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Art Tourism in India: The Journey Through Cultural Heritage

• June 24, 2024
• architectural fulfilment , art destinations , art tourism , contemporary age , cultural heritage , indian art

Art tourism in India offers a captivating journey through the country’s rich and diverse cultural heritage. From ancient monuments adorned with intricate carvings to contemporary art galleries showcasing state of the art creativity, India’s artistic landscape is as vast and varied as its geography. In this blog, we set out on a virtual tour of some of the most compelling art destinations in India. Each of these offers a unique glimpse into the country’s artistic legacy and creative genius.

Art Tourism in Madhya Pradesh: Khajuraho Group of Monuments

The Khajuraho Group of Monuments is a UNESCO World Heritage site. It is found amidst the lush green forests of Madhya Pradesh and is renowned for its exquisite temple architecture and intricate sculptures. Dating back to the Chandela dynasty of the 10th and 11th centuries, these temples depict scenes from Hindu mythology, everyday life and eroticism with remarkable detail and craftsmanship. Art enthusiasts and history buffs find it compelling to flock to Khajuraho to marvel at these architectural masterpieces and uncover the mysteries of ancient Indian art and culture. 

These temples are primarily dedicated to Hindu gods and goddesses like Vishnu, Shiva and Devi. They are celebrated as part of art tourism, not only for their architectural splendour but also for the intricate and sensuous sculptures adorning their walls. The sculptures at Khajuraho are famous for their depiction of love and erotica, showcasing a celebration of human passions and emotions. Carved with remarkable detail and craftsmanship, they are known for portraying a wide range of amorous encounters, courtship and various other aspects of daily life. 

Despite their sensual nature, these sculptures also serve religious and symbolic purposes. They do a good job of representing the union of the divine with the mortal and the quest for spiritual enlightenment through physical and emotional fulfilment. Panels depict scenes from Hindu mythology, celestial beings, everyday life activities too. The artistry and mastery exhibited in these sculptures reflect the aesthetic sensibilities and cultural richness of the Chandela dynasty era, which is why it is an important monument of art tourism. 

Art Tourism in Jaipur: The Pink City of Arts

Jaipur is a treasure chest of artistic splendour. Every palace, the colourful bazaars and bustling streets depict a unique art scene. The city’s rich tradition of Rajasthani art and craft is on full display in its palaces-turned-museums. Some such examples are the City Palace and the Albert Hall Museum, which showcase exquisite textiles, paintings and artefacts. Visitors explore Jaipur’s thriving contemporary art scene at galleries like Jawahar Kala Kendra and Artchill. Art tourism in this splendid city features works by both established and emerging artists from across India.

Art tourism in Jaipur thrives on its rich heritage of traditional arts and crafts. The city is renowned for its exquisite handicrafts including block-printed textiles, pottery, jewellery and miniature paintings. The markets of Johari Bazaar and Bapu Bazaar offer a wide range of artisanal creations, showcasing the skill and creativity passed down through generations.

Jaipur is also home to magnificent palaces and forts such as the Hawa Mahal and Amber Fort, where visitors can marvel at intricate architecture and historical artefacts. The annual Jaipur Literature Festival further enhances the city’s cultural appeal, drawing writers, intellectuals and literary enthusiasts from across the world.

Art Tourism Through the Kochi-Muziris Biennale, Kerala

The Kochi-Muziris Biennale is India’s largest contemporary art festival, held biennially in the historic port city of Kochi, Kerala. It spans multiple venues, including heritage buildings, warehouses and public spaces. The biennale showcases a diverse range of artworks by Indian and international artists. From paintings and sculptures to installations and performances, it is a dynamic platform for art related dialogue, experimentation and cultural exchange. Art tourism is a big part of its culture and economic stability. It does a fabulous job in attracting art enthusiasts, scholars and tourists from around the world. 

This festival is collectively known as Muziris, which translates as an ancient port town with a rich multicultural history. This setting provides a unique backdrop that enriches the artistic experience, blending modern art with the region’s layered past. Artists from diverse backgrounds exhibit their works. It brings in art connoisseurs and collectors and engages with local communities through outreach programs, workshops and educational initiatives. 

The Kochi-Muziris Biennale has gained international acclaim for its eclectic mix of art, its emphasis on cultural exchange and fostering dialogue and creativity. It has become a significant event in the global art calendar. Visitors vacation to Kerala not only for its natural beauty but also for its vibrant contemporary art scene, making it a must-visit art tourism destination for art enthusiasts and cultural tourists. 

Art Tourism in Ellora and Ajanta Caves, Maharashtra

The Ellora and Ajanta Caves in Maharashtra are iconic UNESCO World Heritage sites that attract art and history enthusiasts from around the world. These caves are remarkable for their ancient rock-cut architecture and exquisite artworks. These sculptures date back to the 2nd century BCE to the 6th century CE and include marvellous pieces of Buddhist, Hindu and Jain religious traditions. 

Ajanta Caves, located near Aurangabad, are an amazing space for art tourism as they house some of the finest Buddhist rock-cut caves. These are famous for their stunning frescoes and intricate sculptures depicting Buddha’s life and teachings. These paintings are renowned for their vibrant colours, detailed narratives and spiritual depth, providing a glimpse into ancient Indian artistry and religious devotion.

Ellora Caves are situated about 30 kilometres from Aurangabad. It houses Buddhist, Hindu and Jain caves, showcasing a remarkable blend of religious art and architectural grandeur. The Kailasa Temple in Ellora, dedicated to Lord Shiva, is particularly awe-inspiring and is carved entirely from a single rock. Both sites offer visitors a profound cultural experience, where they can explore the craftsmanship and spiritual significance of ancient India. The Ellora and Ajanta Caves stand as enduring testaments to India’s rich artistic heritage. 

Taking everything into consideration… 

Art tourism in India offers an all inclusive journey through the country’s rich artistic sites and traditions. From ancient monuments and heritage sites to contemporary art galleries and cultural festivals, every inch of art is well thought out and maintained upto this present day! 

Whether one is exploring the exquisite carvings of Khajuraho, the vibrant art scene of Jaipur or experiencing the dynamic energy of the Kochi-Muziris Biennale, art enthusiasts are sure to find inspiration and delight in India’s diverse cultural landscape. They not only uncover the beauty and creativity of India’s artistic heritage but also forge meaningful connections with its people, history and customs. 

To learn more about art forms, download the Rooftop app from Google Play or App Store to stay updated on our upcoming art events and workshops. Stay tuned to rooftop blogs and follow us on @rooftop_app . 

By Freya Bulsara

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In Paintings: Journey Across India with Traveller-Artists

From the Buddhist pilgrims (Fa Hien and Huang Tsang) to the adventure travellers (Marco Polo and Ibn Batuta), India has been the travel destination for centuries. Long before ‘Incredible India’ and its catchy jingle, it was the accounts of these travellers that brought people from around the world to our doors. These accounts described the beauty and richness of Indian heritage, and their readers yearned to experience the exotic for themselves. While some managed to secure a passage to India, others could not. Now, it was up to the traveller artists to transfer India’s allure onto their canvases and let others experience India through their paintings.

These traveller artists came from varied backgrounds. Some were authors, poets and musicians, others historians and geographers. A few were even public officials, soldiers and war correspondents! But whether they drew monuments from a bygone era, captured the splendours of the Mughal court, or painted the bright bazaars full of spice and colour, these 19th and 20th century artists knew how to breathe life into their work and make their audiences feel acquainted with a land they had never set foot in.

We’ve compiled some itineraries for you, and our favourite ones are:

1. an architectural adventure with vasily vereshchagin.

Originally a Russian war painter, Vasily Vereshchagin took on a different subject in India. His paintings from his visit to India, first in 1873 and then in 1884, capture the most amazing architectural features; be it of a small monastery in Ladakh or a grand monument like the Taj. Much like Nicholas Roerich , a 20th c. Russian painter, Vereshchagin was also enamoured by the colossal Himalayas. But what set him apart from other painters of his time was his attention to detail. This combined with his use of bright colours created a realistic reproduction of late 19th c. India.

You can see more of his journey through India on our YouTube Video!

2. Explore India’s natural beauty with Marianne North

At a time when women travelling alone were frowned upon, Marianne North travelled the length and breadth of India, solo. A non-conformist in multiple senses, she travelled to touristy places like Jaipur, Agra, Delhi and Shimla, but also went off the beaten path to traverse the isolated villages of Kumaon in Uttarakhand and captured the natural beauty of these hills. As she was also a botanist, plants and flowers are key elements in all her paintings. Even her paintings of famous monuments like the Taj Mahal show her preference for nature.

Marianne recorded her adventures in her diary. About her Shimla residence she wrote:

My window looked over endless hills, with great Deodara branches, their stems and cones for foreground.

3. A postcard journey across India with Hiroshi Yoshida

From the Golden Temple to the Sanchi gateway, Hiroshi Yoshida captured all the major sights of India within his postcard sized paintings. Travelling in the 1930’s, Yoshida used his native Japanese technique of woodblock printing called ukiyo-e . However, this technique faced a set-back with the rise of photography. In order to revive the method, artists, including Yoshida, adopted the Shin hanga method where artists carved and painted bamboo blocks to print images. Yoshida learnt both carving and painting, so that he could create these miniatures from any corner of the world.

These are only 3 of the many, many artists who travelled India. Check out on our playlist to know more such stories!

Have you been paying attention? Take a quick look at the paintings again and come back to test your knowledge of traveller-artists! How many places can you match correctly with their corresponding paintings?

For more such games and quizzes, check our our Museum-Mojo section. You can also subscribe to our newsletter so you don’t miss out on any of them!

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Draw what you love: Eight artists who combine their passion for travel and art

There’s more to vacations than framing the perfect selfie..

Suhita Shirodkar, an illustrator and teacher, believes her sketchbook is what a camera is to a photographer. It accompanies Shirodkar everywhere, along with a set of Prismacolor pencils and watercolor paints, recording her travel experiences, “especially the ephemeral ones”.

For most people, travelling is the easiest way to recharge – getting away from home port offers new experiences, conversations and views. But for many young Indian artists like Shirodkar, it’s that and much more – it’s the inspiration that fires their imagination and forms the theme of their work.

Scroll.in spoke to some of these artists, for whom “travel essentials” imply their favorite sketchbooks and stationery.

Abhijit Kalan’s Minimal Landscapes

For illustrator and nature photographer Abhijit Kalan, his poetic minimal landscapes are a mix of his travels and dreams. He enjoys travelling to non-touristy places and clicking photographs for his image bank, especially of water bodies and seascapes. On returning to his studio, he converts these to simple but stunning artworks.

