number being executed, number of replications to be done, when simulation is running • Hide by clearing (unchecking) View > Status Bar Chapter 3 – A Guided Tour Through Arena

Moving Around, Up, Downin Flowchart View of Model Window • Underlying world space for model • (x, y) coordinates, arbitrary units (thousands in each direction) • Pan with scroll bars, arrow keys • Zoom in (down): or + key • Zoom out (up): or – key • See all at min altitude: or * key • Named views • Save a pan/zoom view for different parts of model • Assign a Hot key (case-sensitive) • Access via View > Named Views … or ? key • Display grid ( ), snap to grid ( ) toggles To navigate via keyboard, the model window must be active ... click in it. Chapter 3 – A Guided Tour Through Arena

Modules • Basic building blocks of a simulation model • Two basic types: flowchart and data • Different types of modules for different actions, specifications • “Blank” modules are on the Project Bar • To add a flowchart module to your model, drag it from the Project Bar into the flowchart view of the model window • Can have many instances of the same kind of flowchart module in your model • To use a data module, select it (single-click) in the Project Bar and edit in the spreadsheet view of the model window • Only one instance of each kind of data module in your model, but it can have many entries (rows) in the spreadsheet view • Can edit via dialog – double-click on number in leftmost column Chapter 3 – A Guided Tour Through Arena

Flowchart Modules • Describe dynamic processes • Nodes/places through which entities flow • Typically connected to each other in some way • Basic Process panel flowchart module types: • Create, Dispose, Process, Decide, Batch, Separate, Assign, Record • Other panels – many other kinds • Shape like flowcharting (also use colors for hints) • Two ways to edit • Double-click to open up, then fill out dialogs • Select (single-click) a module type in model or Project Bar, get all modules of that type in the spreadsheet view Chapter 3 – A Guided Tour Through Arena

Data Modules • Set values, conditions, etc. for whole model • No entity flow, no connections • Basic Process panel data module types: • Entity, Queue, Resource, Variable, Schedule, Set • Other panels – many other kinds • Icons in Project Bar look like little spreadsheets • To use a data module, select it (single-click) in the Project Bar, edit in spreadsheet view • Can edit via dialog – double-click in leftmost column • Double-click where indicated to add new row • Right-click on row, column to do different things • Only one instance of each kind of data module in a model • But each one can have many entries (rows) Chapter 3 – A Guided Tour Through Arena

Relations Among Modules • Flowchart and data modules are related via names for objects • Queues, Resources, Entity types, Variables … others • Arena keeps internal lists of different kinds of names • Presents existing lists to you where appropriate • Helps you remember names, protects you from typos • All names you make up in a model must be unique across the model, even across different types of modules Chapter 3 – A Guided Tour Through Arena

Internal Model Documentation • Data Tips on modules, graphics – hover mouse over object to see • Default part – generic info on object (name, type) • User-defined part – right-click on object, select Properties, enter text under Property Description • Toggle display of Data tips via View > Data Tips • Project Description – Run > Setup > Project Parameters, enter text under Project Description • Model Documentation Report – Tools > Model Documentation Report • Generates HTML file with model details (can choose which kinds of details to include) Chapter 3 – A Guided Tour Through Arena

Browsing Through Model 3-1 • Open Model 03-01.mod (in Book Examples folder) • Three flowchart modules (Create, Process, Dispose) • Entries in three data modules (Entity, Queue, Resource) • Animation objects • Resource animation • Two plots • Some (passive) labels, artwork Chapter 3 – A Guided Tour Through Arena

The Create Flowchart Module • “Birth” node for entities • Gave this instance of the Create-type module the Name Part Arrives to System • If we had other Create modules (we don’t) they’d all have different Names • Double-click on module to open property dialog: Chapter 3 – A Guided Tour Through Arena

The Create Flowchart Module (cont’d.) • Name – for module (type it in, overriding default) • Entity Type – enter a descriptive name • Can have multiple Entity Types with distinct names • Time Between Arrivals area • Specify nature of the time separating consecutive arrivals • Type – pull-down list with several options • Value – depends on Type … for Random (Expo) is mean • Units – time units for Value • Entities per Arrival – constant, random variable, very general “Expression” (more later …) • Max Arrivals – choke off arrivals (from this source) after this many entities • First Creation – time of first arrival (need not be 0) Chapter 3 – A Guided Tour Through Arena

