travel to jamaica vaccine requirements

Your browser is not supported for this experience. We recommend using Chrome, Firefox, Edge, or Safari.

Explore The Island Guide

Subscribe to e-newsletter, book your trip, entry requirements, good to know.

Entry requirements differ for travellers depending on your country of citizenship and/or residency.

U.S. Citizens traveling to and from Jamaica must present a valid passport when leaving and or re-entering the United States.  Residents must present their Alien Resident Card (Green Card) together with passport of country for which they hold citizenship.

Canadian Citizens: Valid passport or a government-issued identification with photograph, along with an official birth certificate. Canadian residents must present a Canadian Permanent Resident Card and a passport showing country of citizenship.

All visitors are required to travel with a return ticket or onward ticket for entry into Jamaica.

For more information on the specific documents needed to travel to Jamaica visit the Travel Documents  page on the Passport, Immigration and Citizenship Agency's website  Visitors traveling via airlines can also go to  www.iatatravelcentre.com  to review travel document requirements.

Unconditional Landing: Unconditional Landing is a facility offered to foreign nationals to stay in Jamaica. The Unconditional Landing is a type of extended stay which allows persons who are Jamaican by birth, by descent, or naturalization to work and attend school in Jamaica. This stay is also offered to CARICOM Nationals. Applications can be submitted to the Passport Immigration and Citizenship Agency with the requisite documentation.

Travel Requiring Visas The Jamaican Embassies, High Commissions and Consulates are happy to assist travelers to Jamaica for business and leisure purposes. You may connect with the nearest office, from the links below, to apply for your travel documents for Jamaica. 

Jamaica Embassies and High Commissions

Consulates and Consulates-General

Online Passenger Declaration (C5) Form

Island guide, experiences in jamaica: blue hole.

Blue Hole is one of those breathtaking water attractions in Jamaica that’s a favorite for…

Experience A Jamaican Oasis Fit For The Entire Family

Something For Everyone Awaits in Jamaica According to findings from the American Academy of…

Adventure in the Sun at Chukka Ocean Outpost at Sandy Bay

Longing for vast open-air spaces, gorgeous views, and fast-paced adventure to fling me from what has…

Adventures at Blue Hole in Ochos Rios, Jamaica

To the south of Ocho Rios, hidden in the looming mountains, lie pools of crystalline turquoise…

The Secret to True Jamaican Jerk

Jamaica. The name instantly evokes an image of pristine waters embraced by immaculate sandy shores…

Jamaica is Just as Awesome Beyond the Beaches

Whilst the world may be most familiar with Jamaica through a sun-drenched lens of lazy, beach…

Jamaica’s Diverse Attractions Offer Something for All Cruisegoers

From Montego Bay to Ocho Rios, Kingston to Port Antonio, cruise passengers disembarking in Jamaica…

Experience Jamaica Beyond the All-inclusives

(via The Planet D) The Jamaican vacation you know is the one with the four S’s. You…

How to Experience Jamaica’s Living Maroon Culture

Image by: Joshua Cogan Looking to experience something new on your next vacation to Jamaica?…

Jamaica’s Rare and Endemic Species—and Where You Can Find Them

Image by: Joshua Cogan Did you know that Jamaica Ranks 5 th among the world islands in terms of…

Five Great Nature Hikes with Community Guides

Image by: Joshua Cogan Are you seeking an excursion through the rainforest of Jamaica with a…

Explore Rastafarian Culture at Rastafari Indigenous Village

Do you seek an authentic cultural experience or ways to immerse yourself in the community and…

Travel Vaccines and Advice for Jamaica

Jamaica is a popular travel destination due to its lush mountains, rain forests, and sandy beaches. The Caribbean island has dozens of tourist spots and luxury resorts. It is the perfect spot for young-adults and families alike.

Jamaica also has a rich history of British colonization and in music- it is the birthplace of reggae. The Bob Marley Museum is located in their capital of Kingston.

On This Page: Do I Need Vaccines for Jamaica? Other Ways to Stay Healthy in Jamaica Do I Need a Visa or Passport to Enter Jamaica? What is the Climate in Jamaica? Is It Safe to Travel to Jamaica? Visit Beautiful Ocho Rios What Should I Pack for Jamaica? U.S. Embassy in Jamaica

Do I Need Vaccines for Jamaica?

Yes, some vaccines are recommended or required for Jamaica. The CDC and WHO recommend the following vaccinations for Jamaica: typhoid , hepatitis A , polio , yellow fever , chikungunya , rabies , hepatitis B , influenza , COVID-19 , pneumonia , meningitis , chickenpox , shingles , Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis) and measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) .

See the bullets below to learn more about some of these key immunizations:

• Typhoid – Food & Water – Shot lasts 2 years. Oral vaccine lasts 5 years, must be able to swallow pills. Oral doses must be kept in refrigerator.
• Hepatitis A – Food & Water – Recommended for most travelers.
• Polio – Food & Water – Due to an increase in cases globally, an additional adult booster is recommended for most travelers to any destination.
• Yellow Fever – Mosquito – Required if traveling from a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
• Chikungunya – Mosquito – Few cases reported since 2016. Increased risk for those who may be in more rural areas.
• Rabies – Saliva of Infected Animals – Vaccine recommended for long-term travelers and those who may come in contact with animals.
• Hepatitis B – Blood & Body Fluids – Recommended for travelers to most regions.
• Influenza – Airborne – Vaccine components change annually.
• COVID-19 – Airborne – Recommended for travel to all regions, both foreign and domestic.
• Pneumonia – Airborne – Two vaccines given separately. All 65+ or immunocompromised should receive both.
• Meningitis – Direct Contact & Airborne – Given to anyone unvaccinated or at an increased risk, especially students.
• Chickenpox – Direct Contact & Airborne – Given to those unvaccinated that did not have chickenpox.
• Shingles – Direct Contact – Vaccine can still be given if you have had shingles.
• Polio – Food & Water – Considered a routine vaccination for most travel itineraries. Single adult booster recommended.
• TDAP (Tetanus, Diphtheria & Pertussis) – Wounds & Airborne – Only one adult booster of pertussis required.
• Measles Mumps Rubella (MMR) – Various Vectors – Given to anyone unvaccinated and/or born after 1957. One time adult booster recommended.

See the table below for more information:

Specific Vaccine Information

• Typhoid – Typhoid, caused by Salmonella Typhi, spreads via contaminated food and water, especially in areas with poor sanitation. Protect yourself by practicing good hygiene and safe food habits. Vaccination can significantly reduce the risk of typhoid infection, especially when traveling to endemic areas.
• Hepatitis A – Hepatitis A is a highly contagious liver infection caused by the hepatitis A virus. It’s typically spread through contaminated food or water. The hepatitis A vaccine is a safe and effective immunization that protects against the virus, usually given in two shots for long-term prevention.
• Chikungunya – Chikungunya, a viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes, can be prevented by minimizing mosquito exposure and eliminating breeding sites. Vaccination is considered the best form of protection.
• Rabies – Rabies is a deadly viral disease that affects mammals and spreads through the saliva of infected animals, primarily through bites or scratches. Preventing rabies involves vaccinating pets, avoiding contact with wild animals, and seeking immediate medical attention if exposed. The rabies vaccine is a crucial preventive measure that stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies against the virus.
• Hepatitis B – Hepatitis B is a serious liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus, primarily spread through blood and bodily fluids. The hepatitis B vaccine, given in a series of injections, effectively prevents the infection, offering long-term protection against this potentially life-threatening disease.
• Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) – Measles, mumps, and rubella are highly contagious diseases with potentially severe consequences. Preventing their transmission is possible through vaccination with the MMR vaccine. This two-dose vaccine not only safeguards individuals but also helps create herd immunity, reducing the risk of outbreaks within communities.

Dengue and Zika are two common mosquito-borne diseases found in Jamaica. Make sure you bring mosquito repellents or netting and avoid being outside at dawn or dusk. Women who are pregnant or may become pregnant should avoid travel to the region as Zika can cause birth defects.

See our vaccinations page to learn more about these infections and vaccines. Ready to protect yourself? Book your travel health appointment today by calling or schedule online now .

Other Ways to Stay Healthy in Jamaica

Prevent bug bites in jamaica.

To ward off bug bites, follow CDC advice: wear long clothing, use screens, and remove standing water. Opt for EPA-registered repellents with DEET, picaridin, or OLE for protection. If bitten, wash the area, avoid scratching, and apply remedies. Seek medical help for severe reactions.

Food and Water Safety in Jamaica

When traveling, prioritize food safety with CDC’s advice: consume fully cooked foods, avoid raw seafood, and pick clean eateries. Opt for bottled drinks, exercise caution with ice, and practice responsible alcohol consumption. Prevent travelers’ diarrhea by maintaining good hand hygiene and avoiding street food in unsanitary conditions.

Infections To Be Aware of in Jamaica

• Dengue – Dengue fever, caused by Aedes mosquito bites, poses a significant global health risk. Preventative measures, including avoiding mosquito bites, are crucial due to the lack of direct antiviral treatments.
• Zika – Zika, a mosquito-borne virus, can lead to severe health issues and is primarily spread through mosquito bites. To prevent Zika, individuals should use mosquito repellent and wear protective clothing while traveling, and pregnant women should avoid affected areas and practice safe sex.

Do I Need a Visa or Passport to Enter Jamaica?

A passport is required for entry to Jamaica. A visa is only needed for stays over 90 days.

Sources: Embassy of Jamaica and U.S. State Department

Passports must be valid at the time of entry and you must have at least one blank page for entry and exit stamps. Some countries are very strict about passport condition. If your passport has been damaged in any way, consider receiving a new one.

What is the Climate in Jamaica?

Jamaica has a tropical climate which varies in temperature from warm too hot. Central areas with a higher elevation tend to have cooler temperatures. In winter, travelers can expect cooler temperatures in the morning and evening. But, it is still hot.

May through November are wetter months where short showers occur often. June through September is the hurricane. While hurricanes rarely make landfall in Jamaica, it is best to be prepared.

December through April is the best times to visit due to the lack of extreme weather conditions.

Is It Safe to Travel to Jamaica?

Areas such as Kingston and Montego Bay tend to experience high crime rates. Avoid traveling outside of resorts unless it is an official outing or excursion. Exercise caution at all times.

Be careful when traveling at night. Never travel alone and be sure to travel in groups, even during the day.