Speaking about this process, Mumbai-based Kalan said, “My journeys are never planned. Finding raw, undiscovered places is what attracts me. While creating my landscapes, the photographs are only there to remind me what I was thinking of at that particular moment. I dream a lot, and often see landscapes in my dreams. These landscapes are my memories. Each artwork is a tiny step in helping me learning different things.”

Sameer Kulavoor’s The Ghoda Cycle Project

Mumbai-based illustrator Sameer Kulavoor’s unique The Ghoda Cycle Project is an illustrated documentation of the cycle, and how culture, society, economy intersect on cycles across rural and urban India. Cycles are mobile shops – selling tea, vegetables, flowers, ice creams and more – and carry everything from cooking gas, milk, bread, newspapers to tiffins. “The drawings were not done while travelling, they were more like a post mortem done later in my studio. The Ghoda cycles were a subject I had been observing for a while and decided to put together as an individual project.”

Kulavoor points out that the sketches made on his recent travels to Kochi, New York and South East Asia are, however, drawn on location. Drawing and painting while travelling is a completely different experience for him. “It’s basically removing yourself from a familiar territory and exposing yourself to the new and unknown,” he said. “It has a huge impact on me and how I work, draw and paint. I’m sensitive to surroundings in general, so wherever I go and work, it’s like starting fresh.”

Siddharth Dasari’s Indian Locomotives

Designer Siddharth Dasari is constantly looking for ways to share stories. Thus emerged the project Indian locomotives , where an encounter with a retired locomotive designer of the Indian Railways – his grandfather’s colleague – led him to capture the trains of India in a colourful illustrated series. “He was proudly talking about the locomotives he designed and how, even today, they are helping bring people closer to each other,” Dasari said. “I decide to showcase these unsung heroes of travel in India through illustrations. So I went to the railway station the next day, clicked some photographs and used them as references to draw them digitally.”

Sachin Karle’s Time and the Way We Travel

Sachin Karle’s sketches employ a mix of real and surreal to find an expression of “how time and our mode of travel are so intricately interwoven”. He sent his sketchbook Time and the Way We Travel as a submission to the Sketchbook Project , which aims to create the largest collection of crowd-sourced sketchbooks from artists across the globe. It was received well.

The submission was a serious project, and Karle would spend every Saturday on it. “I’d make notes, create rough thumbnails, and then fine-tune the sketches.” While Karle confessed that he rarely travels for pleasure anymore, let alone carry a sketchbook everywhere, his phone has become his camera. “I don’t sit at each place and sketch. But it’s registered in my mind the way I experienced it. It’s not always exact but I take nuances from the place – a mailbox, light source, words – and capture them in my work.”

Kanika Sethi’s Faces of India

One of the most visually compelling series, Kanika Sethi’s Faces of India represents the tribes of India – from the Paraja and Gadaba tribes of Odisha to the Ladakhi tribes of Drokpa and Lamayury to Chhattisgarh’s Gond tribals. Sethi travels and photographs people, asking fellow travellers for help when she needs a translator. Speaking about her inspiration, she said, “I wanted these illustrations to look very graphic, simple and bold. Indian tribes have a very rich and colourful heritage, hence colour became a very important aspect of this series.” The series being a work-in-progress, but Kanika hopes to capture all the Indian tribes, and eventually move on to illustrating tribes around the world.

Taxi Fabric : India’s art gallery on wheels

Taxi Fabric, started by Mumbai-based entrepreneur Sanket Avlani, provides Indian designers with the unique canvas of taxi seats and ceilings to showcase their work. The process was simple enough – based on a theme, the artists made illustrations, which were then printed onto fabric. The upholstery and seat covers were then stitched, and these were finally fitted on to the taxi. The project lets everybody experience a little piece of India as they drive around Mumbai.

Neethi’s MP Tourism GIFs

Illustrated Madhya Pradesh project was a collaboration between Yahoo, Tumblr and the state’s tourism department. “It doesn’t get better than travelling and drawing, so in many ways this was a dream come true,” said Neethi, one of the Bengaluru-based illustrators for the project. “I spent seven days in Gwalior, Datia, Chanderi and places around, just discovering stories. I felt like I was almost interacting with history. That is exactly what I wanted my readers to feel, and why I presented the series in the form of GIFs.”

“The stories definitely struck a chord with the audience, which reaffirms my belief in breaking formats,” she added. “It’s great to see how receptive people are to new and inventive forms of story telling, and the Internet has proved to be a great medium for that.”

Suhita Shirodkar’s on location sketches

Suhita Shirodkar is an urban sketcher, a global community of artists who practice on-location drawing. Wherever she travels, she takes along her sketchbook and stationery. “Travel is a way to not only see new places, but to see the world afresh, even everyday and ordinary things,” she said. “What’s really essential to my process of capturing a sense of place is working on location... One person’s ordinary is another person’s exotic. A piece works for me when I can look back at it months later and be transported back to that place, the smells, the sights, the sounds, the light.”

All images are copyright of the artists.

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The land where classical melodies merge seamlessly with a mesmerising mosaic of exquisite paintings, ancient weaves and other handicrafts, divine dance forms, fascinating festivals and scintillating sculptures, India is a vibrant potpourri of arts and crafts. With each of its states and union territories bursting with ethnic flavours that multiply at every turn, the country sparkles with vitality and vivacity. 

Be it the gorgeous and remarkably intricate Bidriware in Bidar or the beautiful pink-kissed meenakari jewellery of Agra city, the roots of these crafts are embedded in various eras of history. While the premium heavy-weight silk Kanjeevaram sarees of Kanchipuram found a humble beginning during the reign of the Pallava kings (275 CE to 897 CE), the chikankari embroidery of Lucknow is said to be the endowment of Mughal empress, Nur Jahan, in the 17th century, who herself was a master of the craft.

To savour the nuances of India's diverse cultural palate, deep dive into some of the most awe-inspiring archives of the country's arts and crafts. 

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10 Must-Visit Vacation Destinations for Art Lovers in India

Since ancient times, almost every century in the History of Indian art has seen the birth of impressive monuments and works of art. If you’re enthusiastic or curious about art or simply an art lover, and travelling to the Indian sub-continent, these vacation destinations should be swimming around at the top of your bucket list!

Artsome selects ten breathtaking tourist attractions in India and art destinations that art lovers just cannot ignore!

10. Aurangabad

A literal treat for art lovers, the Ajanta Caves in Aurangabad, Maharashtra possesses some of the oldest and most detailed murals of the Mahayana school in Buddhist Art. The Bodhisattva Padmapani mural in cave number 1 dates back to the 5th century BC and is a must-see art destination for lovers of art.

9. Lepakshi, Andhra Pradesh

A small village in the Anantpur district of Andhra Pradesh, Lepakshi is historically quite a significant art destination. Art lovers, across the world, flock to see the gigantic sculpture of Lord Shiva’s vahana Nandi made from a single large piece of granite is situated 200 km from the Veerabhadra Temple.

8. Sanchi, Madhya Pradesh

The oldest stone structure in India (commissioned by Emperor Ashoka in 3rd century BC), the highlights of Sanchi Stupa are the four ornate toranas/gateways around the hemispherical central dome. The reliefs carved on these toranas narrate various stories related to the life, birth, and death of Buddha. It appears that they are talking to art lovers. The image below shows a female yakshi/attendant on the corner of the east Torana.

7. Hampi, Karnataka

Singularly responsible for attracting tourists and art lovers, Hampi, a village in the former capital of the Vijay Nagar Empire, is a must-visit art destination. A part of the Vittala temple complex, it houses a beautiful stone chariot, which is a shrine built in the shape of a chariot. 

6. Kolkata, West Bengal

If you are looking to witness the art of the Victorian age, then the Victoria Memorial at Kolkata is one of the most important art destinations that art lovers cannot miss. Victoria Memorial is a large marble building built by the British between 1906 and 1921in memory of Queen Victoria. Atop the central dome of the Victoria Memorial is the 16 feet tall figure of the Angel of Victory (shown in image). Now a burgeoning museum under the Ministry of Culture, the Victoria Memorial is a must-visit for art-crazy tourists.

5. Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh

If you are looking to peep into the life of the primitive man, then Bhimbhetka cave paintings located near Bhopal in Madhya Pradesh is a must-see spot for art lovers. These cave paintings date as far back as 8000 BC and are decorated with animals, people, various gods, and hunt for prey – an important site in the history of Indian Art and a must-see art destination.

4. Agra, Uttar Pradesh

One of the Seven Wonders of the World, the Taj Mahal in Agra, needs no introduction. Built by Emperor Shah Jahan (in the early 1600s) for his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal, it one of the favourite destinations, for art lovers and general tourists. The beautiful carvings at this world-famous white marble mausoleum and the pietra dura work are worth seeing at least once in your lifetime. The image below shows the front entrance of the monument. Art lovers across the world flock to see this eternal symbol of the love of an emperor for his wife.

3. Delhi, NCR

Delhi, the national capital is home to several well-stocked Museums, Art Galleries, and heritage sites. Out of them one that deserves a special mention and needs to be a part of the itinerary of every art lover is the famous Humayun’s tomb. Recently renovated, the tomb is a treat for art lovers. It is particularly beautiful as well as historically significant since it was the first garden-tomb and a precursor to the Taj Mahal. It was built by his widow Hajji Begum in 1570.

2. Khajuraho, Madhya Pradesh

The Khajuraho Group of Temples in Khajuraho, Madhya Pradesh, is one of the most popular tourist destinations in India with the largest group of medieval Hindu and Jain temples, famous for their erotic sculptures which are met with skepticism by many but are just meant to appease malevolent spirits. For art lovers, it is worth visiting to experience the scale and magnitude at which these temples have been constructed and decorated.

1. Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh

If you are a real art lover, and love sculptures, antiques and would like to see a major chunk of Indian history all in one place – then Salarjung Museum in Hyderabad city is a must-visit art destination for you. The famous marble sculpture of Veiled Rebecca will leave you breathless at the dedication and skill with which it has been made.

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A Sneak Peek into Evolution of India’s Madhubani Painting from Folk Tradition to International Profession

Folk art, culture and tradition are the attractions of rural tourism in India. Many foreign scholars and travelers take to off-the-beaten paths of villages in quest of the folk art forms of India every year. Indian Eagle connects them with Indian culture and heritage to promote rural tourism as its social responsibility. Like the previous article,” The Art and Craft of Raghurajpur in the State of Orissa” , our take on the Madhubani Painting of Bihar is an effort towards achieving the goal.

Image Credit: Madhubanipaintings.co.in

Connection with legends ?

Madhubani Painting is a famous rural art of Madhubani, a village in the Mithila region of Bihar State, India. The origin of this art form is traced to the time of the Ramayana when Lord Ram was the King of Ayodhya in North India. If the legends are to be believed, a group of artists was commissioned to decorate the wedding venue with beautiful paintings on the occasion of the marriage of Ram and Sita by Janak, the King of Mithila.