Editing Flowchart Modules in the Spreadsheet View • Alternative to dialog for each instance of a module type • See all instances of a module type at once • Convenient for seeing, editing lots of things at once • Selecting a module in either flowchart or spreadsheet view also selects it in the other view • Click, double-click fields to view, edit • Right-click in row to Edit via Dialog, define a user Data Tip (via Properties) • Right-click in expression fields to get Expression Builder for help in constructing complex expressions with Arena variables (more later …) Chapter 3 – A Guided Tour Through Arena

The Entity Data Module • A data module, so edit in spreadsheet view only • View, edit aspects of different Types of entities in your model (we have just one Type, Part) • Pull-down lists activated as you select fields • Our only edit – Initial Picture for animation • We picked Picture.Blue Ball from the default list Chapter 3 – A Guided Tour Through Arena

The Process Flowchart Module • Represents the machine, including the resource, queue, and entity delay time (processing) • Enter Name – Drilling Center • Type – picked Standard to define logic here rather than in a submodel (more later …) • Report Statistics check box at bottom • To get utilizations, queue lengths, queue waiting times, etc. Chapter 3 – A Guided Tour Through Arena

The Process Flowchart Module (cont’d.) • Logic area – what happens to entities here • Action • Seize Delay Release – entity Seizes some number of units of a Resource (maybe after a wait in queue), Delay itself there for the processing time, then Release the units of the Resource it had Seized – we chose this option • Could just Delay entity (red traffic light) – no Resources or queueing • Could also Seize Delay (no Release … Release downstream) • Could also Delay Release (if Resource had been Seized upstream) • Priority for seizing – lower numbers mean higher priority • Different Action choices could allow stringing together several Process modules for modeling flexibility • Resources – define Resource(s) to be seized, released • Double-click on row to open subdialog • Define Resource Name, Quantity of units to be Seized/Released here • Several Resources present (Add) – entities must first Seize all Chapter 3 – A Guided Tour Through Arena

The Process Flowchart Module (cont’d.) • Delay Type – choice of probability distributions, constant or general Expression (more later …) • Units – time units for the delay (don’t ignore) • Allocation – how to “charge” delay in costing (more later …) • Prompts on next line – change depending on choice of Delay Type – specify numerical parameters involved • Can also edit in spreadsheet view • Subdialogs (e.g., Resource here) become secondary spreadsheets that pop up, must be closed Chapter 3 – A Guided Tour Through Arena

The Resource Data Module • Defining the Drilling Center Resource in the Process module automatically creates an entry (row) for it in the Resource data module • Can edit it here for more options • Type – could vary capacity via a Schedule instead of having a fixed Capacity • Would define the Schedule via Schedule data module … more later • Failures – could cause resource to fail according to some pattern • Define this pattern via Failure data module (Advanced Process panel) … more later Chapter 3 – A Guided Tour Through Arena

The Queue Data Module • Specify aspects of the queues in the model • We only have one, named Drilling Center.Queue (the default name given the Process name) • Type – specifies queue discipline or ranking rule • If Lowest or Highest Attribute Value, then another field appears where you specify which attribute • Shared – it this queue will be shared among several resources (more later …) • Report Statistics – check to get automatic collection and reporting of queue length, time in queue Chapter 3 – A Guided Tour Through Arena

Animating Resources and Queues • Got queue animation automatically by specifying a Seize in the Process module • Entity pictures (blue balls) will line up here in animation • Don’t get Resource animation automatically • To add it, use Resource button in Animate toolbar … get Resource Picture Placement dialog • Identifier – link to Resource name in pull-down list • Specify different pictures for Idle, Busy state • For pre-defined artwork, Open a picture library (.plb filename extension) • Scroll up/down on right, select (single-click) a picture on right, select Idle or Busy state on left, then to copy the picture • To edit later, double-click on picture in flowchart view Chapter 3 – A Guided Tour Through Arena

The Dispose Flowchart Module • Represents entities leaving model boundaries • Name the module • Decide on Record Entity Statistics (average and maximum time in system of entities exiting here, costing information) • Check boxes for statistics collection and reporting: • Most are checked (turned on) by default • Little or no modeling effort to say yes to these • However, in some models this can slow execution markedly • Moral – if you have speed problems, clear these if you don’t care about them Chapter 3 – A Guided Tour Through Arena

Connecting Flowchart Modules • Establishes the (fixed) sequence of flowchart modules through which entities will flow • To make a connection • Click Connect button (or Object > Connect) • Cursor changes to cross hairs • Click on exit point from source module, then entry point on destination module • Make intermediate clicks for non-straight line in segments • Object menu toggles • Auto-Connect – automatically connect entry point of newly placed module from exit point of selected module • Smart Connect – force segments to horizontal/vertical • Animate Connectors – show entities moving along connectors (zero time for statistics collection) Chapter 3 – A Guided Tour Through Arena