Before booking, make sure your resort has met the Jamaica Tourist Board’s safety standards.

Petty theft and scams are common, especially in tourist areas. Be aware of your surroundings at all times.

Visit Beautiful Ocho Rios

Avoid an embarrassing stop, over 70% of travelers will have diarrhea., get protected with passport health’s travelers’ diarrhea kit .

Ocho Rios is a fun place to visit in Jamaica for many reasons.

One is to climb Dunn’s River Falls, which is a big waterfall. You can go swimming at the beaches, like James Bond Beach or Turtle Beach.

You can also go on adventures in the rainforest at Mystic Mountain. They have zip-lining, bobsledding, and chairlift rides. You might like to go to Dolphin Cove, a park where you can swim with dolphins, sharks, and stingrays.

There are also places to go shopping for souvenirs and local things, like the Ocho Rios Craft Park or Island Village. You can also try Jamaican food and drinks at many restaurants and bars.

What Should I Pack for Jamaica?

Jamaica is one of the most popular tourist destinations in the world. But, it’s important to make sure you pack some of these items to make sure your trip is a success:

• Insect repellent to protect against mosquitoes which could carry disease.
• A beach bag for carrying sunscreen, towels, and other beach essentials.
• Water shoes for any rocky shores and excursions so your feet don’t become cut.
• Waterproof bags to protect electronics while at the beach.
• Light-colored, thin clothing to protect against the sun and help remain cool.
• Warm clothes for cooler temperatures at night.

U.S. Embassy in Jamaica

All Americans visiting Jamaica should register online with the U.S. Department of State before departure. This will inform the office of your travel plans within the country and will allow them to reach out in the case of an emergency or evacuation.

Once in Jamaica, the information for the U.S. Embassy is:

U.S. Embassy Kingston 142 Old Hope Road Kingston 6 Jamaica, West Indies Telephone: +(876) 702-6000 Emergency After-Hours Telephone: +(876) 702-6000 Fax: +(876) 702-6018

The embassy doesn’t book trips or give tourist information. They also can’t help with visas for non-U.S. citizens. To know more about the embassy’s services, visit their website or call them.

Stay safe abroad with Passport Health. Call or book online now and start traveling safely today!

Customer Reviews

Passport health – travel vaccines for jamaica.

• Records Requests
• Passport Health App
• Privacy Center
• Online Store

Jamaica Travel Restrictions

Traveler's COVID-19 vaccination status

Traveling from the United States to Jamaica

Open for vaccinated visitors

COVID-19 testing

Not required

Not required for vaccinated visitors

Restaurants

Recommended in enclosed environments.

Documents & Additional resources

Ready to travel, find flights to jamaica, find stays in jamaica, explore more countries on travel restrictions map, destinations you can travel to now, dominican republic, netherlands, philippines, puerto rico, switzerland, united arab emirates, united kingdom, know when to go.

Sign up for email alerts as countries begin to open - choose the destinations you're interested in so you're in the know.

Can I travel to Jamaica from the United States?

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Jamaica.

Can I travel to Jamaica if I am vaccinated?

Fully vaccinated visitors from the United States can enter Jamaica without restrictions.

Can I travel to Jamaica without being vaccinated?

Unvaccinated visitors from the United States can enter Jamaica without restrictions.

Do I need a COVID test to enter Jamaica?

Visitors from the United States are not required to present a negative COVID-19 PCR test or antigen result upon entering Jamaica.

Can I travel to Jamaica without quarantine?

Travelers from the United States are not required to quarantine.

Do I need to wear a mask in Jamaica?

Mask usage in Jamaica is recommended in enclosed environments.

Are the restaurants and bars open in Jamaica?

Restaurants in Jamaica are open. Bars in Jamaica are .

We’re sorry, this site is currently experiencing technical difficulties. Please try again in a few moments. Exception: request blocked

• Inspiration
• Destinations
• Places To Stay
• Style & Culture
• Food & Drink
• Wellness & Spas
• News & Advice
• Partnerships
• Traveller's Directory
• Travel Tips
• Competitions

Jamaica entry requirements: what do I need to visit?

As of Monday 4 October 2021, the UK’s traffic light system for travel has been scrapped. Now, there is simply a red list and a ‘rest of world’ list (which includes countries previously on the green and amber lists). Jamaica is now on this ‘rest of world’ list, so while travel there from the UK is now allowed, there are still some restrictions.

What do I need to know and do before I arrive in Jamaica?

Until Friday 29 October, anyone who has been in Argentina , Brazil , Chile , Colombia , Paraguay or Peru within 14 days of their intended date of entry to Jamaica will not be permitted entry unless they are a Jamaican citizen.

All travellers to Jamaica must apply for and obtain a Travel Authorization from the Visit Jamaica website, while travellers age 12 and above are required to show proof of a negative Covid-19 PCR or Antigen test taken within three days before arrival. Jamaica is currently operating a ‘Resilient Corridor’ system, whereby tourism services permitted to accept guests have been thoroughly inspected and are compliant with the required standards of training, protective equipment and processes under Covid-19 protocols designed and approved by The World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC). The Resilient Corridors include the coastline from Negril to Port Antonio (North Coast Corridor) and from Milk River to Negril (South Coast Corridor).

Visitors staying in the Resilient Corridors don’t need to quarantine – and can move freely around within the ‘corridor’, visiting approved attractions. Fully vaccinated travellers staying outside of the Resilient Corridors must quarantine on arrival for eight days, while unvaccinated travellers must do so for 14.

What do I need to know and do before I return to the UK from Jamaica?  

Fully vaccinated travellers returning to the UK from Jamaica must provide a Passenger Locator Form on return. Since Sunday 24 October, a lateral flow test has replaced a PCR test, to be taken on or before day two after return, and the results must be registered online . Travellers who are not fully vaccinated must still take a pre-departure test and PCR tests on or before days two and eight, as well as isolate for 10 days (with the option to test for release from day five, unless you are in Northern Ireland where this is not available). The UK’s travel rules are reviewed every three weeks.

Jamaica’s Travel Advisory for COVID-19

Jamaica is closely monitoring the outbreak of respiratory illness caused by a novel (new) coronavirus (renamed COVID- 19) first identified in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. Cases of COVID-19  are being reported in a growing number of countries internationally. To date, there is no confirmed case of COVID- 19 in Jamaica.

On 30 January 2020, the International Health Regulations Emergency Committee of the World Health Organization declared the outbreak a “Public Health Emergency of International Concern” (PHEIC).

Subsequently, on the 31 January 2020, Jamaica placed a travel  restriction on all persons who have been in China in the 14 days prior to arrival in Jamaica. On the 27 February 2020, the travel restrictions were expanded to include South Korea, Iran, Singapore and Italy. Only persons who are Jamaican Nationals or non Nationals with permanent resident status or marriage exemptions will be landed. These persons will be subject to immediate quarantine for a minimum of 14 days.

Individuals returning from any of these countries who have been granted landing privileges and who show any symptom of the COVID-19 will be placed in immediate isolation. Quarantine facilities for these persons will be designated by the Ministry of Health and Wellness, and persons will be required to adhere to all restrictions, in line with provisions under the Quarantine Act. Isolation facilities are operational at public hospitals.

The Ministry of Health and Wellness, MOHW advises:

• Jamaicans to avoid unnecessary travel to any affected area/ countries with local or community transmission .
• Public Officers should not be granted permission for non essential travel to any country that has been identified in the travel restrictions.
• Avoid close contact with persons with cold and flu like symptoms (coughing, sneezing etc.) especially as they transit through airports;
• Maintain distance of at least 1 meter from any individual with respiratory symptoms;
• Frequently perform hand hygiene by washing hands thoroughly with soap and water or using a hand sanitizer if hands are not visibly soiled, especially after direct contact with ill persons or their environment;
• Avoid touching their faces;
• Persons with symptoms of acute respiratory infection should practice proper cough etiquette, that is, maintain distance from others, cover coughs and sneezes with disposable tissues and discard of it immediately after use, and wear a mask to decrease the spread of droplets to others.
• Travellers should monitor the WHO website for territories with cases and to avoid these areas.
• On return to Jamaica, travellers must indicate on their immigration card, all the countries visited in the previous six weeks and cooperate with the immigration officers and public health officers at the air and sea ports.

The MOHW remains vigilant in its efforts to keep the public safe from the COVID -19.

• Quick Links
• Make An Appointment
• Our Services
• Price Estimate
• Price Transparency
• Pay Your Bill
• Patient Experience
• Careers at UH

Schedule an appointment today

The Caribbean Islands Travel Requirements & Vaccinations

The Caribbean is a region located southeast of the Gulf of Mexico and north of South America that is comprised of more than 700 islands in the Caribbean Sea. Some of the more commonly known destinations in the region include Aruba, Barbados, the Cayman Islands, the Bahamas and Antigua. Spanish, English and French are the predominant languages spoken throughout the region.

The geography of the different islands varies greatly – some regions are relatively flat while others are mountainous or volcanic. Most have picturesque coastlines that may feature islets, coral reefs, cays and seagrass meadows in the shallow waters bordering the islands. Climates are generally tropical in the region but can vary from tropical rainforest in some areas to tropical savanna in others.

Tourist attractions in the Caribbean will differ based on the island you are visiting but most destinations will feature:

• Diverse fish and wildlife populations
• Expansive, sandy beaches
• Cultural events and carnivals

Recommended Vaccines When Traveling to the Caribbean

• Hepatitis A

Travelers may also be advised to ensure they have received the routine vaccinations listed below. Some adults may need to receive a booster for some of these diseases:

• Measles, mumps and rubella (MMR)
• Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis)

Older adults or those with certain medical conditions may also want to ask about being vaccinated for shingles and/or pneumonia.

This information is not intended to replace the advice of a travel medicine professional. Not all of the vaccines listed here will be necessary for every individual.

Talk to the experts at UH Roe Green Center for Travel Medicine & Global Health to determine how each member of your family can obtain maximum protection against illness, disease and injury while traveling, based on age, health, medical history and travel itinerary.

You are using an outdated browser. Upgrade your browser today or install Google Chrome Frame to better experience this site.

Jamaica Healthy Travel Packing List

Pack items for your health and safety.