From tradition to profession

Madhubani Painting has been an age-old tradition that women in the countryside perpetuated as a practice to decorate their huts from outside as well as inside on social and religious occasions. It has evolved from a folk culture tradition into a popular form of Indian art with the wheeling of time. In the bygone times, signs and symbols of sexual pleasure used to be painted on the walls of the rooms where newlywed couples spent the first night of marriage. With menfolk in the villages of Bihar having taken up Madhubani Painting as a profession, women have lost the monopoly over it.

Image Credit:  Gaatha.com

Themes with religious bearings ?

The theme of Madhubani Painting is mostly influenced by the religious motifs and beliefs of Indians. Both practitioners and professionals of this traditional Indian art form are driven by love for nature and devotion for the Hindu deities. They depict the popular legends of Rama, Krishna, Durga, Kali, Shiva, Lakshmi, Saraswati and Indra, the abstract scenes from the courts of kings, and the familiar objects of day-to-day life through a palette of colors on cloth as well as canvas.

Close to the world of nature?

Lively illustration of natural objects such as the sun, the moon, flowers, birds and herbal plants like tulsi is popular with the artists of Madhubani Painting. The artists of the past years used organic colors derived or made from natural things like cow dung, charcoal soot, turmeric, flowers, plants, leaves, rice powder, sandalwood and indigo. The paintings on the walls and floors were close to simplicity and far from sophistication. Though the beauty of themes, the delicacy of sketching, and the flamboyance of colors are the mainstay of Madhubani painting even today.

Poetic and trantric connection

According to some art curators, Madhubani Painting was associated with the tantric culture of ancient  India  though it is still debated. The Mithila region of Bihar has been a seat of tantric practices for the Saiva and Sakti communities. References to the tantric connection of Madhubani Painting are found in the literary work of the poet Vidyapati who belonged to the 12th century.

Role of rural womenfolk ?

When the female members of Brahmin and Kayastha families were instructed to abide by the rules of the Panji System in 1326, differences appeared in the theme and style of Madhubani Painting based on their socio-economic status, lifestyles, creative levels and exposure to the outer world. The women from the upper reaches of society hardly experimented with themes, styles and motifs due to lack of exposure into the world beyond their confined existence. So their thought and imagination was limited to religious motifs and household rituals. Their Madhubani paintings became stylistic and intricate though variety was missing.

Socio-economic differences?

The paintings made by the women of lower castes like the Harijan exuded raw originality. Their paintings were less intricate and sophisticated than the works of the women of higher castes. They put emphasis on depth and beauty rather than ornamentation. Evidently, the socio-economic differences were apparent in the Madhubani Painting of? the previous eras.  Gobar, Godana, Bharmi, Geru, Kachni  and  Tantric  are some of the popular styles of this traditional art form.

International contributions?

With art-loving tourists from around the world having taken interest in the rural tourism and heritage of India, Madhubani Painting has gone beyond the confines of Mithila to touch international heights. India owes the worldwide popularity of Madhubani Painting to Japan, Germany, France and America in particular.  The Mithila Museum in Tokamachi, Japan , exhibits some 900 paintings of different styles from Madhubani.  ?The Women Painters of Mithila? , a book on Madhubani Painting by a French journalist was adapted into a film.  The Master Craftsmen Association of Mithila , founded by an American in 1977, helps the artists of Madhubani with the sale of their creations through exhibitions.

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Art Tourism – A journey through Indian history

August 6, 2021

/ By Susanti Sarkar / New Delhi

Visitors at Jehangir art gallery in Mumbai (Photo: Flickr)

India is one of the richest countries in the world in terms of its cultural heritage, with a myriad of religions, languages, and traditions that have resulted in a diverse array of artistic endeavours, from sculptures and temples to modern contemporary paintings and handicrafts. From the earliest paintings ever found in India, which were animal and human figures scratched onto the Bhimbetka caves in Madhya Pradesh, to 21 st century Indian artists who have been celebrated globally like Satish Gujral and Nasreen Muhamadi, India has a plethora of schools of paintings that are displayed in galleries and museums across the country, as well as a diverse offering of regional crafts tours.

Private art galleries have been established in India since the 1900s, providing a platform where Indian modernists and contemporary artists could sell their paintings to buyers. Museums also let art lovers experience centuries of history and culture through different mediums. Countries have been endorsing art tourism as a way for tourists to appreciate art of different regions, curated specially for gallery owners, artists, collectors, museum curators and art students.

Often, these artists also travel around the world to seek ideas and inspirations for creating new art. Globally, the West, especially countries in Europe and America, is famous for such attractions, such the Louvre in Paris, the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, and the Van Gogh museum in Amsterdam. Some tour companies also have tours specially designed for such tourists to travel to locations with unique pieces, explore and engage related to art, such as galleries, museum tours, and even festivals and cuisine events. Although the official concept of art tourism might not be so widespread in India yet, the country boasts a number of masterpieces that are globally recognised.

Here is a list of some of the most unique art galleries and art museums in India that feature world-famous Indian artists and works of art that continue to inspire artists today.

Government Museum, Chennai

A South-Indian Tanjore painting

The Government Museum in Chennai, also known as the Madras Museum, was established in 1851. It is the third-largest museum in the world and houses the National Art Gallery that underwent an extensive renovation with a budget of INR 110 million in 2019. It is known for containing rare works of Raja Ravi Varma, who is considered one of the greatest painters in the history of Indian Art. Varma’s works were a brilliant fusion of European academic art and Indian iconography, and he was awarded the Kaisar-i-Hind Gold Medal in 1904 by the British king emperor for his contribution to the arts and public interest in India.

One of the gallery’s most unique displays is its collection of Tanjore paintings, which are a classical South Indian painting style primarily religious in its inspiration, originating from the town of Thanjavur in Tamil Nadu. Usually done on wooden planks, the painting style is known for its rich and vivid colours, glittering gold foil work overlaid on gesso work and the incorporation of glass beads and semi-precious gems. Collections of Tanjore paintings are also housed in the British and Victoria & Albert museums in England and in the National Museum of Copenhagen, so the Government Museum is a great place for art-loving locals to see one of India’s artistic gems.

The National Gallery of Modern Art, New Delhi

Another government initiative, the National Gallery of Modern Art was started in 1954 and has over 14,000 paintings both by foreign and Indian artists such as Raja Ravi Varma and the Tagore brothers. Of the Western and Far Eastern artists, NGMA has paintings by those who visited India in the 18 th and 19 th centuries and depicted portraits and exotic Indian scenes in their art, including William Hodges and Emily Eden.

NGMA was established particularly to promote more modern contemporary art from the 19 th century onwards. One of the regional painting schools it features is Kalighat painting, which originated in the then-British-Indian capital of India, Calcutta. Artisan communities used mill-made paper and ink to illustrate romantic drawings of women or satirical paintings of the newly rich, among others. The way these paintings captured the essence of people’s daily lives made it a unique style which even today influences notable artists like Jamini Roy, whose collection is featured in NGMA.

Jehangir Art Gallery, Mumbai

A Satish Gujral creation

The Jehangir Art Gallery is a private gallery in Mumbai, which was established in 1952. It houses some of the finest art creations in the world and boasts paintings from famous Indian artists such as Jamini Roy and Arpita Singh. These artists have made a name for themselves globally and artists all over India line up for opportunities to display their work at Jehangir.

For example, Satish Gujral, who held several exhibitions at Jehangir, was one of the few Indian artists with paintings featured in the prestigious Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York. Gujral was one of the most experimental artists in the history of modern Indian art and was awarded the Padma Vibhushan in 1998, as well as international honours like Belgium’s Order of the Crown for Architecture. Thus, galleries like these provide excellent opportunities for Indians to see world-renowned artists in their own neighbourhood.

The Government Museum and Art Gallery, Chandigarh

The Chandigarh art gallery was founded in 1968 due to the partition of India in 1947. Prior to the partition, the extensive collection of paintings and sculptures belonged to the museum in Lahore but after independence, it was shared between India and Pakistan.

The art gallery holds paintings from prominent artists such as Amrita Sher-Gil and Rabindranath Tagore. Notably, the museum also has several Gandhara sculptures: different forms of Buddha, often uniquely portrayed in a beautiful, Greek-god-like form due to the Indo-Greek influence of the era.

National Museum, New Delhi

The iconic Krishna and Radha in a Pavillion Pahari painting

The National Museum in Delhi was established in 1949 and is especially prominent for displaying the largest collection of miniature paintings in the country, ranging from the time periods of 10 th to 20 th century. The museum contains around 17,000 paintings, which represent important styles of Indian miniatures, such as Deccani (South India), Mughal (Central and North India), Rajasthani and Pahari. The collection also includes a diverse array of murals, cloth and wood paintings.

Originating from the Himalayan hill kingdoms of North India, Pahari painting is one of the most illustrious and lyrically beautiful schools of paintings in Indian art history. They usually capture stories of Mughals, Rajput kings and deities. The most famous Pahari painting called Krishna and Radha in a Pavillion depicts the lovers beneath a jeweled pavilion in a lavish garden of ripe mangoes and flowering shrubs, while the sky fleetingly lights up with a lightning flash – a technique customarily used in Pahari miniatures to signify pleasure and excitement; the original can only be seen by art lovers at the National Museum.

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Indigenous Tourism in India: Evaluating the Strengths of Mithila Painting Art and Heritage and Suggesting Integrated Marketing Development Approach for Sustainable Promoti

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Since many generations, the folks of Mithilaecifically, the womenfolk have been creating a vigorous and distinct style of painting, known for its free hand skating and use of natural colures, carry forwarded from one to another generation through ‘mother’s-to-daughters’ tradition.

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Every artist is constantly looking for inspiration. Travelling can not only bring a fresher perspective but can also help you with tons of fresh ideas to work with. While some cities have a great historic value some states offer modern colonial inspiration. Let us have a look at some of the best art cities of India when it comes to artistic inspiration.

Artistic Cities of India that will feed and satiate your aesthetic hunger.

Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh:

To any artist who is trying to find a lost world charm in today’s modern-day world, Varanasi is one of the best cities to get creative. The stunning Ghats on the banks of river Ganga, ancient temples, and the spiritual background of the city will certainly inspire the artist within you.

Jaipur, Rajasthan:

Rajasthan has always been a culturally rich state and the city of Jaipur adds to its glory. Jaipur is extremely efficient when it comes to architectural heritage and also textiles and jewels. The Rajputana Charm still reflects in the hustle and bustle of the city and stands tall in the form of monuments like the Jaipur City Palace , Hawa Mahal, and Jantar Mantar. Not only is it one of the most stunning but also one of the most scientifically and carefully planned cities of India.

