does insurance cover well baby visits

Doctor Visits

Make the Most of Your Child’s Visit to the Doctor (Ages 1 to 4 Years)

Health care provider talking with young girl

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Young children need to see the doctor or nurse for a “well-child visit” 7 times between ages 1 and 4 years.

A well-child visit (also called a checkup) is when you take your child to the doctor to make sure they’re healthy and developing normally. This is different from visits for sickness or injury.

At a well-child visit, the doctor or nurse can help catch any problems early, when they may be easier to treat. You’ll also have a chance to ask questions about things like your child’s behavior, eating habits, and sleeping habits.

Learn what to expect so you can make the most of each visit.

Well-Child Visits

How often do i need to take my child for well-child visits.

Young children grow quickly, so they need to visit the doctor or nurse regularly to make sure they’re healthy and developing normally.

Children ages 1 to 4 years need to see the doctor or nurse when they’re:

12 months old (1 year)
15 months old (1 year and 3 months)
18 months old (1 year and 6 months)
24 months old (2 years)
30 months old (2 years and 6 months)
3 years old
4 years old

If you’re worried about your child’s health, don’t wait until the next scheduled visit — call the doctor or nurse right away.

Child Development

How do i know if my child is growing and developing on schedule.

Your child’s doctor or nurse can help you understand how your child is developing and learning to do new things — like walk and talk. These are sometimes called “developmental milestones.”

Every child grows and develops differently. For example, some children will take longer to start talking than others. Learn more about child development .

At each visit, the doctor or nurse will what new things your child is learning to do. They may also ask how you’re feeling and if you need any support.

Ages 12 to 18 Months

By age 12 months, most kids:.

Stand by holding on to something
Walk with help, like by holding on to the furniture
Call a parent "mama," "dada," or some other special name
Look for a toy they've seen you hide

Check out this complete list of milestones for kids age 12 months .

By age 15 months, most kids:

Follow simple directions, like "Pick up the toy"
Show you a toy they like
Try to use things they see you use, like a cup or a book
Take a few steps on their own

Check out this complete list of milestones for kids age 15 months.

By age 18 months, most kids:

Make scribbles with crayons
Look at a few pages in a book with you
Try to say 3 or more words besides “mama” or “dada”
Point to show someone what they want
Walk on their own
Try to use a spoon

Check out this complete list of milestones for kids age 18 months .

Ages 24 to 30 Months

By age 24 months, most kids:.

Notice when others are hurt or upset
Point to at least 2 body parts, like their nose, when asked
Try to use knobs or buttons on a toy
Kick a ball

Check out this complete list of milestones for kids age 24 months .

By age 30 months, most kids:

Name items in a picture book, like a cat or dog
Play next to or with other kids
Jump off the ground with both feet
Take some clothes off by themselves, like loose pants or an open jacket

Check out this complete list of milestones for kids age 30 months .

Ages 3 to 4 Years

By age 3 years, most kids:.

Calm down within 10 minutes after you leave them, like at a child care drop-off
Draw a circle after you show them how
Ask “who,” “what,” “where,” or “why” questions, like “Where is Daddy?”

Check out this complete list of milestones for kids age 3 years .

By age 4 years, most kids:

Avoid danger — for example, they don’t jump from tall heights at the playground
Pretend to be something else during play, like a teacher, superhero, or dog
Draw a person with 3 or more body parts
Catch a large ball most of the time

Check out this complete list of milestones for kids age 4 years .

Take these steps to help you and your child get the most out of well-child visits.

Gather important information.

Take any medical records you have to the appointment, including a record of vaccines (shots) your child has received.

Make a list of any important changes in your child’s life since the last doctor’s visit, like a:

New brother or sister
Serious illness or death in the family
Separation or divorce — or a parent spending time in jail or prison
Change in childcare

Use this tool to keep track of your child’s family health history . This information will help your doctor or nurse know if your child is at risk for certain health problems.

Ask other caregivers about your child.

Before you visit the doctor, talk with others who care for your child, like a grandparent, daycare provider, or babysitter. They may be able to help you think of questions to ask the doctor or nurse.

What about cost?

Under the Affordable Care Act, insurance plans must cover well-child visits. Depending on your insurance plan, you may be able to get well-child visits at no cost to you. Check with your insurance company to find out more.