• You may not be able to purchase and pack all of these items, and some may not be relevant to you and your travel plans. Talk to your doctor about which items are most important for you.
• This list is general and may not include all the items you need. Check our Traveler Information Center for more information if you are a traveler with specific health needs, such as travelers who are pregnant, immune compromised, or traveling for a specific purpose like humanitarian aid work.
• Remember to pack extras of important health supplies in case of travel delays.

Prescription medicines

• Your prescriptions
• Travelers' diarrhea antibiotic
• Suture/syringe kit Kit is for use by local health care provider & requires a letter from your doctor on letterhead stationery
• Altitude sickness medicine

Medical supplies

• Glasses Consider packing spare glasses in case yours are damaged
• Contact lenses Consider packing spare contacts in case yours are damaged
• Needles or syringes (for diabetes, for example) Requires a letter from your doctor on letterhead stationery
• Suture kit Kit is for use by local health care provider & requires a letter from your doctor on letterhead stationery
• Diabetes testing supplies
• Epinephrine auto-injectors (EpiPens)
• Medical alert bracelet or necklace

Over-the-counter medicines

• Antihistamine
• Motion sickness medicine
• Cough drops
• Cough suppression/expectorant
• Decongestant
• Medicine for pain and fever Examples: acetaminophen, aspirin, or ibuprofen
• Mild laxative
• Mild sedative or other sleep aid
• Saline nose spray

Supplies to prevent illness or injury

• Hand sanitizer or wipes Alcohol-based hand sanitizer containing at least 60% alcohol or antibacterial hand wipes
• Water purification tablets See CDC recommendations: Water Disinfection .
• Insect repellent Select an insect repellent based on CDC recommendations: Avoid Bug Bites
• Permethrin Permethrin is insect repellent for clothing. It may be needed if you spend a lot of time outdoors. Clothing can also be treated at home in advance.
• Sunscreen (SPF 15 or greater) with UVA and UVB protection. See Sun Exposure .
• Sunglasses and hat Wear for additional sun protection. A wide brim hat is preferred.
• Personal safety equipment Examples: child safety seats, bicycle helmets
• Latex condoms

First-aid kit

• 1% hydrocortisone cream
• Antifungal ointments
• Antibacterial ointments
• Antiseptic wound cleanser
• Aloe gel For sunburns
• Insect bite treatment Anti-itch gel or cream
• Bandages Multiple sizes, gauze, and adhesive tape
• Moleskin or molefoam for blisters
• Elastic/compression bandage wrap For sprains and strains
• Disposable gloves
• Digital thermometer
• Scissors and safety pins
• Cotton swabs (Q-Tips)
• Oral rehydration salts
• Health insurance documents Health insurance card (your regular plan and/or supplemental travel health insurance plan) and copies of claim forms
• Proof of yellow fever vaccination If required for your trip, take your completed International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis card or medical waiver
• Copies of all prescriptions Make sure prescriptions include generic names. Bring prescriptions for medicines, eye glasses/contacts, and other medical supplies.
• Family member or close contact remaining in the United States
• Health care provider(s) at home
• Lodging at your destination
• Hospitals or clinics (including emergency services) in your destination
• US embassy or consulate in the destination country or countries

Other Destinations

If you need help finding travel information:

Message & data rates may apply. CDC Privacy Policy

File Formats Help:

• Adobe PDF file
• Microsoft PowerPoint file
• Microsoft Word file
• Microsoft Excel file
• Audio/Video file
• Apple Quicktime file
• RealPlayer file
• Zip Archive file

• Skip to main content
• Skip to "About this site"

Language selection

Search travel.gc.ca.

Help us to improve our website. Take our survey !

COVID-19: travel health notice for all travellers

Jamaica travel advice

Latest updates: Editorial change

Last updated: August 7, 2024 15:16 ET

On this page

Safety and security, entry and exit requirements, laws and culture, natural disasters and climate, jamaica - exercise a high degree of caution.

Exercise a high degree of caution in Jamaica due to the high level of violent crime.

Back to top

Violent crime

Violent crime, including armed robbery and murder, is a problem in large cities and tourist areas, including parts of Kingston and Montego Bay, despite the presence of police to counter criminal activity. The availability of firearms is widespread, and most violent drug- and gang-related crimes, especially murder, involve firearms. There is a risk of becoming the victim of crossfire in these areas. Tourists are also at risk of crimes of opportunity, especially theft and robberies.

Crimes tend to be concentrated within what the police refer to as “traditional hot spots” or “high-risk communities”, but can take place anywhere and at any time.

The following areas have a significant gang population and high incidences of violent crime:

Greater Kingston

• Arnett Gardens
• August Town
• Cassava Piece
• Delacree Park
• Denham Town
• Felstead Pen
• Grant’s Pen
• Greenwich Town
• Hannah Town
• Harbour View
• Lower Cockburn Gardens
• Mountain View
• Olympic Gardens
• Rennock Lodge
• Riverton City
• Seaview Gardens
• Tavares Gardens
• Tivoli Gardens
• Trench Town
• Waltham Gardens
• West Kingston
• Whitfield Town

St. Catherine

• Central Village
• Ravensworth
• Spanish Town

Montego Bay

• Hart Street
• Mount Salem
• Norwood Gardens
• Rose Heights
• St. Clavers Avenue

South Coast

If you decide to travel to these areas:

• maintain a high level of personal security awareness at all times
• avoid visiting or travelling at night
• follow the advice of local authorities
• avoid walking alone, even during the day
• go out in groups with people that you know
• avoid visiting isolated areas and beaches

If you’re threatened by robbers, don’t resist, and hand over your cash and valuables. Resistance may provoke the use of violence.

Petty crime

Petty crime, such as pickpocketing and bag snatching, are common in major tourist areas and crowded places.

• Ensure that your belongings and travel documents are secure at all times
• Don’t carry large amounts of cash
• Don’t show signs of affluence
• Use ATMs located in public areas or inside a bank or business
• Protect your cell phone, which is a popular item for theft
• Use the hotel safe to secure your valuables
• Don’t leave valuables in plain view, even while you are in your hotel room
• Enquire with reception upon check-in on security precautions related to theft from hotel rooms 

State of emergency

Local authorities periodically  declare a state of emergency in various parishes  to fight against gang-related crime.

When a state of emergency is in effect, security forces have increased rights to conduct searches, seizures, and detain persons of interest.

If you are travelling in an area where a state of emergency is in effect:

• be aware that you may be subject to searches by security forces
• always cooperate with military and police officers
• carry valid ID at all times and be prepared for various checkpoints
• allow extra time to reach your destination
• follow the instructions of local authorities
• monitor local news to stay informed on the current situation

2SLGBTQI+ persons

2SLGBTQI+ persons have experienced harassment and verbal or physical abuse.

Avoid public displays of affection.

Travel and your sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression and sex characteristics

Women's safety and sexual assault

There have been reports of sexual assaults at tourist resorts carried out by resort staff and, in some cases, by other tourists. Women travelling alone are often harassed.

Be particularly vigilant if you are staying at a smaller or isolated establishment with less security. Compounds that are gated and guarded are considered the safest accommodation option in Jamaica.

• Be wary of strangers who seem friendly
• Refrain from excessive drinking, especially at all-inclusive resorts
• Ensure that your hotel room doors and windows are locked

Advice for women travellers

Spiked food and drinks

Never leave food or drinks unattended or in the care of strangers. Be wary of accepting snacks, beverages, gum, or cigarettes from new acquaintances, as they may contain drugs that could put you at risk of sexual assault and robbery.

Credit card and ATM fraud occurs. When using debit or credit cards:

• pay careful attention when others are handling your cards
• use ATMs located in public areas or inside a bank or business
• avoid using card readers with an irregular or unusual feature
• cover the keypad with one hand when entering your PIN
• check for any unauthorized transactions on your account statements

Romance scams

Internet romance scams via dating apps, websites or social media have occurred. Criminals especially target apps and websites popular among 2SLGBTQI+ travellers.

Assaults and incidents of robbery have occurred as a result of encounters set up through dating apps.

• Be wary of people who profess friendship or romantic interest over the internet
• Keep in mind that you may be the victim of a scam if you are travelling to Jamaica to meet an online contact
• Plan to meet in a known, secure location
• Be wary of inviting new acquaintances into your accommodation

Lottery scams

Tourists have been targets of lottery scams. Scammers convince targets that they have won a prize or lottery, but must pay a fee to claim their winnings.

• Never send money to someone in Jamaica who says you’ve won a lottery or prize
• Never travel to Jamaica to claim a “prize” or money

Overseas fraud

Demonstrations

Demonstrations may occur. Even peaceful demonstrations can turn violent at any time. They can also lead to disruptions to traffic and public transportation. Criminals often use these events to pickpocket demonstrators.

• Avoid areas where demonstrations and large gatherings are taking place
• Follow the instructions of local authorities
• Monitor local media for information on ongoing demonstrations

Mass gatherings (large-scale events)

Water activities

Coastal waters can be dangerous. Riptides are common.

Not all beaches have lifeguards or warning flags.

• Exercise caution when swimming
• Don’t swim alone, after hours or outside marked areas
• Consult residents and tour operators for information on possible hazards and safe swimming areas

Water sports

Tour operators may not adhere to international standards.

If you participate in water sports:

• choose a well-established and reputable company that has insurance
• ensure that safety equipment, such as helmets and life jackets, are available and in good condition
• ensure that your travel insurance covers the recreational activities you choose

If in doubt concerning the safety of the facilities or equipment, don’t use them.

Water safety abroad

Road safety

Road conditions and road safety can vary greatly throughout the country. Coastal roads are in fair condition but driving in inland can be dangerous due to:

• narrow, winding roads
• insufficient road maintenance
• poor lighting
• inadequate signage
• poor lane markings
• damage to roads during the hurricane season

Speeding, as well as driving under the influence of marijuana or alcohol, are common.

When driving between Norman Manley International Airport and Kingston, take the South Camp Road – also known as the Hummingbird Route – rather than Mountain View Avenue, where several robbery incidents have been reported.

Roadside assistance is available island-wide.

• Stay on main roads as much as possible
• Drive defensively
• Keep vehicle windows closed and doors locked
• Keep valuables out of sight

Public transportation

Public transportation is generally not safe due to high levels of crime and overcrowding.

Knutsford Express offers safe, reliable and comfortable bus transportation between major towns.

Avoid travelling on local city buses.

Taxis and ridesharing services

Avoid taking unmarked taxis due to the risk of robbery and sexual assault.