What can we say, Rajasthan has our heart. The Lake City of Udaipur is every bit magnificent and a completely out-of-the-box city. You can see the co-existence of traditional and contemporary here as it is very evident in monuments like The Monsoon Palace, Fateh Sagar Lake, City Palace, etc. Also if you are looking to visit the yester world of the Rajput Dynasty, Chittorgarh and Kumbhalgarh will certainly be the highlight of your trip.

Chennai, Tamil Nadu:

 When in India, definitely visit the southern cities and states. The rich cultural context of Chennai reflects in the temples, lifestyle, and even recreational activities of the city.  Glimpses of secular co-existence of cultures can be observed here. You are sure to be entertained and also be inspired by the mesmerizing city of Chennai.

Kolkata, West Bengal :

Kolkata has a Bengali charisma that makes it one of the best art cities of India like no other. To paint a picture so beautiful you will have to visit Kolkata in Person. The city where the tram still runs on the roads, the unique yellow-green taxis, and the grand colonial influence reflects on the Britisher’s favourite city.  If you visit Kolkata during the Durga Utsav, you can feel goosebumps at the site of this city that completely colours itself in a red and white saree. 

Moreover, even the most creative of minds are in dire need of new ideas. Hence, these cities could inspire them. If you are an artist on the lookout for something that takes your breath away and leaves you with ‘i need to have this city in my art’ you found your right beginning.

Also follow India Chalk on Instagram for more amazing travel content. You can share your travel story with us. Reach out to us on email at contact[at]ndiachalk[dot]com. This blog is curated by India Chalk and written by Megha Sapre.

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9 Art of Andhra Pradesh: Exploring India’s Beautiful Craft Capital

Explore the art of andhra pradesh, india’s art capital, where age-old traditions meet contemporary creativity, to showcase exquisite craftsmanship and vibrant heritage..

Art of Andhra Pradesh encompasses a rich tapestry of artistic expressions, spanning diverse mediums such as painting, sculpture, pottery, and textile arts like silk weaving. A hallmark of Indian art is its strong sense of design, evident in both its traditional and contemporary manifestations.

The roots of Indian art delve deep into antiquity, with evidence of artistic endeavours dating back to prehistoric settlements in the 3rd millennium BCE. Over the millennia, the Art of Andhra Pradesh has evolved, shaped by cultural, religious, and regional influences. Notably, sculpture in stone and metal, often depicting religious themes, has endured the test of time, offering glimpses into India’s rich artistic heritage.

Among the many regions renowned for their artistic prowess, Andhra Pradesh stands out as a veritable hub of creativity. Known for its delectable cuisine, including the famed biryani and haleem, Andhra Pradesh also boasts a distinctive tradition of craftsmanship, exemplified by the intricate art of Kondapalli wooden doll making and handloom weaving, among others. These crafts not only showcase the artisans’ skill and creativity but also serve as repositories of cultural heritage, preserving age-old techniques and traditions for posterity.

As we delve deeper into the artistic landscape of Andhra, we uncover a world where craftsmanship intertwines with cultural heritage, resulting in creations that captivate the senses and tell stories of a land steeped in tradition and innovation. Join us on a journey through the vibrant streets and workshops of Andhra Pradesh, where every brushstroke and weave speaks volumes about the enduring spirit of Indian artistry.

Kondapalli Dolls- Art of Andhra Pradesh

Located within the enchanting landscape of the Krishna district near Vijayawada, the age-old tradition of crafting Kondapalli toys continues to thrive, echoing the rich heritage and artistic prowess of the region. For centuries, artisans in the quaint Bommala Colony, aptly named Toys Colony, have meticulously preserved and passed down this cherished art form from generation to generation.

The legacy of Kondapalli toys spans over four centuries, deeply interwoven with the cultural fabric of Telugu society. Once renowned and cherished far beyond the borders of India, these toys hold a special place in the hearts of locals, their popularity transcending time and generations.

Legend has it that the roots of Kondapalli toy-making trace back to the ancient scriptures, with skilled artisans known as Aryakhastriyas or Nakarshalu, believed to have migrated to the region from Rajasthan in the 16th century. It is said that their craft was bestowed upon them by divine intervention, as they learned the art from the sage Muktharishi, blessed with artistic talents by Lord Shiva himself.

The process of creating Kondapalli toys is a labour of love and precision. Using softwood sourced from the nearby Kondapalli Hills, artisans meticulously carve each piece by hand, paying meticulous attention to detail. These individual pieces are then expertly assembled using a paste made from tamarind seed powder and sawdust known as makku.

The finishing touches involve adding intricate designs and vibrant colours, achieved through the use of oil, watercolours, or vegetable dyes. Each toy is not just a work of art but a testament to the craftsmanship, creativity, and cultural heritage of Andhra Pradesh, reflecting the enduring spirit of its artisans.

Handlooms- Art of Andhra Pradesh

The art of Andhra Pradesh has been celebrated since antiquity for its exquisite hand-woven textiles, a testament to the skill and artistry of its weavers. Among its most revered creations are the handwoven sarees, known for their unparalleled elegance and intricate designs. These sarees, adorned with richly woven ‘pallous’, showcase the mastery of Andhra’s weavers in creating timeless pieces of wearable art.

The borders of these sarees are often embellished with exquisite threadwork, typically crafted from precious metals such as gold or silver, adding a touch of opulence to the fabric. Each region in Andhra Pradesh boasts its unique style of handloom weaving, with distinct patterns, motifs, and weaving techniques that reflect the cultural heritage and traditions of the area.

Traditionally, Andhra Pradesh’s handloom industry primarily focused on producing fabrics woven from natural silk and cotton fibres. However, in response to changing consumer preferences and market demands, weavers have adapted their craft to create innovative blends of silk and cotton known as ‘cotton silk’ or ‘sico’. These hybrid fabrics combine the luxurious texture of silk with the comfort and durability of cotton, offering a versatile and modern alternative to traditional handwoven textiles.

The story of Andhra Pradesh’s handloom heritage is one of diversity and excellence, with various categories showcasing the best of the region’s weaving traditions. From the intricate designs of Kalamkari to the vibrant hues of Dharmavaram silk, each category represents a unique aspect of Andhra’s rich textile legacy, perpetuating centuries-old traditions while embracing innovation for the modern era.

Dharmavaram Silk Sarees- Art of Andhra Pradesh

Dharmavaram Silk sarees, hailing from Andhra Pradesh, are renowned for their superior craftsmanship, vivid hues, and classic charm, significantly contributing to the area’s cultural legacy. These sarees, originating from the town of Dharmavaram in the Anantapur district, boast a rich history of over 120 years, distinguished early on by their innovative dual-tone appearance, setting a new standard in ethnic fashion.

Crafted on handlooms using mulberry silk and zari, they feature elaborate borders, gradient pallus, and traditional patterns that capture Andhra Pradesh’s cultural depth. Over time, they’ve seamlessly integrated modern styles while retaining their heritage aesthetic, making them a favoured choice for weddings and festive occasions.

The creation of Dharmavaram Silk sarees demonstrates the local weavers’ extraordinary talent and commitment, a craft passed down through generations, enhancing its appeal both domestically and abroad.

Mangalagiri Silk Sarees- Art of Andhra Pradesh

Named after the picturesque village of Mangalagiri, nestled near Vijayawada, Mangalagiri sarees are renowned for their vibrant hues and minimalist elegance. Unlike many traditional sarees, Mangalagiri sarees eschew embellishments on the main body, focusing instead on their distinctive features: a striped golden pallu and intricate zari border. Their enduring popularity stems from their durability, crafted from smooth cotton with a simple yet timeless design, attracting admirers worldwide.

Mangalagiri sarees are crafted with meticulous attention to detail, typically woven using fine 80s combed cotton yarn for both warp and weft, with an additional warp design in the border, famously known as the “Nizam Border.” This unique design incorporates a blend of twill, rib, and diamond weaves, seamlessly arranged from the edge of the selvedge without interruption. Zari threads are intricately woven into the extra warp design, adding a touch of opulence to the saree.

Available in a plethora of resplendent colours and vibrant shot combinations, Mangalagiri sarees exude a timeless charm that transcends trends, making them a cherished addition to any wardrobe.

Venkatgiri Sarees- Art of Andhra Pradesh

Venkatagiri sarees, renowned for their exquisite craftsmanship, are predominantly fashioned from a blend of cotton and silk or pure silk, meticulously woven on traditional pit looms. This art of weaving, deeply rooted in the heritage of Venkatagiri, traces its origins back approximately 14 generations, believed to have commenced during the reign of the Venkatagiri Raja. Today, this timeless art of Andhra Pradesh engages approximately 70,000 individuals from the village, a testament to its enduring legacy.

To identify an authentic Venkatagiri saree, observe the unique zari embellishments along its borders and pallu. These sarees are crafted from high-quality cotton, known for their high thread count, which imparts a luxuriously soft and silky feel to the fabric.

Traditionally, members of the Padmashali community were primarily involved in this artisanal work, but over time, artisans from diverse backgrounds have embraced the craft. Spanning five generations, craftsmen have dedicated their lives to perfecting the art of Venkatagiri saree-making.

Situated in the quaint village of Venkatagiri within the Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh, the preference for raw materials has evolved over time. While cotton was previously favoured to suit climatic conditions, contemporary preferences lean towards pure silk, tailored to meet customer demands.

The production process involves sourcing raw materials from various regions across India, with cotton yarns procured from Coimbatore, silk yarns from Bangalore, zari from Surat, and dyestuffs from Chennai and Vijayawada. This amalgamation of materials from different corners of the country contributes to the unique charm and quality of Venkatagiri sarees.

Uppada Pattu Sarees- Art of Andhra Pradesh

Uppada Pattu Sarees, renowned for their distinctive craftsmanship, originate from Uppada, situated in the East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh, near Kakinada. These sarees have their roots in the ancient art of Jamdani weaving, which dates back approximately 300 years in Bangladesh. However, with the decline of Jamdani weaving post the Industrial Revolution, artisans in Andhra Pradesh adapted these techniques to local designs and aesthetics, giving rise to the unique creation known as Uppada Pattu sarees.

In the creation of authentic Uppada sarees, silver zari is first immersed in liquid gold before being woven into the fabric. To recognize a genuine Uppada saree, one should examine the motifs on the reverse side, which should be as meticulously detailed as those on the front. The Uppada technique allows for an endless variety of patterns and designs, showcasing the versatility and skill of the weavers.

The intricate patterns and labour-intensive process are synonymous with woven textiles across the country, and Uppada Pattu Sarees are no exception. Each saree requires meticulous attention and can take anywhere from 10 to 60 days to complete, with artisans dedicating around 10 hours of labour each day to the weaving process.