Dynamic Plots • Trace variables, queues as simulation runs – a kind of “data animation” • Disappear after run is ended (to keep, must save data, postprocess via Output Analyzer — later) • Plot button from Animate toolbar… “Add” for • Expression to plot (help via Expression Builder … later) • Min/Max y-axis values (initially guesses, maybe revise) • Arena can do this automatically and dynamically in Plot dialog • Number of “corners” to show (# History Points) at a time • Stepped option (for piecewise-constant curves) • Colors • In Plot dialog – Time Range (x axis), cosmetics, automatic scaling options • Drop plot in via crosshairs (resize, move later) Chapter 3 – A Guided Tour Through Arena

Dressing Things Up • Add drawing objects from Draw toolbar • Similar to other drawing, CAD packages • Object-oriented drawing tools (layers, etc.), not just a painting tool • Add Text to annotate things • Control font, size, color, orientation Chapter 3 – A Guided Tour Through Arena

Setting the Run Conditions • Run > Setup menu dialog – five tabs • Project Parameters – Title, your name, output statistics, Project Description • Replication Parameters • Number of Replications • Initialization options Between Replications • Start Date/Time to associate with start of simulation • Warm-up Period (when statistics are cleared) • Length of Replication (and Time Units) • Base Time Units (output measures, internal computations) • Hours per “Day” (convenience for 16-hour days, etc.) • Terminating Condition (complex stopping rules) • Other tabs for animation speed, run conditions, reporting • Terminating your simulation: • You must specify – part of modeling • Arena has no default termination • If you don’t specify termination, Arena will usually keep running forever Chapter 3 – A Guided Tour Through Arena

Running It • Plain-vanilla run: Click from Standard toolbar (like audio/video players) • First time or after changes: Check • Enters run mode— can move around but not edit • Speed up (> on keyboard) or slow down (<) animation display • When done, asked if you want to see summary reports • Click to get out of run mode (can’t edit until you do) • Can pause run with or Esc key • Other run control, viewing, checking options Chapter 3 – A Guided Tour Through Arena

Viewing the Reports • Click Yes in the Arena box at the end of the run • Opens up a new reports window (separate from model window) inside the Arena window • Project Bar shows Reports panel, with different reports (each one would be a new window) • Remember to close all reports windows before future runs • Default installation shows Category Overview report – summarizes many things about the run • Reports have “page” to browse ( and ) • Also, “table contents” tree at left for quick jumps via , • Times are in Base Time Units for the model Chapter 3 – A Guided Tour Through Arena

Viewing the Reports – Examples • Entity  Time  Total Time  Part: • Avg. time in system was 6.4397 min., max was 12.6185 • Resource  Usage  Instantaneous Utilization  Drill Press: • Utilization was 0.9171 (busy 91.71% of the time) • Process  Other  Number In  Drilling Center: • During the run, 7 parts entered the Drilling Center • Process  Other  Number Out  Drilling Center: • 5 entities left the Drilling Center (so were produced) • Entity  Time  Wait Time  Part: • Avg. wait time in all queues was 3.0340 min. (counts only entities that left the system, but Queue  Time  Waiting Time  Drilling Center.Queue counts all entities that left this queue, so can differ) • Entity  Other  Wip  Part: • Average Work in Process was 1.7060, max WIP was 4 Chapter 3 – A Guided Tour Through Arena

Types of Statistics Reported • Many output statistics are one of three types: • Tally – avg., max, min of a discrete list of numbers • Used for discrete-time output processes like waiting times in queue, total times in system • Time-persistent – time-average, max, min of a plot of something where the x-axis is continuous time • Used for continuous-time output processes like queue lengths, WIP, server-busy functions (for utilizations) • Counter – accumulated sums of something, usually just nose counts of how many times something happened • Often used to count entities passing through a point in the model Chapter 3 – A Guided Tour Through Arena

More on Reports and their Files • Reports we just saw – based on a MS Access database that Arena writes as it runs • Can be saved and viewed later • Viewing within Arena done via Crystal Reports to query the Access database • Arena also produces a plain-text summary report (.out filename extension) • Was in previous versions of Arena, underlying SIMAN simulation language • Fairly cryptic, but gives quick view of lots of output data • Get multiple reports for multiple replications • “Half Width” columns – for confidence intervals on outputs in long-run simulations … more later Chapter 3 – A Guided Tour Through Arena