Use only taxis ordered from hotels and authorized by the Jamaica Union of Travellers Association (JUTA). These are identified by red-and-white “PP” licence plates and a lime-green JUTA sticker on the window.

• Agree on the fare with the driver before departure, since taxis aren’t metered
• Don’t share a taxi with strangers

Ridesharing services are also available and generally safe. If you use a trusted ridesharing app, confirm the driver’s identity and the licence plate before getting in the car.

We do not make assessments on the compliance of foreign domestic airlines with international safety standards.

Information about foreign domestic airlines

Every country or territory decides who can enter or exit through its borders. The Government of Canada cannot intervene on your behalf if you do not meet your destination’s entry or exit requirements.

We have obtained the information on this page from the Jamaican authorities. It can, however, change at any time.

Verify this information with the  Foreign Representatives in Canada .

Entry requirements vary depending on the type of passport you use for travel.

Before you travel, check with your transportation company about passport requirements. Its rules on passport validity may be more stringent than the country’s entry rules.

Regular Canadian passport

Your passport must be valid for the expected duration of your stay in Jamaica.

Passport for official travel

Different entry rules may apply.

Official travel

Passport with “X” gender identifier

While the Government of Canada issues passports with an “X” gender identifier, it cannot guarantee your entry or transit through other countries. You might face entry restrictions in countries that do not recognize the “X” gender identifier. Before you leave, check with the closest foreign representative for your destination.

Other travel documents

Different entry rules may apply when travelling with a temporary passport or an emergency travel document. Before you leave, check with the closest foreign representative for your destination.

Useful links

• Foreign Representatives in Canada
• Canadian passports

Tourist visa: not required Work visa: not required Business visa: not required  Student visa: not required

Immigration officers will generally grant visitors to Jamaica visitor landed status for 90 days. You must seek an extension if you are planning to stay up to an additional 90 days. You may request an extension at any immigration office. For stays beyond 90 days, you will require a visa.

Overstaying a visa or entry stamp is a criminal offence and can lead to prison time, heavy fines and deportation.

Persons found working illegally may be held in a local prison until arrangements for their return to Canada are made at their own cost.

Passport, Immigration & Citizenship Agency – Government of Jamaica

Other entry requirements

Customs officials may ask you to show them a return or onward ticket and proof of sufficient funds to cover your stay. 

You must provide certain information to immigration officials. You can do this online before arriving in Jamaica, or complete and sign a Jamaican immigration landing card, usually given to travellers upon arrival at the airport or during the flight. If you complete the immigration landing card:

• present it to an immigration official at the airport
• retain the card and present it to immigration officials upon departure from Jamaica

Immigration/Customs C5 card – Passport, Immigration and Citizenship Agency

• Children and travel

Learn more about travelling with children .

Yellow fever

Learn about potential entry requirements related to yellow fever (vaccines section).

Relevant Travel Health Notices

• Global Measles Notice - 13 March, 2024
• Zika virus: Advice for travellers - 31 August, 2023
• COVID-19 and International Travel - 13 March, 2024
• Dengue: Advice for travellers - 2 July, 2024

This section contains information on possible health risks and restrictions regularly found or ongoing in the destination. Follow this advice to lower your risk of becoming ill while travelling. Not all risks are listed below.

Consult a health care professional or visit a travel health clinic preferably 6 weeks before you travel to get personalized health advice and recommendations.

Routine vaccines

Be sure that your  routine vaccinations , as per your province or territory , are up-to-date before travelling, regardless of your destination.

Some of these vaccinations include measles-mumps-rubella (MMR), diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, varicella (chickenpox), influenza and others.

Pre-travel vaccines and medications

You may be at risk for preventable diseases while travelling in this destination. Talk to a travel health professional about which medications or vaccines may be right for you, based on your destination and itinerary. 

Yellow fever   is a disease caused by a flavivirus from the bite of an infected mosquito.

Travellers get vaccinated either because it is required to enter a country or because it is recommended for their protection.

• There is no risk of yellow fever in this country.

Country Entry Requirement*

• Proof of vaccination is required if you are coming from or have transited through an airport of a country   where yellow fever occurs.

Recommendation

• Vaccination is not recommended.
• Discuss travel plans, activities, and destinations with a health care professional.
• Contact a designated  Yellow Fever Vaccination Centre  well in advance of your trip to arrange for vaccination.

About Yellow Fever

Yellow Fever Vaccination Centres in Canada * It is important to note that  country entry requirements  may not reflect your risk of yellow fever at your destination. It is recommended that you contact the nearest  diplomatic or consular office  of the destination(s) you will be visiting to verify any additional entry requirements.

There is a risk of hepatitis A in this destination. It is a disease of the liver. People can get hepatitis A if they ingest contaminated food or water, eat foods prepared by an infectious person, or if they have close physical contact (such as oral-anal sex) with an infectious person, although casual contact among people does not spread the virus.

Practise  safe food and water precautions and wash your hands often. Vaccination is recommended for all travellers to areas where hepatitis A is present.

Measles is a highly contagious viral disease. It can spread quickly from person to person by direct contact and through droplets in the air.

Anyone who is not protected against measles is at risk of being infected with it when travelling internationally.

Regardless of where you are going, talk to a health care professional before travelling to make sure you are fully protected against measles.

  Hepatitis B is a risk in every destination. It is a viral liver disease that is easily transmitted from one person to another through exposure to blood and body fluids containing the hepatitis B virus.  Travellers who may be exposed to blood or other bodily fluids (e.g., through sexual contact, medical treatment, sharing needles, tattooing, acupuncture or occupational exposure) are at higher risk of getting hepatitis B.

Hepatitis B vaccination is recommended for all travellers. Prevent hepatitis B infection by practicing safe sex, only using new and sterile drug equipment, and only getting tattoos and piercings in settings that follow public health regulations and standards.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious viral disease. It can spread from person to person by direct contact and through droplets in the air.

It is recommended that all eligible travellers complete a COVID-19 vaccine series along with any additional recommended doses in Canada before travelling. Evidence shows that vaccines are very effective at preventing severe illness, hospitalization and death from COVID-19. While vaccination provides better protection against serious illness, you may still be at risk of infection from the virus that causes COVID-19. Anyone who has not completed a vaccine series is at increased risk of being infected with the virus that causes COVID-19 and is at greater risk for severe disease when travelling internationally.

Before travelling, verify your destination’s COVID-19 vaccination entry/exit requirements. Regardless of where you are going, talk to a health care professional before travelling to make sure you are adequately protected against COVID-19.

 The best way to protect yourself from seasonal influenza (flu) is to get vaccinated every year. Get the flu shot at least 2 weeks before travelling.  

 The flu occurs worldwide. 

•  In the Northern Hemisphere, the flu season usually runs from November to   April.
•  In the Southern Hemisphere, the flu season usually runs between April and   October.
•  In the tropics, there is flu activity year round. 

The flu vaccine available in one hemisphere may only offer partial protection against the flu in the other hemisphere.

The flu virus spreads from person to person when they cough or sneeze or by touching objects and surfaces that have been contaminated with the virus. Clean your hands often and wear a mask if you have a fever or respiratory symptoms.

In this destination, rabies  may be present in some wildlife species, including bats. Rabies is a deadly disease that spreads to humans primarily through bites or scratches from an infected animal. 

If you are bitten or scratched by an animal while travelling, immediately wash the wound with soap and clean water and see a health care professional. 

Before travel, discuss rabies vaccination with a health care professional. It may be recommended for travellers who will be working directly with wildlife. 

Safe food and water precautions

Many illnesses can be caused by eating food or drinking beverages contaminated by bacteria, parasites, toxins, or viruses, or by swimming or bathing in contaminated water.

• Learn more about food and water precautions to take to avoid getting sick by visiting our eat and drink safely abroad page. Remember: Boil it, cook it, peel it, or leave it!
• Avoid getting water into your eyes, mouth or nose when swimming or participating in activities in freshwater (streams, canals, lakes), particularly after flooding or heavy rain. Water may look clean but could still be polluted or contaminated.
• Avoid inhaling or swallowing water while bathing, showering, or swimming in pools or hot tubs. 

Travellers' diarrhea is the most common illness affecting travellers. It is spread from eating or drinking contaminated food or water.

Risk of developing travellers' diarrhea increases when travelling in regions with poor standards of hygiene and sanitation. Practise safe food and water precautions.

The most important treatment for travellers' diarrhea is rehydration (drinking lots of fluids). Carry oral rehydration salts when travelling.

Typhoid   is a bacterial infection spread by contaminated food or water. Risk is higher among children, travellers going to rural areas, travellers visiting friends and relatives or those travelling for a long period of time.

Travellers visiting regions with a risk of typhoid, especially those exposed to places with poor sanitation, should speak to a health care professional about vaccination.  

Salmonellosis is a common illness among travellers to this country. It can be spread through contaminated food or beverages, such as raw or undercooked poultry and eggs, as well as fruits or vegetables.

Practice safe food and water precautions . This includes only eating food that is properly cooked and still hot when served.

Pregnant women, children under 5 years of age, those over 60 years of age, and those with weakened immune systems are at greater risk of becoming seriously ill.

Most people recover on their own without medical treatment and from proper rehydration (drinking lots of fluids).

• Carry oral rehydration salts when travelling.

Travellers with severe symptoms should consult a health care professional as soon as possible.

Insect bite prevention

Many diseases are spread by the bites of infected insects such as mosquitoes, ticks, fleas or flies. When travelling to areas where infected insects may be present:

• Use insect repellent (bug spray) on exposed skin
• Cover up with light-coloured, loose clothes made of tightly woven materials such as nylon or polyester
• Minimize exposure to insects
• Use mosquito netting when sleeping outdoors or in buildings that are not fully enclosed

To learn more about how you can reduce your risk of infection and disease caused by bites, both at home and abroad, visit our insect bite prevention page.

Find out what types of insects are present where you’re travelling, when they’re most active, and the symptoms of the diseases they spread.

There is a risk of chikungunya in this country. The level of risk may vary by:

The virus that causes chikungunya is spread through the bite of an infected mosquito. It can cause fever and pain in the joints. In some cases, the joint pain can be severe and last for months or years.

Protect yourself from mosquito bites at all times.