The journey of creating a Uppada Pattu Saree begins with the meticulous planning of the weave on graph paper, followed by the weaving process where threads are meticulously arranged in a 100-count pattern. Working in pairs, two weavers collaborate on a single loom to intricately weave ornate patterns, often incorporating zari for added richness and elegance.

Tholu Bommalata (Leather Puppets)- Art of Andhra Pradesh

Tholu Bommalata, the leather puppet theatre originating from Andhra Pradesh, stands as a distinctive embodiment of both tangible and intangible cultural heritage within the art of Andhra Pradesh. Crafted from translucent goatskin, these puppets are notable for their grand size and vibrant hues.

Each puppet is a masterpiece of intricate detailing, adorned with vibrant colours and delicate perforations, capturing the eye with its vivid presence. Locally known as Tholu Bommalata, this traditional art form traces its roots back to the 16th century, flourishing under the patronage of Vijayanagara rulers.

Legend has it that Tholu Bommalata has its origins in the ancient theatrical form known as “Chhaya Nataka” or shadow drama, believed to have originated in Gujarat around a millennium ago before spreading to Maharashtra. Over time, it migrated across different regions of India, evolving and flourishing along the way. Today, the tradition of shadow puppet theatre thrives in states like Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, and Odisha, each region adding its own unique cultural nuances to this age-old art form.

Budithi Brassware- Art of Andhra Pradesh

Andhra Pradesh boasts the distinctive Budithi art, a renowned form of metal handicrafts in India, originating from the Budithi village in the Srikakulam district. This art form is celebrated for its exquisite metalwork, blending traditional techniques with contemporary styles to produce stunning creations. The primary metal used in Budithi art is brass, known for its versatility and lustrous finish, which adds a timeless charm to the handicrafts.

What was once a cherished tradition in the village has now evolved into a thriving profession for the locals, thanks to the patronage of the state government and increased recognition. The repertoire of Budithi art includes a variety of items such as Bindelu (water containers), flower vases, utensils, and more. Moreover, brass is also utilized for crafting statues of deities, household utensils, and decorative pieces, further diversifying the range of products.

The popularity of Budithi art continues to soar, with its products sought after by collectors and enthusiasts alike. The price of these exquisite creations varies depending on factors like quality and design intricacy, making them accessible to a wide range of consumers while ensuring that each piece remains a testament to the skilled craftsmanship of Andhra Pradesh.

Bobbili Veena- Art of Andhra Pradesh

Renowned as the ‘Bobbili Veena’, the traditional ‘Saraswati Veena’ hailing from Bobbili is celebrated for its melodious tunes and unique resonance. Crafted with meticulous care, these veenas are fashioned from logs of jackwood sourced from Gollapalli, a town in Bobbili. The process of transforming a mute wood log into a finely tuned musical instrument spans nearly a month. Jackwood, prized for its lightweight nature and distinct grain, is preferred for its ability to produce quality tones.

The selection of wood is crucial, considering factors like thickness and strength, which contribute to the instrument’s overall quality. Known as ‘Ekandi Veena’, each instrument is carved from a single piece of wood, ensuring unity and resonance in sound production. These Veenas also stand out for their intricate designs adorning the body, adding to their exclusivity.

Dating back to the Seventeenth Century, Bobbili Veenas are played in a distinctive style, giving rise to the ‘Bobbili Veena Sampradayam’. Additionally, miniature versions of these Veenas, crafted with the same materials and attention to detail as their larger counterparts, serve as excellent options for gifts and collector’s items.

Udayagiri wooden cutlery- Art of Andhra Pradesh

The exquisite Udayagiri wooden cutlery stands as a testament to the transformative power of art, elevating the ordinary into objects of beauty and functionality. Crafted with precision, this collection from the Art of Andhra Pradesh includes finely carved spoons, forks, knives, and bowls, merging utility with ornamental allure. It’s a testimony to the notion that even the simplest tools of everyday life can be turned into regal pieces that enhance dining experiences.

Udayagiri, situated in the Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh, has a rich history dating back to the 14th century when it was ruled by the Gajapatis of Odisha. The tradition of Udayagiri wooden cutlery emerged from the skilled hands of local artisans, nurtured under the patronage of royal families in the region.

Adorned with Persian-inspired motifs, the wooden cutlery reflects a blend of cultural influences and artistic ingenuity. This craft, spanning over 150 years, has been carefully passed down from one generation of artisans to the next. While traditionally a male-dominated craft, in recent years, more females have become involved in the design and development of these elegant creations, further enriching the legacy of Udayagiri wooden cutlery.

From vibrant textiles to detailed paintings and unique pottery, these crafts are not just products, but stories woven into the very fabric of Andhra’s culture. Let the art of Andhra Pradesh inspire you to explore further, appreciate the beauty in craftsmanship, and recognize the incredible diversity of India’s artistic heritage.

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15 Incredible Tribal Art of India that you should know about

Last Updated on March 29, 2024

In this post I will take you on a virtual tour through some of the most unique tribal art forms in India. If you want to have an immersive cultural experience in India, then look for the different types of tribal art that emerged from the area. You'll be amazed at the diversity of it, and how much it is connected to the history and lifestyle of the place.

Study of different indegenous art forms in India is very close to my heart. My love for this intensified when I organized “Kalakaar Vikas”, a unique rural-art fair at IIT Kharagpur. It was in the course of these two years when I had the honor of interacting with artisans from remote villages and giving them a platform to showcase their talent to the world.

I owe my limited knowledge of these rural art forms from these artists who came to our institute with their unparalleled artwork in the hope of a better future for their family and their art.

I also reached out to my travel blogger friends who have actually visited the places where many families depend on their skills in these traditional art forms for their livelihood. They were generous to share their experiences and stories about the art forms they discovered while travelling in the remote corners of the country.

The post contains affiliate links for tours, hotels etc. This means if you make any purchase through the links in the post, I may get a commission without any additional cost to you.

Dhokra in West Bengal

By Madhurima, Orange Wayfarer

Located at Bankura, a 4 hours drive from Kolkata , the Bikna Village is tucked inside the interiors of rural Bengal. It looks like one of those idyllic villages, where calm prevails in daily mundane.

However, if you look closely, you will see outstanding artists involved in those daily chores, who despite being denied any limelight of modern media houses, have been preserving an art form dating back to the era of Mohenjadaro civilization!

Yes, I am talking about the mindful art of Dhokra, the ancient form of which is found in the dancing girl statue from the ruins of Harappan civilization. Traditionally, the Dhokra Damar artists were Banjara (gypsy). A few government grants were endowed.

They were given a piece of land. A stream of support ensured they have enough time to practice the Dhokra art. They settled. The art sustained and lived in the age of increasing pressure from fast fashion industry and Chinese replica.

Dhokra art is a produce of lost wax casting technique. Needless to say, it is a form of handicraft and demands undivided attention for hours in front of fire. Dhokra art usually manifests itself in various form of tribal life, religious deities, home decor items, lamp stand.

There is an increased demand for traditional Dhokra jewelry. They are beautiful and renders timeless class to one's style statement. They particularly go well with saree or Indian ethnic wear. Poushmela in Shantiniketan is an event where plenty of Dhokra art is found at a place. they are affordable as well.

The art of Dhokra has its presence in Eastern and southern parts of India, namely Telengana and Kerala and Jharkhand.

Buy dhokra artefacts online .

Pattachitra from Orissa

By Anwesha, Going Places with Anwesha

Pattachitra is a thousand years old traditional style of painting which originated from the Indian states of Odisha and West Bengal, where the painting is done on a cloth-based canvas.

Hence the name – evolved from two Sanskrit words Patta – meaning canvas and Chitra – meaning picture. This art form is famous for its minute intricacies and the paintings are inspired by Hindu mythology, especially inspired by the tales of Lord Jagannath.

The paintings are manifested by rich organic colors, depicting creative motifs and designs, portraying simple themes leaning mostly towards mythology. Lord Jagannath in the present form (as seen in the Puri’s Jagannath temple) is being taken as the origin of the Patta style.

The oldest record of the paintings does not go beyond the establishment of the present shrine of Lord Jagannath at Puri, due to the fact that paintings do not survive like sculptures. The paints inside the shrines of Lord Jagannath at Puri leaves the dates for assumptions, making the Pattachitra paintings as old as the deities themselves.

This age-old tradition of painting still survives in places like Puri, Raghurajpur , Paralakhemundi, Chikiti, and Sonepur. Generations of painters along with their whole family, work on to create some of the most beautiful art pieces found in the country.

Women in the family prepare the glue, the canvas and apply colors on the outlines and give the final lacquer coating. The master hand, mostly a male member of the family, draws the initial outlines and gives the final finishing.

Madhubani Painting of Bihar

Also known as Mithila painting this art form is popular in the state of Mithila in Nepal and Bihar in India. Its origins be traced back to the age of Hindu epic Ramayana! These are scroll paintings inspired by nature and folktales, which are made from organic colors.

The specialty of these paintings is in their details and the fine lines. All white spaces on the paper are covered with floral and geometric patterns.

These paintings were done on the walls of the nuptial chamber of newly-weds and were coated with mud and cow dung.

Color sources of Madhubani paintings are plants, charcoal soot, turmeric, flower juice, leaf juice, rice powder, etc. This beautiful ancient art form is often used to depict stories of Ramayana and other folklores.

Trivia: This ancient art form unknown to the rest of the world until the Nepal earthquake of 1934. A British officer in the Madhubani district of Bihar found these paintings on the walls of the homes affected by the earthquake.

Surprisingly, the existence of this art form remained unknown to the outside world until the earthquake of 1934 when houses along the India-Nepal border tumbled down and the then British colonial officer in Madhubani district of Bihar stumbled upon these paintings on the walls of those homes!

Click to buy Madhubani Canvas paintings online.

Kalamkari Painting Andhra Pradesh

Kalamkari literally translates to pen-art. Like Pattachitra of Orissa and Madhubani paintings of Bihar, Kalamkari painting of Andhra Pradesh also originates from the urge of storytelling. Nomadic artists went from one village to another to tell stories from Hindu mythology and illustrated them on a large canvas with Kalamkari.

You can easily distinguish the Kalamkari from other rural paintings by the choice of material and color. Kalamkari is done on clothes stiffened by dipping in chemicals or buffalo milk which are then dried under the sun. The fine lines of Kalamkari were obtained by the use of bamboo or date pam stick pointed at one end, instead of a brush.

Kalamkari attained its full glory during the Golconda sultanate rule in Hyderabad in the middle-ages and flourished under the Mughals, who called these artists qualamkars, giving the art its name.

An art form depicting scenes of Hindu epics and later of Gautam Buddha attained its name and fame in the age of Mughals – this shows how the amalgamation of cultures all over the world shapes the unique cultural heritage of India.