Build It Yourself • Build the same model from scratch – see book for more detail • Handy user-interface tricks: • Right-click in an empty spot in flowchart view – small box of options, including Repeat Last Action … useful in repetitive editing like placing lots of the same module type • Ctrl+D or Ins key – duplicates whatever’s selected in flowchart view, offsetting it a bit … usually drag elsewhere and edit • Open a new (blank) model window – name it, save it, maybe maximize it • Attach modeling panels you’ll need to Project Bar if they’re not there Chapter 3 – A Guided Tour Through Arena

Build It Yourself (cont’d.) • Place and connect flowchart modules • Edit flowchart and data modules as needed • Experiment with Expression Builder – right-click in expression field • Add plots, animation, artwork • Add named views (? key or View > Named Views) • Name, hot key (case-sensitive) – useful in big models • Edit Run > Setup dialog • “Displays” in text • Compact way of saying what needs to be done in a dialog • Omits Arena defaults • Shows completed dialogs Chapter 3 – A Guided Tour Through Arena

Display for the Create Module Chapter 3 – A Guided Tour Through Arena

Display for the Process Module Chapter 3 – A Guided Tour Through Arena

Display for the Dispose Module Chapter 3 – A Guided Tour Through Arena

Display for the Queue-Length Plot Chapter 3 – A Guided Tour Through Arena

Expression Builder for Queue-Length-Plot Expression Chapter 3 – A Guided Tour Through Arena

More on Menus – File Menu • Model-file management • Template attach/detach • DXF import (from CAD packages), Visio import • Color palettes • Printing • E-mail open model file • Recent models • Exit from Arena Chapter 3 – A Guided Tour Through Arena

Edit Menu • Undo/Redo • Cut/Copy/Paste • Paste Link (create OLE link) • Duplicate, Delete selection • Select/Deselect All • Entity Pictures – change content, definition of pictures presented in Entity data module • Calendar Schedules – specify complex time patterns in hierarchies (weeks are made of days, which are made of shifts, etc.), exceptions (holidays), view composite net effect Chapter 3 – A Guided Tour Through Arena

Edit Menu (cont’d.) • Find – searches all modules and animation objects for a text string … useful for finding wrong names, typos after an error message from Arena • Properties – display internal Arena object properties • Links – to link to other files (spreadsheets, sounds, etc.) • Insert New Object – from other applications (e.g., graphics) • Object – edit object imported from another application Chapter 3 – A Guided Tour Through Arena

View Menu • Zooming – discussed before • Zoom Factor – step size when zooming • Views – canned Arena views of flowchart view • Named Views – define, change, use views • Grid/Snap/Grid Settings – control grid, snapping • Page breaks – shows page breaks if printed • Data Tips – toggles display of Data Tips • Layers – which objects show up in which mode • Split Screen – toggle for viewing both flowchart and spreadsheet views, or just one of them • Toolbars – decide which toolbars show up • Project/Status Bar – toggle to show up or not Chapter 3 – A Guided Tour Through Arena

Tools Menu • Separate applications for modeling, analysis • Arena Symbol Factory – large collection of graphics in categories, use to create graphical symbols for animation • Input Analyzer – fit probability distributions for input, using field-collected data • Process Analyzer – run, compare many “scenarios” at once • Also Output Analyzer … not on menus ... start from Start menu • Special “editions” of Arena (FactoryAnalyzer, Contact Center) – depends on licensing • Model Documentation Report – generate HTML file with many details of this model Chapter 3 – A Guided Tour Through Arena

Tools Menu (cont’d.) • Import/Export model to/from Database – bring in, save model details to Excel or Access • OptQuest for Arena – separate application that “takes over” running of the model to search for an optimal scenario • Macro – create Visual Basic macros (mini programs), VB editor ... more in Chapter 10 • Options – control many aspects of how Arena works, looks Chapter 3 – A Guided Tour Through Arena

Arrange Menu • For modeling, graphics objects – first select object(s) • Bring object to Front, Send it to Back — for “stacking” effects • Group, Ungroup • Flip around Vertical, Horizontal line • Rotate object (90° clockwise) • Align objects on top, bottom, left, or right edges • Distribute objects evenly (horizontally, vertically) • Flowchart Alignment – arrange flowchart modules (horizontally, vertically) • Snap to Grid the selected object(s) • Change Snap Point on object that gets snapped Chapter 3 – A Guided Tour Through Arena

Object Menu • Connect tool – changes cursor to cross hairs • Auto-Connect newly placed module to selected module – toggle on/off • Smart Connect – new connections in horizontal/vertical segments rather than one diagonal segment – toggle on/off • Animate Connectors – to show entities moving (at infinite speed for statistics collection) • Submodel – define and manage hierarchical submodels (see Chapter 5) Chapter 3 – A Guided Tour Through Arena

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A Guided Tour Through Arena

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