Learn more:

Insect bite and pest prevention Chikungunya

• In this country,   dengue  is a risk to travellers. It is a viral disease spread to humans by mosquito bites.
• Dengue can cause flu-like symptoms. In some cases, it can lead to severe dengue, which can be fatal.
• The level of risk of dengue changes seasonally, and varies from year to year. The level of risk also varies between regions in a country and can depend on the elevation in the region.
• Mosquitoes carrying dengue typically bite during the daytime, particularly around sunrise and sunset.
• Protect yourself from mosquito bites . There is no vaccine or medication that protects against dengue.

Zika virus is a risk in this country. 

Zika virus is primarily spread through the bite of an infected mosquito. It can also be sexually transmitted. Zika virus can cause serious birth defects.

During your trip:

• Prevent mosquito bites at all times.
• Use condoms correctly or avoid sexual contact, particularly if you are pregnant.

If you are pregnant or planning a pregnancy, you should discuss the potential risks of travelling to this destination with your health care provider. You may choose to avoid or postpone travel. 

For more information, see Zika virus: Pregnant or planning a pregnancy.

Animal precautions

Some infections, such as rabies and influenza, can be shared between humans and animals. Certain types of activities may increase your chance of contact with animals, such as travelling in rural or forested areas, camping, hiking, and visiting wet markets (places where live animals are slaughtered and sold) or caves.

Travellers are cautioned to avoid contact with animals, including dogs, livestock (pigs, cows), monkeys, snakes, rodents, birds, and bats, and to avoid eating undercooked wild game.

Closely supervise children, as they are more likely to come in contact with animals.

Person-to-person infections

Stay home if you’re sick and practise proper cough and sneeze etiquette , which includes coughing or sneezing into a tissue or the bend of your arm, not your hand. Reduce your risk of colds, the flu and other illnesses by:

•   washing your hands often
• avoiding or limiting the amount of time spent in closed spaces, crowded places, or at large-scale events (concerts, sporting events, rallies)
• avoiding close physical contact with people who may be showing symptoms of illness 

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) , HIV , and mpox are spread through blood and bodily fluids; use condoms, practise safe sex, and limit your number of sexual partners. Check with your local public health authority pre-travel to determine your eligibility for mpox vaccine.  

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)   is a virus that attacks and impairs the immune system, resulting in a chronic, progressive illness known as AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). 

High risk activities include anything which puts you in contact with blood or body fluids, such as unprotected sex and exposure to unsterilized needles for medications or other substances (for example, steroids and drugs), tattooing, body-piercing or acupuncture.

Medical services and facilities

Adequate medical facilities exist in all tourist areas and in Kingston.

Medical care and facilities are limited in remote areas. Ambulance services are limited across the country and are provided by the Jamaica Fire Brigade and private services.

Medical services can be very expensive. Make sure you get travel insurance that includes coverage for medical evacuation and hospital stays. Even if you have medical insurance, you may need to make a deposit or pay upfront for medical treatment and submit a claim to your insurance provider for reimbursement. If you do not have travel insurance, clinics may require payment upfront or a credit card as a guarantee of payment before providing medical care.

You may be evacuated to another country if you need specialized care or have a serious injury.

If a death occurs while abroad, the issuance of a death certificate can take up to a year.

Make sure you get travel insurance that includes coverage for medical evacuation and hospital stays.

Health and safety outside Canada

Keep in Mind...

The decision to travel is the sole responsibility of the traveller. The traveller is also responsible for his or her own personal safety.

Be prepared. Do not expect medical services to be the same as in Canada. Pack a   travel health kit , especially if you will be travelling away from major city centres.

You must abide by local laws.

Learn about what you should do and how we can help if you are arrested or detained abroad .

Jamaican law prohibits sexual acts between individuals of the same sex. Other related offences include being in a same-sex marriage and the "promotion of homosexuality." Those convicted can face sentences of up to 10 years in prison, though authorities rarely enforce the law.

2SLGBTQI+ persons could be discriminated against based on their sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression or sex characteristics.

Though violence against 2SLGBTQI+ persons and their allies has declined significantly over the past decade, 2SLGBTQI+ travellers should:

• carefully consider the risks of travelling to Jamaica
• be cautious and avoid public displays of affection with someone of the same sex

Penalties for possession, use or trafficking of illegal drugs are severe. Convicted offenders can expect lengthy prison sentences.

Departing visitors are thoroughly screened for drug possession. Many Canadians are serving prison sentences for drug crimes, in some cases committed unwittingly. When leaving Ocho Rios and Montego Bay by cruise ship, you may be searched for drugs by local authorities. You should have a witness accompany you if you undergo such procedures.

• Pack all luggage yourself
• Don’t carry anything through customs for anyone else

Jamaica decriminalized the possession of up to two ounces of cannabis, which will be punishable by a fine and will not result in a criminal record. Smoking cannabis in public places, however, remains prohibited. Jamaican authorities continue to enforce strict laws against the possession and trafficking of narcotics, in accordance with international agreements to combat drug trafficking.

Don’t attempt to depart Jamaica and cross international borders with any amount of cannabis.

Drugs, alcohol and travel

Illegal activities

It’s illegal to:

• wear, buy or sell army or police camouflage clothing
• nudist bathing in non-designated areas 
• use of indecent language

Imports and exports

There are strict import and export regulations on:

• fruits and vegetables
• animals, including pets
• animal products

Entering the country with a firearm or even a single round of ammunition is considered a serious crime.

Dual citizenship

Dual citizenship is legally recognized in Jamaica.

If you are a Canadian citizen, but also a citizen of Jamaica, our ability to offer you consular services may be limited while you're there. You may also be subject to different entry/exit requirements .

Dual citizens

International Child Abduction

The Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction is an international treaty. It can help parents with the return of children who have been removed to or retained in certain countries in violation of custody rights. It does not apply between Canada and Jamaica.

If your child was wrongfully taken to, or is being held in Jamaica by an abducting parent:

• act as quickly as you can
• consult a lawyer in Canada and in Jamaica to explore all the legal options for the return of your child
• report the situation to the nearest Canadian government office abroad or to the Vulnerable Children's Consular Unit at Global Affairs Canada by calling the Emergency Watch and Response Centre

If your child was removed from a country other than Canada, consult a lawyer to determine if The Hague Convention applies.

Be aware that Canadian consular officials cannot interfere in private legal matters or in another country's judicial affairs.

• International Child Abductions: A guide for affected parents
• Canadian embassies and consulates by destination
• Request emergency assistance

Traffic drives on the left.

You can drive in Jamaica with a valid Canadian driver’s licence for up to six months. After 6 months, you must obtain a Jamaican driver’s licence.

It is mandatory to wear a helmet on mopeds, motor scooters and motorcycles, and to wear a seatbelt in cars and taxis. There are heavy fines for non-compliance.

You should carry an international driving permit.

International Driving Permit

Investments

If you plan on buying property or making other investments in Jamaica, seek legal advice in Canada and in Jamaica. Do so before making commitments. Related disputes could take time and be costly to resolve.

The currency of Jamaica is the Jamaican dollar (JMD).

Hotels and businesses catering to tourists accept major credit cards.

There is limited ATM availability outside Kingston and Montego Bay. Make sure you have enough cash to cover your expenses if travelling outside these areas.

Hurricane Beryl

On July 3, 2024, Hurricane Beryl swept across Jamaica.

The storm may cause landslides and could severely disrupt the following essential services:

• transportation, including operations at airports
• power distribution
• water and food supply
• telecommunications networks
• emergency services
• medical care

If you are in Jamaica

• exercise caution
• monitor local news and weather reports

Latest advisories  – U.S. National Hurricane Centre

Hurricane season

Hurricanes usually occur from mid-May to the end of November. During this period, even small tropical storms can quickly develop into major hurricanes.

These severe storms can put you at risk and hamper the provision of essential services. You could face serious safety risks during a hurricane.

If you decide to travel to a coastal area during the hurricane season:

• be prepared to change your travel plans on short notice, including cutting short or cancelling your trip
• stay informed of the latest regional weather forecasts
• carry emergency contact information for your airline or tour operator
• follow the advice and instructions of local authorities
• Severe storms outside Canada
• Large-scale emergencies outside Canada
• Active storm tracking and hurricane watches and warnings – U.S. National Hurricane Center

Earthquakes and tsunamis

Jamaica is located in an active seismic zone. It is subject to earthquakes and is at risk of tsunamis.

A tsunami can occur within minutes of a nearby earthquake. However, the risk of tsunami can remain for several hours following the first tremor. If you’re staying on the coast, familiarize yourself with the region’s evacuation plans in the event of a tsunami warning.

In the event of an earthquake:

• monitor local media to stay informed of the evolving situation
• follow the instructions of local authorities, including evacuation orders
• Earthquakes – What to Do?
• Latest earthquakes  – U.S. Geological Survey
• Tsunami warning system  – U.S. National Weather Service

Local services

• police: 119
• medical assistance: 911
• firefighters: 911

Tourist information

Jamaica Tourist Board offices are located throughout the island. They have direct radio links with local police and information on safe public beaches.

Jamaica Tourist Board

Consular assistance

Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Turks and Caicos Islands

For emergency consular assistance, call the High Commission of Canada in Jamaica, in Kingston, and follow the instructions. At any time, you may also contact the Emergency Watch and Response Centre in Ottawa.

The decision to travel is your choice and you are responsible for your personal safety abroad. We take the safety and security of Canadians abroad very seriously and provide credible and timely information in our Travel Advice to enable you to make well-informed decisions regarding your travel abroad.

The content on this page is provided for information only. While we make every effort to give you correct information, it is provided on an "as is" basis without warranty of any kind, expressed or implied. The Government of Canada does not assume responsibility and will not be liable for any damages in connection to the information provided.

If you need consular assistance while abroad, we will make every effort to help you. However, there may be constraints that will limit the ability of the Government of Canada to provide services.

Learn more about consular services .

Risk Levels

  take normal security precautions.

Take similar precautions to those you would take in Canada.

  Exercise a high degree of caution

There are certain safety and security concerns or the situation could change quickly. Be very cautious at all times, monitor local media and follow the instructions of local authorities.

IMPORTANT: The two levels below are official Government of Canada Travel Advisories and are issued when the safety and security of Canadians travelling or living in the country or region may be at risk.

  Avoid non-essential travel

Your safety and security could be at risk. You should think about your need to travel to this country, territory or region based on family or business requirements, knowledge of or familiarity with the region, and other factors. If you are already there, think about whether you really need to be there. If you do not need to be there, you should think about leaving.