Even today many families of rural Andhra Pradesh depend on Kalamkari for their livelihood. The appeal of Kalamkari paintings is such that they have now found place in modern tunics, skirts and scarves. You can shop for these on Amazon and FabIndia .

Block Printing in villages of Rajasthan and Gujarat

By Jing from Finding Jing

Block printing is a technique that has probably been practiced in India as far back as 2,000 years ago. Wood block printing is a method by which carved wooden blocks are dipped in dye and repeatedly stamped on fabric to create beautiful patterns.

The technique is said to have been adopted from China. However, different regions in India began to develop their own distinguishing patterns, techniques and dyes over the years. Early practice of block printing was mainly done in Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal.

The production of block-printed fabrics involves more laborious processes than meets the eye. It entails skillful labor from intricate wood carving, dyeing, repeated washing and drying, and stamping.

What is special about block printing is that this gamut of processes became a shared livelihood for an entire community. Families, also representing caste groups, take on particular roles in the block printing process.

Today, despite threats from stiff competition with mass-produced prints, the art of block printing still survives, mainly in Gujarat and Rajasthan.

Unlike machine-produced prints, every block-printed fabric stamped by hand, is unique. Patronizing authentic hand block prints is one of the ways we can support this declining craft.

You can visit one of the villages in Gujarat and Rajasthan, like the Bagru block printing community, near Jaipur. Gain appreciation on how the locals keep the tradition alive despite threats to its economic and environmental sustainability. 

Rabari Embroidery of Gujarat

By Sapna , My Simple Sojourn

The hand embroidery done by nomadic and semi-nomadic people from the Great Rann of Kutch in Gujarat is one of my favorite items. These nomadic tribe is known as Rabari, hence its named Rabari embroidery. This embroidery is characterized by vibrant colors and chain stitch often accompanied by mirror-work.

Since this embroidery is very dense so the garments are thick and heavy in weight. This is the reason why people wear garments made with this embroidery during winters or on special occasions.

Women folks mostly do the Rabari embroidery but sometimes men also do this. Women do embroidery on garments, wall hanging, home textile and decorative items made with fabric. While Rabari men do it on leather items with this embroidery.

Since the Great Rann of Kutch is barren salt desert, these people started making vibrant embroidery to add colors to their otherwise dull life. In earlier days girls use to do embroidery on their clothes, bedsheets, decorative items which they would then carry with them after marriage.

This used to be the dowry for girls. As time changed and city people came in contact with Rabari people, they saw the beautiful hand embroideries done by them. Their products are beautiful and got popular in cities. So, the things that used to dowry items at one point in time became popular Indian souvenir in cities.

Buy Rabari Embroidery Designs here.

Masks of Majuli, Assam

By Agni and Amrita, Tale of Two Backpackers

Majuli, the largest riverine island in Indi is a great offbeat destination for nature-lovers. But this beautiful island is Assam is also the birthplace and home to a unique traditional art and craft form.

Mask making is an integral part of the culture of Majuli and its Satras. Traditionally these masks were used for religious dance and drama.

The mask making of Majuli is inexorably linked with the Sattriya culture. It is one of the most fascinating tribal crafts of India.

His teachings and philosophies shaped Majuli in the way it is today, a unique mix of religion, culture and art. Sri Shankardeva wrote plays on the life of Lord Krishna and performed traditional theatres known as Bhaona in the villages to disseminate his teachings. These masks were used in the Bhaona performances.

Today, mask making is almost a vanishing tradition in Majuli. The New Chamaguri Satra is the place where the tradition is still being kept alive. Once you reach New Chamaguri satra, you will see rooms filled with masks of various mythological characters displayed on the walls and floor.

The villagers of Chamaguri are trying their best to keep this tradition alive, even though the mask making is an elaborate process and the very few in the current generation are interested in it. Nowadays, visitors can indulge in mask making process to understand the nuances of the craft.

The masks are also kept for sale. With the hard work of these people, hopefully the dying tradition of mask making gets a new lease of life.

Kushamandi Masks or Mukha of West Bengal

Kushamandi Masks, traditionally known as Mukha are one of the most interesting forms of Adivasi art and craft in West Bengal. These masks are usually made as objects of devotion by the villagers. But these masks are also used in Gomira performances in the villages.

The mask making is usually concentrated in the village of Mahisbathan in Kushamandi block of South Dinajpur. The village has about 250 artisans involved in the craft of mask making. These masks are used as a costume of the Gomira dance performance held by the villagers to propitiate the deity, usher in the ‘good forces' and drive out the ‘evil forces'.

These masks are made of light wood known as “gamhar” wood. Wood from mahogany and mango trees are also used sometimes. Unlike other masked dance forms, Gomira or Kushamandi masks are made of wood and are quite heavy. The Gomira performers have to wear these masks in suffocating conditions. The local villagers believe that during the dance, the dancers wearing larger masks often go into a trance and they could be restrained only by sprinkling water on them.

Nowadays, Kushamandi masks are quite sought after handicraft items and finds place in many houses. With the help of the Government and NGO, the village is doing well to keep the tradityion alive. Every year during the winter (usually in the month of November), a fair is organized where the masks are displayed and Gomira dance performance is held.

Warli Art of Maharashtra

Originating from the Warli tribe of Maharashtra, as early as in 2500 BC , Warli art is one of the oldest types of tribal crafts in India.

Warli art is composed of simple geometric designs—think circles, triangles, and squares to form figures and articles depicting daily lives. Its uniqueness lies in its simplicity. A study of Warli art gives you an insight into the actual lives of the Warli tribe over different periods of history.

It primarily uses a white pigment made from rice paste and a background of earthy red or brown, creating a rustic but elegant look.

Warli art has gained great attention as home decor items because of the minimalist geometric patterns.

Buy Warli home decor here.

Gond Art of Chattisgarh and Andhra Pradesh

If you watched SS Rajamouli's blockbuster RRR, then “Gond tribe” may ring a bell. This forest-dweller tribe of present-day Chhatisgarh has one of the tribal arts of India to their credit. The Gond art is replete with stories and traditions of the tribe.

Intricate patterns of flora, fauna, and even mythological figures, each shape filled with dots, dashes, or swirling lines – that's Gond art for you. It's almost like each painting is pulsating with life.

Gond art is deeply woven into the community's fabric—pun intended! It’s traditionally painted on walls, floors, and even the occasional piece of handmade paper during festivals.

The Gond believe that good images beget good fortune. So, the art not only serves aesthetic purposes but also holds spiritual significance.

What makes Gond truly stand out are the vivid colors and detailed patterns. No two pieces are the same, giving you something that's not just eye-catching but also one-of-a-kind.

Sitalpati – Cool Mats of Bengal and Tripura

In Bengali, “shital” means “cool” and “pati” means “mat”. These unique mats weaved out of cane slips were traditionally used for sitting and sleeping in the hot and humid parts of undivided Bengal. These mats have an amazing temperature-control quality unlike the modern plastic mats we use today.

They were a household necessity during my childhood in the unbearable summers, in the absence of air-conditioners.

The mats are also used as blinders for windows, trendy table mats and fashionable bags. It’s amazing how the cane slips which would otherwise be discarded as wastes are used to create such beautiful utilities. No wonder, UNESCO has hailed the Sitalpati art of West Bengal as an intangible cultural heritage.

This recognition came as a lifesaver of the age-old dying art-form and provided an economic boost to the villages of Coochbehar in West Bengal. While most weaving families migrated to Bangladesh during partition, the Coochbehar distrct of West Bengal presently has approximately 14000 families who weave sitalpati for a living.

Usually, men are engaged in growing and extracting the fibre while women are engaged in weaving. With impetus from the West Bengal government and UNESCO, the Sitalpati artisans now participate in various fairs across the country, sometimes even outside, like France.

I am glad that I learnt about this craft while organizing one such fair in our college. As we are thinking about conservation and reducing carbon footprint, such art-forms actually have a great utilitarian value as well.

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Madur Craft  of Bengal

Madur is synonymous to mats in West Bengal . Made out of “Madurkanthi”, a special variety of rhizome plant that is cultivated in Medinipur district of West Bengal, these are cheaper than Sitalpati. It came into existence during the Nawab period of West Bengal, when these mats called “masland” were collected as part of the Jaigirdari system.

Madur-craft is the pride of Medinipur, which is home to around 6000 mat-weavers. It is the sole source of income for over 75% of the weaver families here. They weave fine quality of mats with beautiful designs by soaking the sticks in dye.

The most common patterns on these mats are of flowers, honey-comb, rhombus shapes and cascades. Like sitalpati, madurcraft has also found its place in decorative and daily-use items like wall-hangers, bags, mobile-covers etc.

Sholapith- the Malakars of Bengal

Bengal is a land of great artisans and rich vegetation. Just like Sitalpati, Solapith is an artwork made out of an indigenous aquatic shrub called “shola” which grows in the marshlands of West Bengal, Orissa and Assam.

These are beautiful white crafts which were originally used in Hindu festivals. Note Goddess Durga’s crown, jewelry and even the framework behind in the picture below– these are all made of “sholapith”, also known as “daaker saaj”.

Read more about the festival of Durga Puja .

The “mukut” and “topor” (ornamental bridal headgear)worn by the brides and grooms in Bengali weddings are also made of Sholapith. Slowly the demand of Shola-crafts crossed the boundary of religious rituals and they started finding their place in various products – designs on jewelry boxes, ornaments, wall-hangers and many showpieces.

The sholapith artisans called “malakars” were highly respected elite artisans of Bengal in the past. The respect comes partly from the tremendous skill needed to cut exquisite designs on the delicate fibre and partly from their importance in religious rituals.  There are 70 craft units in the Burdwan district of West Bengal currently. The popularity of Sholacraft also inspired the widespread replicas using artificial thermocol produced in factory. When in India, especially West Bengal, don’t forget to buy the original sholapith artefacts as they are not just unique but also insanely lightweight.

Buy Sholacraft online .

Stone Artefacts of Mamallapuram , Tamil Nadu

Mahabalipuram, a small town located only 60 km away from Chennai is famous for the ancient stone monuments of Pallava dynasty in the 7th and 8th century. However, when you visit Mahabalipuram you can’t help but notice numerous exhibitions of stone art throughout the town.

There are over 500 craftsmen living in Mahabalipuram whose livelihood depends on making and selling stone artifacts. They supply stone statues upon bulk order but also make stunning small artifacts which you can buy as souvenirs. Tiny Diya shades, stands for incense sticks, miniature elephants, and Hindu deities are common themes of the stone art of Mahabalipuram.

Rough granite stones are cut using heavy chisels and hammers, while the soft soapstones  are carved by scooping. Nowadays they use drilling and cutting machines for heavy stones thus saving a lot of time and effort that used to be spent on cutting of stones earlier.