Your child may also qualify for free or low-cost health insurance through Medicaid or the Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP). Learn about coverage options for your family.

If you don’t have insurance, you may still be able to get free or low-cost well-child visits. Find a health center near you and ask about well-child visits.

To learn more, check out these resources:

Free preventive care for children covered by the Affordable Care Act
How the Affordable Care Act protects you and your family
Understanding your health insurance and how to use it [PDF - 698 KB]

Ask Questions

Make a list of questions you want to ask the doctor..

Before the well-child visit, write down a few questions you have. This visit is a great time to ask the doctor or nurse any questions about:

A health condition your child has (like asthma or an allergy)
Changes in sleeping or eating habits
How to help kids in the family get along

Here are some questions you may want to ask:

Is my child up to date on vaccines?
How can I make sure my child is getting enough physical activity?
Is my child at a healthy weight?
How can I help my child try different foods?
What are appropriate ways to discipline my child?
How much screen time is okay for young children?

Take notes so you can remember the answers later.

Ask what to do if your child gets sick.

Make sure you know how to get in touch with a doctor or nurse when the office is closed.
Ask how to reach the doctor on call — or if there's a nurse information service you can call at night or during the weekend.

What to Expect

Know what to expect..

During each well-child visit, the doctor or nurse will ask you questions about your child, do a physical exam, and update your child's medical history. You'll also be able to ask your questions and discuss any problems you may be having.

The doctor or nurse will ask questions about your child.

The doctor or nurse may ask about:

Behavior: Does your child have trouble following directions?
Health: Does your child often have stomachaches or other kinds of pain?
Activities: What types of pretend play does your child like? What toys or other things do they most like playing with?
Eating habits: What does your child eat on a normal day?
Family: Have there been any changes in your family since your last visit?
Learning: What’s something new your child learned recently?

They may also ask questions about safety, like:

Does your child always ride in a car seat in the back seat of the car?
Does anyone in your home have a gun? If so, is it unloaded and locked in a place where your child can’t get it?
Is there a swimming pool or other water around your home? Is there a locked door or gate to keep your child from getting to the pool without an adult?
What steps have you taken to childproof your home? Do you have gates on stairs and latches on cabinets?
Does everyone who cares for your child know when and how to call Poison Control (1-800-222-1222)?

Your answers to questions like these will help the doctor or nurse make sure your child is healthy, safe, and developing normally. Be honest, even if you’re worried you’re doing something wrong — the doctor or nurse is there to help you.

Physical Exam

The doctor or nurse will also check your child’s body..

To check your child’s body, the doctor or nurse will:

Measure your child’s height and weight
Check your child’s blood pressure
Check your child’s vision
Check your child’s body parts (this is called a physical exam)
Give your child any vaccines they need

Learn more about your child’s health care:

Find out how to get your child’s shots on schedule
Learn how to take care of your child’s vision

Content last updated July 10, 2024

Reviewer Information

This information on well-child visits was adapted from materials from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Institutes of Health.

Reviewed by:

Sara Kinsman, MD, PhD Director, Division of Child, Adolescent, and Family Health Maternal and Child Health Bureau Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA)

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Billing & Insurance

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"I Thought It Was Covered?" Why You May Receive a Bill After Your Child’s Well Visit

You've taken your child to scheduled well visits, but a few weeks later, you receive a bill in the mail for their care. Aren’t well visits covered by insurance? Dr. Cindy Gellner explains what happens on the billing side of pediatrics and how you may have accidentally asked for extra services during a covered check-up.

Episode Transcript

Dr. Gellner: So you take your child in for a well visit, but then you get a bill from your pediatrician's office. Well visits are covered 100% by most insurance companies. So why are you getting a bill?

Announcer: Keep your kids healthy and happy. You are now entering "The Healthy Kids Zone" with Dr. Cindy Gellner on The Scope.

Dr. Gellner: When a parent brings their child in for a well visit, often they want their pediatrician to address other issues. We've all had it happen. I'll have parents come in for a well visit, but then they'll also want me to refill medications or discuss headaches or stomach aches that their child's been having. And sometimes they want to discuss behavior concerns, evaluate for ADHD or depression. The problem is that insurance companies have very clear guidelines about what constitutes a preventive visit, which is how a well-child visit is billed versus what is billed under "E&M coding or evaluation and management coding."