  Avoid all travel

You should not travel to this country, territory or region. Your personal safety and security are at great risk. If you are already there, you should think about leaving if it is safe to do so.

Security Alert May 17, 2024

Worldwide caution.

• Travel Advisories |
• Contact Us |
• MyTravelGov |

Find U.S. Embassies & Consulates

Travel.state.gov, congressional liaison, special issuance agency, u.s. passports, international travel, intercountry adoption, international parental child abduction, records and authentications, popular links, travel advisories, mytravelgov, stay connected, legal resources, legal information, info for u.s. law enforcement, replace or certify documents.

Share this page:

Jamaica Travel Advisory

Travel advisory july 25, 2024, jamaica - level 3: reconsider travel.

Updated to reflect additional information on crime and health care.

Reconsider travel to Jamaica due to  crime . Exercise increased caution regarding medical services. Some areas have increased risk. Read the entire Travel Advisory. 

Country Summary: Violent crime occurs throughout Jamaica. Tourist areas generally see lower rates of violent crime than other parts of the country. The homicide rate reported by the Government of Jamaica is among the highest in the Western Hemisphere. Armed robberies and sexual assaults are common. 

The U.S. Embassy routinely receives reports of sexual assaults, including from U.S. citizen tourists at resorts. U.S. citizens report slow or unsatisfactory response to serious criminal incidents. When arrests are made, cases are infrequently prosecuted to a final verdict and sentence. 

U.S. citizens should not expect the same level of health care available in Jamaica as is available in the United States. This includes generally lower levels of emergency service response times or routine care for illness or injury. Private hospitals require payment up front before admitting patients and may not have the ability to provide specialized care. Ambulance services are not always staffed with EMTs or always readily available, especially in rural areas. U.S. citizens should bring extra prescription medication as common medications such as insulin can be difficult to obtain.

We strongly encourage you to obtain traveler’s insurance, including medical evacuation insurance, before traveling.  The Department of State does not pay medical bills.

U.S. Medicare/Medicaid does not apply overseas. Most hospitals and doctors overseas do not accept U.S. health insurance. Air ambulance service to the United States can range from $30,000-50,000. Read the  country information page  for additional information on travel to Jamaica.

If you decide to travel to Jamaica:

• Do not attempt to bring firearms or ammunition. This includes stray rounds, shells, or empty casings. The penalties for carrying firearms and/or ammunition, even inadvertently, are severe, and can include lengthy prison sentences.
• Avoid walking or driving at night.
• Avoid public buses.
• Avoid secluded places or situations.
• Do not physically resist any robbery attempt.
• Be aware of your surroundings and keep a low profile.
• Enroll in the  Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP)  at www.step.state.gov to receive alerts and make it easier to locate you in an emergency.
• Follow the Department of State on  Facebook  and X/Twitter . 
• Review the State Department’s Country Specific Information for Jamaica.
• Make a contingency plan for emergency situations. Review the  Traveler’s Checklist .
• Visit the CDC page for the latest  Travel Health Information related to your travel.

U.S. embassy personnel are prohibited from traveling to certain areas of Jamaica due to crime. Additionally, U.S. embassy personnel are prohibited from using public buses and from driving outside of prescribed areas of Kingston at night. The off-limits zones for U.S. embassy personnel within each parish are listed below . 

Off-limits locations for U.S. embassy personnel throughout Jamaica – Level 4: Do Not Travel

St. Ann’s Parish - Steer Town and the Buckfield neighborhood near Ocho Rios

St. Catherine’s Parish - Spanish Town, Central Village, areas within Portmore, including: Naggo Head, New Land, Old Braeton, Portmore Lane, Gregory Park, and Waterford

Clarendon Parish - all of Clarendon Parish, except passing through Clarendon Parish using the T1 and A2 highways.

St. Elizabeth’s Parish - Vineyard District Community, between the communities of Salt Spring and Burnt Savanna, St. Elizabeth

Hanover Parish - Logwood and Orange Bay

St. James Parish/Montego Bay - Inland side of the A1 highway and The Queen’s Drive from San San to Harmony Beach Park

Kingston and St. Andrew Parish - Cassava Piece, Duhaney Park, Grants Pen, Standpipe, Swallowfield, Elleston Flats, August Town, and downtown Kingston, defined as between Mountain View Avenue and Hagley Park Road, and south of Half Way Tree and Old Hope Roads. Downtown Kingston includes Arnett Gardens, Cockburn Gardens, Denham Town, Olympic Gardens, Seaview Gardens, Trench Town, and Tivoli Gardens. 

Manchester Parish - Green Vale, Gray Ground, Red Ground, and Vineyard neighborhoods of Mandeville

St. Thomas Parish - Black Lane neighborhood in Seaforth, Grands Penn, Church Corner neighborhood near Yallahs, Town of Yallahs, except when driving through on the main highway.

Trelawny Parish - Clarks Town

Westmoreland Parish - Russia community in Savanna-la-Mar (The Southeastern quadrant of Savannah la Mar east of Darling Street and south of the A2 highway/Barracks Road), Morgan Bay, Kings Valley, The Whitehall, Bethel Town, and Red Ground neighborhoods of Negril

If you do decide to travel to the above-listed Do Not Travel areas, please visit our website for  Travel to High-Risk Areas .

Travel Advisory Levels

Assistance for u.s. citizens, jamaica map, search for travel advisories, external link.

You are about to leave travel.state.gov for an external website that is not maintained by the U.S. Department of State.

Links to external websites are provided as a convenience and should not be construed as an endorsement by the U.S. Department of State of the views or products contained therein. If you wish to remain on travel.state.gov, click the "cancel" message.

You are about to visit:

Cookies on GOV.UK

We use some essential cookies to make this website work.

We’d like to set additional cookies to understand how you use GOV.UK, remember your settings and improve government services.

We also use cookies set by other sites to help us deliver content from their services.

You have accepted additional cookies. You can change your cookie settings at any time.

You have rejected additional cookies. You can change your cookie settings at any time.

• Passports, travel and living abroad
• Travel abroad
• Foreign travel advice

Before you travel check that:

• your destination can provide the healthcare you may need
• you have appropriate travel insurance for local treatment or unexpected medical evacuation

This is particularly important if you have a health condition or are pregnant.

Emergency medical number

Call 110 and ask for an ambulance.

Contact your insurance company promptly if you’re referred to a medical facility for treatment.

Vaccinations and health risks

At least 8 weeks before your trip check:

• the latest information on vaccination recommendations and health risks in TravelHealthPro’s Jamaica guide
• where to get vaccines and whether you have to pay on the NHS travel vaccinations page

The legal status and regulation of some medicines prescribed or bought in the UK can be different in other countries.

Read best practice when travelling with medicines on TravelHealthPro .

The NHS has information on whether you can take your medicine abroad .

Healthcare facilities in Jamaica

The standard of medical facilities – both private and government-operated – varies and may not meet UK standards.

Treatment can be expensive with doctors and hospitals expecting immediate cash payment for health services.

FCDO has a list of medical facilities in Jamaica .

There is also guidance on healthcare if you’re living in Jamaica .

Travel and mental health

Read FCDO guidance on travel and mental health . There is also mental health guidance on TravelHealthPro .

Related content

Is this page useful.

• Yes this page is useful
• No this page is not useful

Help us improve GOV.UK

Don’t include personal or financial information like your National Insurance number or credit card details.

To help us improve GOV.UK, we’d like to know more about your visit today. Please fill in this survey (opens in a new tab) .

Přejít k obsahu | Přejít k hlavnímu menu | Přejít k vyhledávání

• COVID-19 travel restrictions: Jamaica
• < Travel restrictions

Travel restrictions

By Kiwi.com April 29, 2022

By Kiwi.com | April 29, 2022

Last update: May 2, 2022

This article was published on April 29, 2022, and all the information in the article is correct as of this time. Before you book your trip, we highly recommend that you also check official sources for the most up-to-date travel requirements, as they are subject to constant change.

Can I enter Jamaica?

Presently, Jamaica is open for tourism to all countries with a few simple COVID-19 requirements. 

Can I enter Jamaica if I am vaccinated?

Vaccinated travelers can enter Jamaica. 

You are considered fully vaccinated at least 14 days after completing your vaccination course.

As of April 2022, the following vaccines are approved in Jamaica

• Oxford / AstraZeneca
• Janssen (Johnson & Johnson)

Travel documents if I am vaccinated 

Please, make sure to present a vaccination certificate when entering Jamaica.

Can I enter Jamaica if I am unvaccinated?

Unvaccinated travelers can enter Jamaica. 

Travel documents if I am unvaccinated 

All travelers need only to show a certificate of recovery from COVID-19. 

Can I leave Jamaica?

You can leave Jamaica. Please ensure that you’ve checked the requirements of your destination country concerning COVID-19 tests for vaccinated and recovered travelers. Certain countries demand tests anyway.

Travel documents if I am vaccinated

Vaccinated travelers must have one of the following documents to leave Jamaica:

• A document confirming vaccination 

Travel documents if I am unvaccinated

If you are unvaccinated, please present one of the following documents:

• A certificate of recovery from COVID-19 (no more than 180 days old before the day of crossing the border of a particular country)
• A negative COVID-19 test result (the relevant period and kind of test may vary, please check the requirements of the destination country )

COVID-19 situation in Jamaica currently

As of April 2022, international travel to Jamaica is safe following several COVID-19 restrictions that are in place.

Is it safe to travel to Jamaica right now?

Your visit to Jamaica will be safe if you follow the local regulations:

• Wearing masks indoors is obligatory
• Keeping social distance is mandatory

Is Kingston open for travel?

Presently, Kingston is open for travelers. Please, follow the usual COVID-19-related regulations.

Do I have to quarantine if I go to Jamaica?

At present, the requirements about quarantine on arrival in Jamaica have been lifted. All arrivals are advised to refrain from actively moving around the country during the first five days.  

How do I get a health pass to travel to Jamaica? 

Foreign travelers can only print out their copies of COVID-19 documents. 

What are the biggest international airports in Jamaica?