After a treasure hunt across the ancient man-made wonders of Mahabalipuram , it’s natural to visit one of the workshops and see how the stone artisans carry on the legacy of their craftsmanship in modern days.

Terracotta – The ancient Baked-Clay-Art

Terracotta is one of the most ancient art-forms in the world. India has its own history of Terracotta, which pre-dates any other place in the world.

“Terracotta figurines of mother goddess, male gods, and terracotta cart frames and wheels dating back to around 7000 BC have been excavated from various sites of Indus Valley Civilization .. proving that the art flourished in the Indian subcontinent long before it was used elsewhere.”

– Dolls of India

Ornamental horses are a recurrent theme of terracotta art all over India, from Tamil Nadu in the south to Himachal Pradesh in the north. In Haryana the terracotta art dates back to pre-harappan civilization, and till today terracotta jewelry is very popular. In Bihar this art was popularized during the Mauryan period in 2nd-3rd century BC.

Darbhanga in Bihar is famous for rainbow-colored horses and clay elephants often used as a symbol of wedding. In West Bengal, terracotta art became popular much later, in the 16th century during the Vaishnav movement in Mayapur and Bishnupur.

The talented artisans took this art form to a whole new level. It can be witnessed in the grandeur of the Vaishnav temples in these areas. 

Buy Indian terracotta artefacts online .

I just touched the tip of the iceberg here. There are so many rural art forms in India that will spellbind you with their beauty and simplicity. In fact, I can dedicate a post to the art forms of West Bengal alone – buffalo horn-art , nakshi-kantha , jute artifacts  etc.

Handicrafts of rural India are as diverse as the culture and landscape of the country. Unfortunately, due to lack of exposure and invasion of modern technology many of these indigenous art forms are on the verge of extinction. With a little awareness and support, they can achieve global recognition and boost the economy of rural India.

This was my humble attempt to bring some of my favorite tribal handicrafts of India. These indegenous art forms have been carried forward by families with limited means, in traditional methods that have been used for ages. 

This was a tribute to the painters and craftsmen. If you liked it, you may also like my post about the most remarkable types of Sarees in India – my tribute to the weavers of rural India.

Don't forget to socialize the post and share the knowledge of Indian art.

Share your thoughts in the comment section. You can subscribe to our monthly newsletters for new posts, freebies and occasional sale-alerts delivered to your mailbox. You can follow us on Instagram , Facebook and Twitter .

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25 Comments

Thanks for this overview. I really enjoyed reading (and seeing) all the diverse types of arts and crafts of India.I especially like the textiles and I would totally buy one of those woven bags. 🙂

Thanks Kristina. I love those bags, look great with daily indian wear.

Beautiful post.

Thanks Pranita!

One thing I try to look for in souvenirs is local art styles, I have so many fabrics, and little pots & boxes. The Masks of Majuli which were from Assam are super cute. And if I visit, I know exactly what local tribal art I will be buying.

A wonderful day trip option to appreciate and experience the richness of the local cultural heritage; from traditional pottery and other local handicrafts. Love the Kushamandi Masks. India is always so full of colour.

Wow! I LOVE all of it! I’m with you though I think my favorite is the embroidery. It’s so intricate. But the masks are pretty cool too.

Some truly unique and beautiful pieces Sinjana! Of those you showcased, I think Pattachitra would be my choice. Though if I had space in my luggage I would buy all the Madur mats that I could carry 🙂

I don’t really know much about India, so it was fun to read about all of the various tribal art forms in India. I’m particularly intrigued by the many idols, whether they are depicted in statues, paintings, or other formats.

Thanks Sage. Yes, the artisans are phenomenally talented.

Beautiful works of art, thank you for sharing! I love all of the hand embroidered items. The bright colors make me so happy and grabs my attention immediately.

Thanks Jordin!

Tribal and folk art forms of India are so rich and beautiful. And unfortunately, they are also neglected and many of them are in a sorry state. It is good that the government is taking initiative, whatever little they may be to revive these ancient art forms. I hope these arts and the artisans continue surprising us with their stellar work.

Thank you for sharing this. The pattachitra painting on cloth looks very colourful and beautiful. It is lovely to see all these different art forms.

What a treasure you’ve put together Sinjana. Culturally, aesthetically beautiful. Handicrafts can never be out of vogue and what a beautiful representation they are of Indian diversity. I am so proud you chose to showcase so many of them in one place.

Thank you for such a comprehensive list. We need more such promotion of our handicrafts. I am lucky to have enjoyed a few of these. Particularly the Sitalpati in Agartala.

I believe there is no substitute to these tribal art forms… I try to get them whenever I get the opportunity,though not always from the local artisans… I get a lot of them from Dakshinapan in Kolkata… Your post is a wonderful tribute to the various tribal art forms as well as their fabulous creators…

Thanks a lot Haimanti.

It’s always great to know the context behind images when you’re travelling to new places. Had I seen these before reading your post I would have no idea what they symbolized, so thank you for this informative post!

Thanks a lot Krista for reading and appreciating the post. Please come back for more such articles.

These all place asthetical and beautifull ,,,,,,,,,, awesome way to achived all the place in short time. Am really like it LOOKING awesome ADD to my destination

Thanks sharing this article

I love this amazing art design. This is looking so beautiful and amazing. Thank you for sharing it.

These all place aesthetical and beautiful, awesome way to achieve all the place in a short time. Am really like it LOOKING awesome ADD to my destination

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Know your heritage: 7 Indian tribal art forms that are world famous

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Know your heritage: 7 Indian tribal art forms that are world famo...

Timesofindia.com | last updated on - dec 26, 2023, 13:38 ist share fbshare twshare pinshare comments ( 0 ), 01 /8 tribal art forms.

India is home to many rich tribal art forms that have been preserved not just by governments, schemes and policies but also by the families. Children are taught about the art forms early on and then later in life about the importance of their preservation. These tribal folk art forms form the essence of India’s rich cultural heritage. A mix of traditions, customs and heritage, tribal art includes stories, folklores, spiritual nature of humans and sometimes the mundane daily life. Here we list 7 famous Indian tribal art forms that have stood the test of time with their excellent preservation.

02 /8 Mandana paintings

An art originating from the state of Rajasthan, Mandana paintings are beautiful wall and floor art done by women of the Meena tribe. Using basic materials like natural pigments and brushes made from twigs, these paintings are made to decorate the courtyards and walls during festivals and special occasions. Mandana paintings are said to bring in prosperity and good fortune and the motifs look stunning on the plain walls with geometric patterns, floral designs and pictures of Gods. (Image: Pinterest)

03 /8 Gond art

With vibrant colours, details and depictions of folklore, Gond Art is done by the Gond tribal community of Madhya Pradesh. Gond art tells the stories of nature, folklore and rituals through drawing of animals, birds and mythical creatures. Using fine lines, scales and dots, Gond artists create art that looks straight out of a fairytale with the chirpy birds and colourful deers. (Image: Pinterest)

04 /8 Pithora paintings

Pithora paintings are generally found in Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh. They are considered to be sacred art forms and done again on the walls of the house. The Pithoras are an important part of tribal rituals and ceremonies and are done to celebrate life events like weddings and harvests. A typical Pithora painting features 7 horses, gods and different patterns. It is also said that these art forms bring blessings, protection and prosperity to the community as they are an evidence to the bond of tribes and nature. (Image: Pinterest)

05 /8 Bhil painting

Bhil paintings are less about a state and more about the Bhil tribes. They can be found in Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Gujarat, and are one of the most simple but beautiful pieces of art one will ever encounter. Bhil tribes use natural pigments, brushes and deep, bold lines to draw scenes indicating nature, peace, tribal gods and activities. Bhil paintings are also inspired from many real life events or objects. (Image: Pinterest)

06 /8 Gudna motifs

A very different form of art than the ones mentioned above is the Gudna or Godna motifs. Instead of being a painting done of cloth, floor or walls, Gudna is a unique art form of tattooing or body art. Created by using needle, kumkum and natural colours, Gudna motifs adorn the bodies of tribal men and women and are a symbol of their cultural identity. Different motifs indicate different situations. Some are done on the bravehearts, others to invite fertility, some for better health, etc.

(Image: Tribal Tourism in India)

07 /8 Warli paintings

Dedicated to and centered around Mother nature and her many elements, the Warli paintings are a part of the Warli tribe in Maharashtra. They are simple, beautiful and carry with themselves a rich cultural heritage. They are usually done on mud walls and depict scenes of daily life, rituals and festivities using basic geometric shapes like circles, triangles and squares. The Warli paintings are usually done on a red background with white natural pigment over it. (Image: Pinterest)

08 /8 Madhubani art

Originating from the Mithila region of Bihar, Madhubani is a vibrant and colourful art form which was predominantly and traditionally done by the women. Although with time men too began creating Madhubani paintings, the use of natural dyes and pigments remain the same. The Madhubani depicts mythological tales, religious motifs and scenes from daily life with intricate patterns and bold lines. These paintings, often done on walls, cloth or paper, not only serve as decorative elements but also as a means of storytelling.

(Image: Pinterest)

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Cultural Tourism in India

Last updated on October 3, 2023 by ClearIAS Team

What is Cultural tourism? Why Cultural tourism is significant in India? What is being done to promote cultural tourism in India? Read further to know more

India has a wide variety of attractions that showcase its extensive cultural heritage. India attracts tourists from all over the world because of its abundance of spectacular heritage monuments.

As a result of cultural tourism in India, people have visited historic temples, regal palaces, scenic beaches, and attractive hills.

Table of Contents

Present scenario of the tourism sector in India

With 1.52 million foreign visitors anticipated in 2021, India is one of the top tourism destinations in the globe. India’s foreign exchange revenues increased by roughly $8.8 billion as a result of this. There were also about 680 million domestic travellers.

India is a much-liked tourist destination thanks in large part to its distinct culture, history, and position as one of the world’s oldest civilizations, as well as its plethora of breathtaking natural attractions. As a result, there are 40 UNESCO world heritage sites (32 cultural, 7 natural & 1 mixed). With towns, forts, tombs, tunnels, rock shelters, and churches, India has a lot to offer tourists.

What is Cultural tourism?

Cultural tourism is a kind of tourism that enables visitors to take part in local cultural celebrations like festivals and traditions. The traveller can thus have genuine cultural contact with the people.

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Furthermore, because cultural tourism is a significant development engine, it enables local societies to embrace their culture. Communities, therefore, make a point of praising and supporting their culture since it sets them apart from other communities.

As nations recognise the value of cultural tourism and how it can boost local economies, they are focusing on developing cities and villages that will captivate tourists from across the world to experience and observe the culture in a way that has never been possible before.

Why Cultural tourism is significant in India?