Here are two biggest international airports in Jamaica:

• Sangster International airport (MBJ)
• Norman Manley International airport (KIN)

Useful link:

• Jamaica COVID-19 travel requirements

Visit our   Travel Restriction section at Kiwi.com Stories   to read   more travel restrictions articles

COVID-19 Jamaica

Popular routes on Kiwi.com

• Cheap flights from Dubai to London
• Cheap flights from Vilnius to Tenerife
• Cheap flights from Nairobi to Eldoret
• Cheap flights from Tenerife to Vilnius
• Cheap flights from London to Prague
• Cheap flights from Barcelona to Tenerife
• Cheap flights from London to Athens
• Cheap flights from Cairo to Dubai
• Cheap flights from Berlin to Istanbul
• Cheap flights from Istanbul to Baku
• Cheap flights from London to Warsaw
• Cheap flights from London to Lisbon

Australia to reopen to vaccinated tourists

For the first time in nearly two years, most of Australia is set to welcome tourists again, under certain conditions

6 essentials on your travel checklist during the pandemic

All you need from COVID-19 tests through to flexible booking options and your own toilet paper

No quarantine in Estonia for recovered or vaccinated travelers

Those who recovered from COVID-19 in the past six months won’t have to self-isolate

Latest developments: COVID-19 and travel

SIA aims to vaccinate employees while large companies help with the development of digital vaccination passport

Etihad and Emirates to trial COVID-19 digital passport in world first

The IATA Travel Pass mobile app should be available on iOS and Android by March 2021

COVID-19 vaccines bring hope to all travelers

Over 17 million people in 35 countries worldwide have received a vaccine by early January

Hack the system, fly for less

How to Choose a Greek Island to Come Back to For the Rest of Your Life

Best Places to Scuba Dive This Summer

Discover Manchester: A Travel Guide for Cool and Cheap Experiences

Travel Vaccines and Advice for Jamaica

Jamaica is a popular travel destination due to its lush mountains, rain forests, and sandy beaches. The Caribbean island has dozens of tourist spots and luxury resorts. It is the perfect spot for young-adults and families alike.

Jamaica also has a rich history of British colonization and in music- it is the birthplace of reggae. The Bob Marley Museum is located in their capital of Kingston.

On This Page: Do I Need Vaccines for Jamaica? Do I Need a Visa or Passport to Enter Jamaica? What is the Climate in Jamaica? How Safe is Jamaica? Visit Beautiful Rose Hall What Should I Pack for Jamaica? Canadian Embassy in Jamaica

Do I Need Vaccines for Jamaica?

Yes, some vaccines are recommended or required for Jamaica. The PHAC and WHO recommend the following vaccinations for Jamaica: COVID-19 , hepatitis A , hepatitis B , typhoid , yellow fever , rabies , meningitis , polio , measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) , Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis) , chickenpox , shingles , pneumonia and influenza .

See the bullets below to learn more about some of these key immunizations:

• COVID-19 – Airborne – Recommended for all travellers
• Hepatitis A – Food & Water – Recommended for most travellers
• Hepatitis B – Blood & Body Fluids – Accelerated schedule available
• Typhoid – Food & Water – Shot lasts 2 years. Oral vaccine lasts 5 years, must be able to swallow pills. Oral doses must be kept in refrigerator.
• Yellow Fever – Mosquito – Required if travelling from a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
• Rabies – Saliva of Infected Animals – Vaccine recommended for long-term travellers and those who may come in contact with animals.
• Measles Mumps Rubella (MMR) – Various Vectors – Given to anyone unvaccinated and/or born after 1957. One time adult booster recommended.
• TDAP (Tetanus, Diphtheria & Pertussis) – Wounds & Airborne – Only one adult booster of pertussis required.
• Chickenpox – Direct Contact & Airborne – Given to those unvaccinated that did not have chickenpox.
• Shingles – Direct Contact – Vaccine can still be given if you have had shingles.
• Pneumonia – Airborne – Two vaccines given separately. All 65+ or immunocompromised should receive both.
• Influenza – Airborne – Vaccine components change annually.
• Meningitis – Airborne & Direct Contact – Given to anyone unvaccinated or at an increased risk, especially students.
• Polio – Food & Water – Considered a routine vaccination for most travel itineraries. Single adult booster recommended.

See the tables below for more information:

Dengue and Zika are two common mosquito-borne diseases found in Jamaica. Make sure you bring mosquito repellents or netting and avoid being outside at dawn or dusk. Women who are pregnant or may become pregnant should avoid travel to the region as Zika can cause birth defects.

See our vaccinations page to learn more about these infections and vaccines. Ready to protect yourself? Book your travel health appointment today by calling or schedule online now .

Does Jamaica Have COVID-19 Travel Restrictions?

International travellers may now enter Jamaica. All visitors are subject to medical screening on arrival. Non-residents must have a completed travel authorization upon arrival.

Masks are mandatory in all public places.

Other infections are still present in the region like rabies or travellers’ diarrhea. Make sure you stay protected with a visit to Passport Health. Call or book online now.

Do I Need a Visa or Passport to Enter Jamaica?

A passport which is valid for the duration of your intended stay is required to enter the country. A tourist visa is not required for stays up to 6 months but a business visa is required.

Sources: Embassy of Jamaica and Canadian Travel and Tourism

Passports must be valid at the time of entry and you must have at least one blank page for entry and exit stamps. Some countries are very strict about passport condition. If your passport has been damaged in any way, consider receiving a new one.

Visit the Canadian Travel and Tourism website for more information on entry and exit requirements.

What is the Climate in Jamaica?

Jamaica has a tropical climate which varies in temperature from warm too hot. Central areas with a higher elevation tend to have cooler temperatures. In winter, travellers can expect cooler temperatures in the morning and evening. But, it is still hot.

May through November are wetter months where short showers occur often. June through September is the hurricane. While hurricanes rarely make landfall in Jamaica, it is best to be prepared.

December through April is the best times to visit due to the lack of extreme weather conditions.

How Safe is Jamaica?

Areas such as Kingston and Montego Bay tend to experience high crime rates. Avoid travelling outside of resorts unless it is an official outing or excursion. Exercise caution at all times.

Be careful when travelling at night. Never travel alone and be sure to travel in groups, even during the day.

Before booking, make sure your resort has met the Jamaica Tourist Board’s safety standards.

Petty theft and scams are common, especially in tourist areas. Be aware of your surroundings at all times.

Visit Beautiful Rose Hall

Rose Hall is a beautiful colonial estate. It was restored in the 1960’s and has since been a popular destination for interested tourists.

Take a tour of the estate and its gardens to learn about its rich European history and the legend of the White Witch, Annee Palmer.

Tours usually last around 90 minutes and include a sampling of the houses “Witches Brew.”

What Should I Pack for Jamaica?

Jamaica is one of the most popular tourist destinations in the world. But, it’s important to make sure you pack some of these items to make sure your trip is a success:

• Insect repellent to protect against mosquitoes which could carry disease.
• A beach bag for carrying sunscreen, towels, and other beach essentials.
• Water shoes for any rocky shores and excursions so your feet don’t become cut.
• Waterproof bags to protect electronics while at the beach.
• Light-colored, thin clothing to protect against the sun and help remain cool.
• Warm clothes for cooler temperatures at night.

Canadian Embassy in Jamaica

Canadian consular services can help travellers with many issues they may face including passport services. Once in Jamaica, the information for the Canadian Embassy is:

High Commission of Canada in Kingston 3 West Kings House Road, Kingston 10, Jamaica Telephone: (876) 926-1500

Stay safe abroad with Passport Health. Call or book online now and start travelling safely today!

Customer Reviews

Passport health – travel vaccines for jamaica.

• PIPEDA Policy and Consent Form
• Privacy Policy
• Automatic Data Collection Statement

Strict rules about flying with dogs start Thursday, after months of confusion

Summer is a busy travel season for both people and their pups.

Heather Blas, a pet relocation specialist at Continental Pet Relocation, was already trying to navigate the hectic time for moving and seasonal airline restrictions when a slew of new Centers for Disease Control and Prevention requirements for bringing dogs into the United States "turned things upside down." As the deadline for the new rules drew closer, she constantly scoured the CDC's website for the latest guidance and asked for advice from fellow pet shippers around the world who were hearing contradictory information.

"We started out as kind of a task force like, 'let's make sense of this, let's put all this together so we can have (the) correct information for people to get their dogs into the U.S.,' " Blas said. "And it's just become a circus, a literal circus, as clear as mud trying to relay the information to people."

The new requirements from the CDC are aimed at preventing the spread of rabies and go into effect Thursday. The change prompted multiple airlines to stop allowing dogs to travel to the U.S. with their families altogether, causing headaches for everyone from military families and diplomats to pet shippers and animal rescue organizations.

"The way the CDC has implemented these regulations for a dog coming into the U.S. was just, I don't even know the vocabulary for how poorly it was executed and communicated," Blas said.

What do the new rules say?

The CDC announced in May that beginning Aug. 1, dog owners must complete a new form and all dogs entering the U.S. must be over six months old, have a microchip and “appear healthy upon arrival.”

Additional restrictions and requirements apply depending on where the dog was vaccinated and if the dog has recently been in one of the more than 100 countries identified as high risk for rabies. A dog might have to pass a blood test or be forced to quarantine for 28 days in a CDC-registered facility, the costs of which fall back on owners, according to the CDC’s website. It can also be difficult to provide proof of a dog's whereabouts, especially one that was a stray.

The CDC said in a statement announcing the changes that the new regulations build on lessons learned during the COVID-19 pandemic when the importation of dogs from countries with a high risk of rabies was temporarily suspended.

The CDC did not immediately respond to a request for comment about the criticism of the new rules from travelers and industry experts.

"The regulation also more closely aligns with the World Organisation for Animal Health’s standards for the international movement of dogs from countries with a high risk of dog rabies," the statement said. "Furthermore, it addresses recent challenges seen with international dog importations, such as fraudulent documentation and dogs housed in unsafe conditions if they didn’t meet requirements for entry to the United States."

If a dog was vaccinated in another country and has traveled through a high-risk country, it must also now enter the U.S. through one of six ports where there is an animal care facility, like the ARK Import Export Center at John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York, according to Elizabeth Schuette, president and CEO of the ARK. Schuette is worried the new restrictions will dramatically increase the number of dogs that come through her facility, which handles transport for not only dogs and cats but also horses and zoo animals.

“The biggest concern that I have is being able to provide the quality service that we're known for and continue that with possibly this huge volume of animals coming,” she said.

According to the CDC, airlines will also be required to create an air waybill for each dog transported to the U.S., a document Schuette said was previously only required for dogs being transported as cargo. Airlines can request a waiver for this rule, but several, including Lufthansa , Finnair , Swiss International Air Lines , and Austrian Airlines, initially announced they would no longer allow dogs to fly to America in the cabin or in baggage hold as a result.

"Trying to implement that on a very short period of time is virtually impossible," Schuette said.

Jorg Waber, a spokesperson for Lufthansa, told USA TODAY existing bookings for dogs won't be affected, provided that all CDC requirements are met, but new bookings for dogs for flights on or after Aug. 1 will only be accepted at six airports in Washington, D.C., New York City, Atlanta, Miami, Los Angeles and Philadelphia. Marjo Hamalainen, a spokesperson for Finnair, said the airline has applied for permission to continue transporting dogs to the United States without an air waybill.

Lawmakers sent multiple letters to the CDC raising concerns and asking officials to delay implementation of the new rules, which are meant to prevent the reintroduction of the viral disease that's transmitted through biting.

Rabies was eliminated from dogs in the U.S. in 2007. About a million dogs enter the country each year, and since 2015, four rabid dogs have been found entering the U.S., The Associated Press reported . Jennifer Skiff, director of international at Animal Wellness Action, said the fact that the handful of cases were caught showed the system was working as intended.

“It’s an overreach,” she said of the new regulations. “It's the government getting involved in something that they shouldn't have been getting involved in because the process worked already.”

Major U.S. airlines including American, Delta, United and Southwest say the new CDC rules do not change their policies around carrying pets, but all said passengers must fill out the paperwork as required. Delta and American said they are pausing pet shipments in their cargo divisions.

Military families ‘blindsided’

The sudden changes in dog transportation were a “huge blow” to many military and diplomatic families, according to Liz Hensel, the 2024 AFI Marine Corps Spouse of the Year.

“When the CDC came out with their new policy, it completely blindsided not only military families but the diplomatic community as well,” said Hensel, also CEO of Leave No Paws Behind USA.

As a result, Hensel said many families are now scrambling to find pet shippers, a much more expensive alternative to flying with your dog. Hensel said when she brought her two dogs to Israel, where her family is based, it cost about $400 to take them on her flight. She estimated that using a pet shipper to return to the United States could cost as much as $3,000.

Service members can be reimbursed for up to $2,000 worth of expenses for moving a pet internationally and $550 for domestic relocation, a change Hensel spent years lobbying for. But as demand for pet shippers increases after the recent CDC changes, Hensel said she expects the cost to transport dogs internationally to rise well past that.

“It makes me feel a little defeated,” she said. “I fought so hard for the stipend and then for this to come back, and the cost is even to go higher, that $2,000 is not even going to do that much anymore.”

Animal rescue may have to halt operations

For Anna Umansky, co-founder of Friends of Sochi Dogs , the new rules could shut down her dog rescue operations in certain countries. Umansky said the nonprofit does most of its rescue work in Ukraine , which – like nearly all of the other countries it operates in – is considered high risk for rabies.

Umansky said her organization had flights scheduled for dogs and their accompanying volunteers throughout August, including some on Lufthansa, that will have to be moved or canceled as they make a “mad dash” to comply with the new rules. She said the nonprofit considered using a pet shipper or cargo service but “the prices are astronomical” on top of the fees they’ll incur to revaccinate and potentially quarantine the dogs.

“We're trying to figure things out, but I honestly don't know, given these expenses, if we'll continue to be able to rescue animals from there,” she said. 

Umansky said the requirement that dogs vaccinated outside the U.S. be revaccinated upon arrival even after they pass a blood test proving they are immune to the disease is particularly onerous and seemingly medically unnecessary.

When asked about the requirement, spokesperson David Daigle said the CDC can't verify the protection provided by rabies vaccines administered to dogs outside the United States, and studies show it's safe to administer multiple doses of rabies vaccines to dogs even over a short time.

“It's disappointing, it's frustrating, and it's really, really upsetting,” Umansky said.

Contributing: Kathleen Wong and Zach Wichter , USA TODAY

Brief State Non-Medical Exemptions from School Immunization Requirements

All 50 states and Washington D.C. have laws requiring certain vaccines for students to attend school. Many states align their vaccine requirements with recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices . All states allow exemptions from school immunization requirements for children who are unable to receive vaccines for medical reasons. State laws vary regarding non-medical exemptions, for religious or personal reasons. Personal exemptions are also referred to as "philosophical exemptions" by some states.

Thirty states and Washington D.C. allow exemptions for people who have religious objections to immunizations. Thirteen 13 states allow exemptions for either religious or personal reasons. Two states, Louisiana and Minnesota, do not specify whether the non-medical exemption must be for religious or personal reasons. Five states do not allow any type of non-medical exemption.

The map below indicates each state's non-medical exemption policy. The map also links to the statutes for each state regarding school vaccine requirements and exemptions. Below the map is a table which provides more information about state exemption laws including exemption exceptions, requirements to obtain a non-medical exemption and information on states that have removed certain exemption policies.

Modal title

Map Source: Adapted from the LexisNexis StateNet Database and the Immunization Action Coalition.

DO NOT DELETE - NCSL Search Page Data

Related resources, behavioral health providers - scope of practice policy, food safety, reducing foodborne risks, contact ncsl.

For more information on this topic, use this form to reach NCSL staff.

• What is your role? Legislator Legislative Staff Other
• Is this a press or media inquiry? No Yes
• Admin Email

Advertisement

Supported by

W.H.O. Declares Global Emergency Over New Mpox Outbreak

The epidemic is concentrated in the Democratic Republic of Congo, but the virus has now appeared in a dozen other African countries.

• Share full article

By Apoorva Mandavilli

The rapid spread of mpox, formerly called monkeypox, in African countries constitutes a global health emergency, the World Health Organization declared on Wednesday.

This is the second time in three years that the W.H.O. has designated an mpox epidemic as a global emergency. It previously did so in July 2022. That outbreak went on to affect nearly 100,000 people , primarily gay and bisexual men, in 116 countries, and killed about 200 people.

The threat this time is deadlier. Since the beginning of this year, the Democratic Republic of Congo alone has reported 15,600 mpox cases and 537 deaths. Those most at risk include women and children under 15.

“The detection and rapid spread of a new clade of mpox in eastern D.R.C., its detection in neighboring countries that had not previously reported mpox, and the potential for further spread within Africa and beyond is very worrying,” said Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, the W.H.O.’s director general.

The outbreak has spread through 13 countries in Africa, including a few that had never reported mpox cases before. On Tuesday, the Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention declared a “public health emergency of continental security,” the first time the organization has taken that step since the African Union granted it the power to do so last year.

“It’s in the interests of the countries, of the continent and of the world to get our arms around this and stop transmission as soon as we can,” said Dr. Nicole Lurie, the executive director for preparedness and response at the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, a nonprofit that finances vaccine development.

Facing the threat of global spread, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has urged clinicians and the public in the United States to be alert for the virus.

The W.H.O.’s designation of a “public health emergency of international concern” is intended to prompt member countries to begin preparing for the virus’s appearance and to share vaccines, treatments and other key resources with poorer nations.

“We need concerted international action to stem this recent, novel outbreak,” said Gregg Gonsalves, an epidemiologist at Yale University who served on the W.H.O.’s mpox committee in 2022.

The outbreak that year stayed mostly within tight sexual networks, among gay and bisexual men. A combination of behavioral changes and vaccination tamped down the spread.

In the United States, for example, the toll dropped to about 1,700 cases last year from more than 30,000 in 2022.

The version of mpox that has been circulating in Congo has always been more virulent, and currently has a death rate of about 3 percent, compared with 0.2 percent in the 2022 outbreak. The infection can produce fever, respiratory symptoms, muscle aches and swollen lymph nodes, as well as a rash on the hands, feet, chest, mouth or genitals.

Until recently, it spread mainly through consumption of contaminated meat or close contact with infected animals and people. Most of the deaths have been in children, who in this region of Africa are already beset by malnutrition and infectious diseases like cholera, measles and polio.

Should the outbreak spread globally, children in developed countries are likely to be less vulnerable to severe illness, experts have said.

Last year, for the first time, scientists discovered sexual transmission of this version of mpox, with cases split about equally among young men and women. According to genetic analyses , sometime around September, the virus gained mutations that enabled it to spread more readily among people. It has done so partly through heterosexual prostitution .

This viral type has not surfaced outside Africa. Over all, there have been more than 17,500 presumed and confirmed mpox cases in 13 countries, according to Africa C.D.C . Most of the cases and deaths have occurred in Congo.

Given the rapid spread, the declaration of a global health emergency was justified, said Anne Rimoin, an epidemiologist at the University of California, Los Angeles, who served on the 2022 mpox panel.

“I think we learned a great deal about the speed with which this virus can spread,” she said.

Amid rising numbers, Congo has approved two mpox vaccines , a Japanese product called LC16 and Jynneos, the vaccine made by Bavarian Nordic that was used in 2022 in the United States and Europe. But Congo has yet to institute an immunization plan.

On Aug. 9, the W.H.O. invited vaccine manufacturers to apply for an emergency use listing , a prerequisite for international groups such as Gavi, a global vaccine alliance, to purchase and distribute the shots in low-income nations.

Bavarian Nordic has donated 15,000 doses of Jynneos to be distributed in African countries. But that is a tiny fraction of the 10 million doses needed to control the outbreak, according to Africa C.D.C.

“The challenge is that these vaccines are not sufficient,” even if countries try to protect only the people at highest risk, said Dr. Dimie Ogoina, a Nigerian scientist and chair of the W.H.O.’s mpox emergency committee.

LC16 was used in Japanese children in the 1970s. Clinical trials funded by the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations are now evaluating whether Jynneos can protect children and people who have already been exposed to the virus , Dr. Lurie said.

The organization is also supporting the development of a new mRNA vaccine made by BioNTech that would protect against mpox and related viruses, such as smallpox.

“This outbreak has been smoldering for quite a long time, and we continually have missed opportunities to shut it down,” Dr. Lurie said. “I’m really glad that everybody is now paying attention and focusing their efforts on this.”

Apoorva Mandavilli is a reporter focused on science and global health. She was a part of the team that won the 2021 Pulitzer Prize for Public Service for coverage of the pandemic. More about Apoorva Mandavilli