• Tourists travel to India to experience it for themselves because of the country’s well-known rich cultural legacy and mysticism.
• Some of the most important civilizations and faiths in the world have their roots in India and were nurtured there. India is a popular travel destination because of its numerous World Heritage Sites and unparalleled cultural vibrancy.
• Since time immemorial, India has been regarded as the land of ancient history, legacy, and culture, which is the main reason for its current stratospheric ascent in the tourism sector.
• Over the years, India has had numerous kings, and each of them had an impact on Indian culture. Different cultures have left their mark on dance, music, celebrations, architecture, traditional customs, food, and languages.
• The richness and diversity of India’s heritage and culture can be attributed to the influence of all these different cultures. This cultural wealth helps to project India as the top destination for cultural tourism, boosting that industry in India.
• To promote cultural tourism in India, the Indian government established the Ministry of Tourism and Culture. The ministry recently launched the “Incredible India!” campaign, which has contributed to the expansion of India’s cultural tourism industry.

Various sites of cultural tourism centres in India

India’s diversity is a result of the country’s mixture of religious and cultural traditions. The nation is home to a large number of world historic monuments that have an enticing influence and have long drawn visitors from around the world. We would be delighted to familiarise ourselves with the many customs and civilizations that make up India’s cultural heritage.

The Pushkar fair (Rajasthan), Taj Mahotsav (Uttar Pradesh), and Suraj Kund mela are just a few of the fairs and festivals that travellers can attend in India (Haryana). sites include the Taj Mahal (Uttar Pradesh), the Hawa Mahal (Uttar Pradesh), Hampi (Karnataka), the Ajanta & Ellora caves (Maharashtra), and Mahabalipuram (Tamil Nadu) (Rajasthan).

Rajasthan is the most popular state in India for cultural tourism among the several states. Rajasthan is known for having a rich cultural legacy, which is the reason behind this. The state is well known for its numerous exquisite palaces and forts that highlight Rajasthan’s rich cultural heritage. Rajasthan’s rich cultural legacy is also reflected in the numerous folk songs and music. Rajasthan has many festivals and fairs, including the camel festival, the Marwar festival, and the Pushkar festival. All of these draw a lot of people to Rajasthan since they allow them to experience the state’s vibrant culture.

Tamil Nadu is renowned for cultural tourism in India as well because it exhibits Dravidian customs and culture. Its numerous temples reflect India’s rich cultural heritage. Numerous tourist attractions in Uttar Pradesh attest to the nation’s rich cultural heritage. The Taj Mahal in Agra is the most well-known structure. Many tourists also go to Uttar Pradesh cities like Varanasi, Allahabad, Vrindavan, and Ayodhya because they capture exquisite scenes from India.

In India, Uttaranchal is renowned for its cultural tourism industry. The Himalayas, known as the “abode of the Gods,” are located in this state. The Kumaon and Garhwal regions of the state are home to numerous historic temples.

Government initiatives to boost India’s cultural tourism

Some of the government initiatives to boost cultural tourism in India are:

PRASHAD Scheme

• The Ministry of Tourism introduced the “National Mission on Pilgrimage Rejuvenation and Spiritual Augmentation Drive (PRASAD)” in 2014–15 with the goal of holistically developing recognised pilgrimage places.
• In October 2017, the program’s name, which had previously been PRASAD, was changed to “National Mission on Pilgrimage Rejuvenation and Spiritual Heritage Augmentation Drive (PRASHAD)”.
• The respective State/Union Territory Government shall implement the initiatives listed under this scheme through the designated agencies.
• Under its provisions, the Ministry of Tourism offers State Governments Central Financial Assistance (CFA) for boosting tourism at predetermined locations.
• The Central Government will contribute 100% of the funds needed for components covered by public funding under this programme.
• It also tries to incorporate corporate social responsibility (CSR) and public-private partnerships (PPP) for the project’s increased sustainability.

HRIDAY scheme

• The National Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana, an HRIDAY programme, was introduced on January 21, 2015, by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.
• The goal of this programme is to protect and promote the nation’s rich cultural heritage. The HRIDAY programme seeks to preserve cultural assets while also promoting urban planning and historic cities’ economic development.
• The National Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana places a strong emphasis on the heritage cities’ accessibility, security, safety, way of life, cleanliness, and quick service delivery.
• Buddhist Tourism Circuit
• The Buddhist circuit is a route that follows in the footsteps of the Buddha from Lumbini in Nepal where he was born, through Bihar in India where he attained enlightenment, to Sarnath and Kushinagar in Uttar Pradesh in India, where he gave his first teachings and his final resting place.
• Kushinagar is the centre of the Buddhist circuit, which consists of pilgrimage sites at Lumbini, Sarnath, and Gaya.

Palace on Wheels

• A luxurious tourist train is called The Palace on Wheels. To promote tourism in Rajasthan, it was started by the Indian Railways in collaboration with the Rajasthan Tourism Development Corporation. The name has since changed to Heritage Palace on Wheels.
• In August 2009, the train service underwent renovations and was reopened with new furnishings, itineraries, and menus.
• The idea for the Palace on Wheels came from the historical royal significance of the coaches, which were designed to serve as the private trains for the former kings of Rajputana, Baroda, the Nizam of Hyderabad, and primarily the Viceroy of British India.
• Each saloon showcases the state’s cultural character through the use of furnishings, handicrafts, paintings, and other decorations. The interior of the train was designed by Rashmi Gupta, an architect from Jaipur.

What is being done to promote cultural tourism in India?

The tourist industry has been growing as a result of numerous causes. Let’s look at them now:

Hospitality and food

• The Indian hospitality industry is a major contributor to this expansion. The public and commercial hospitality sectors have developed adequate resorts and hotels that offer excellent conventional and delectable options to tourists to accommodate and feed them.
• Additionally, eating has given visitors to India another reason to go. This nation provides a wide variety of culinary delicacies that are practically unmatched.

Activities and events

• Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR) and MCT (Ministry of Culture & Tourism) have worked together to promote Indian culture throughout the world. To accomplish this, several Indian Cultural Centers on both the national and international levels organise a variety of programmes and events, including yoga coaching, music, dance, and language classes in Hindi and Sanskrit.
• To promote the culture and variety of the nation, there are various activities like festival celebrations and art exhibitions. Through a Global Engagement Scheme, the Ministry of Culture also promotes Indian culture abroad. In this programme, Indian festivals are promoted and various cultural organisations abroad receive financial and infrastructural assistance.

Creation of world-class tourism infrastructure

• The Swadesh Darshan programme , which was introduced by the Indian Tourism Ministry, has been another step done by the Indian government. It aided in the creation of theme-based circuits that cater to both mainstream tourist and specialist markets.
• Under this programme, world-class infrastructure has been built to promote Indian culture and history. 27 projects totalling 2261.50 crores have been approved for 21 states and Union Territories since 2015.

Generation of tourism markets abroad

• Through a marketing strategy and integrated campaigns using international media, the Indian Tourism Ministry has been pushing India as a top travel destination.
• Since October 2021, the top 20 source markets abroad have seen all of these promotional activities carried out by the synergized combination of all the tourism offices abroad.
• For instance, proposals for organising events with themes like Spirit of Gujarat in nations with a Gujarati Diaspora have been sent to the Indian government. Gujarat’s culture and heritage will be the main focus of this event.
• Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav is another festival with a distinct subject that would be promoted on Independence Day and Republic Day of India. It would foster a sense of pride in one’s country and emphasise how the people contributed significantly to India’s independence.
• Another instance of this project is the International Buddhist Conclave, which takes place every two years. This gathering celebrates Buddhist heritage .

Additional initiatives are taken by the Government of India

• Issuing the Tourist e-Visa to a chosen few nations is another effective government measure that would help India’s tourism grow. Teams have been chosen by the Indian government to take part in significant travel shows and international tourism expos. Several roadshows have also been held to advertise India as a tourist destination.
• In addition to all these activities, the government is also setting up training courses and workshops to attract qualified people to this profession. Here, providing a better experience is the goal.

Easy setup of tourism businesses

• The Indian Ministry of Tourism has made conducting business easier and assisted in establishing Web-based Delivery Systems for the general population. To make the process of submitting business applications for government approval transparent, it recognises the Trade and Travel Service Providers and aids hotels and resorts in classifying under a single directory. With effect from January 2016, this was done online along with the integration of payment gateways.

Development of a mobile app

• The Indian Tourism Ministry introduced the Swachh Paryatan mobile application in February 2016. This enables citizens to report any problems with sanitation and hygienic conditions at different national tourist attractions.

Scaling greater heights

• The government’s measures will be essential moving ahead to build a sustainable system that will attract new participants to the cultural tourism sector while bolstering the performance of the current ones.
• However, there is still much to learn about the enormous potential of India’s cultural tourism sector. If properly developed, this industry can increase its GDP contribution to India and increase employment possibilities there. To do this, it is necessary to stimulate related industries including transportation, infrastructure, lodging, and hospitality.

The government is paying attention to India’s expanding cultural tourism industry and taking the necessary steps to support it in maintaining this development. The industry, however, still has a lot of unrealized potentials. If appropriately utilised, this can increase the industry’s contribution to India’s GDP and provide job possibilities there.

By bringing revenue to historic sites, ruins and mausoleums, tourism has the potential to enhance and safeguard heritage and culture.

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Article written by Aseem Muhammed

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'It's Tourist Hunting Season': The Street Art That's Seething About Mass Tourism

Reporter, HuffPost

The writing is on the wall across Spain.

Residents who are becoming increasingly frustrated with the negative impact of mass tourism on their daily lives ― including but certainly not limited to higher rents and real estate prices ― are taking to the streets to voice their fury.

Demonstrations have this year mushroomed across the second most-visited country in the world ― from Barcelona with its water-gun-touting activists in the north to Malaga in the south, from the Canary Islands archipelago off the coast of northwestern Africa to the Balearic Islands of Ibiza, Mallorca and Menorca in the Mediterranean Sea.

Some protesters, however, have also taken to leaving more permanent reminders of their anger in the form of graffiti, street art and sticker campaigns.

“It’s Tourist Hunting Season,” “Tourists Go Home” and “Fuck Airbnb” are among the scathing messages that have been photographed daubed on walls or printed on stickers across the two biggest cities — the capital Madrid and Barcelona — this year alone.

In Malaga, stickers bearing anti-tourist phrases ― such as “go fucking home” and “this used to be my home” ― were earlier this year placed around tourism areas in which families once lived.

Meanwhile, someone on the island of Mallorca last summer installed fake signs in English that warned tourists of “dangerous jellyfish” and “falling rocks.” But the small print in Catalan revealed there wasn’t actually any danger and that it was just mass tourism they wanted to prevent.

Here’s a look at some of the anti-tourism protest art in Spain from this year and before:

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