Every insurance company has their own guidelines, but there are some things that are standard across the board, and these are set based on recommendations from the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Affordable Care Act. For example, checking your child's growth, getting routine immunizations, and checking developmental milestones are standard from birth to 5 years old. Screening for autism is now part of a well-child visit at ages 18 and 24 months. Vision screenings start at three, and some blood work is covered, especially if they're screening for medical conditions.

So what is not covered at a preventive visit? That's anything that is an acute or chronic issue. If your child fell and you think they have a broken arm, not covered. If your child takes several medications for asthma and you need refills for all of them, not covered. If your child has depression or anxiety and you're wanting to discuss that and possibly have them started on medications, not covered. All these things that require your pediatrician to ask questions that are unrelated to preventative care, to evaluate those issues, and then manage them however needed, hence the evaluation and management coding I mentioned, not covered.

In those cases, your pediatrician can do one of a few things. Sometimes depending on what is being discussed and how long of an appointment is needed, we might ask you to come back and our staff will help you schedule an appointment to be seen as soon as possible. If your pediatrician has time, they may tell you that they can address these other issues, and they should tell you about how the coding will be done. There are special modifiers that we use with coding to let the insurance companies know, "Hey, we understand this isn't part of a preventive visit, but we're trying to save the family from having to come back for a second visit and get everything done today." If we don't put that modifier in, it could put us in hot water, because insurance companies don't like us to do more than what we're coding for.

Also, as pediatricians, we do a lot of education and evaluating at a well visit, which we often only have a 15-minute appointment for. So if we're spending extra time addressing extra issues, it's not only pushing into another patient's appointment, but we would like to get paid for doing the additional work. Despite how important preventative care is, especially for the youngest patients, insurance companies pay very little to the pediatricians themselves. Pretty much we all knew that going into peds, but our little patients make the job so rewarding. I know I couldn't imagine being any other type of doctor. What other type of doctor can play with babies, talk to their patients about PokÈmon or superheroes, or look for elephants in their earwax? Seriously, it's the best type of practice.

Now, we know sometimes things are unavoidable, like you have a well-child visit scheduled and your child wakes up with a fever of 102 or cold symptoms for instance. In those cases, depending on how sick your child is, we'll often address the acute issue and reschedule the well visit and also use that rescheduled well visit as a follow-up to make sure they're better. If it's just a mild virus, we just carry on as usual with a well visit, because we know kids get six to eight viruses per year, and it can be guaranteed that your child will have one at a well visit at some point. If it's something simple, I'll just document that we discussed supportive care.

Another reason for getting a bill, which is less common, is that you are getting a well visit on your child too soon. This is mainly for children over the age of 3 where insurance only covers one well visit per year. Some insurance policies consider one year from the date of the last well visit. Some consider it one per policy year. But for all insurances, they can only have one well-child visit per year if they're over 3. So if your child already had a four-year checkup, for example, they have to be five before the next one and it has to pass that one year period.

Also, when scheduling well visits, make sure enough time has passed before the next set of vaccines if they're due for vaccines. An example of this is that there has to be at least six months between the first and second hepatitis A vaccines. Your child's pediatrician should be able to tell you exactly when they would be due for the next vaccine in the series.

So if you have any questions about when your child can be seen for a well visit or what all is covered in a well visit, please either check with your insurance company or talk to your pediatrician directly. Most of us know the rules.

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Family Life

AAP Schedule of Well-Child Care Visits

Parents know who they should go to when their child is sick. But pediatrician visits are just as important for healthy children.

The Bright Futures /American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) developed a set of comprehensive health guidelines for well-child care, known as the " periodicity schedule ." It is a schedule of screenings and assessments recommended at each well-child visit from infancy through adolescence.

Schedule of well-child visits

The first week visit (3 to 5 days old)
1 month old
2 months old
4 months old
6 months old
9 months old
12 months old
15 months old
18 months old
2 years old (24 months)
2 ½ years old (30 months)
3 years old
4 years old
5 years old
6 years old
7 years old
8 years old
9 years old
10 years old
11 years old
12 years old
13 years old
14 years old
15 years old
16 years old
17 years old
18 years old
19 years old
20 years old
21 years old

The benefits of well-child visits

Prevention . Your child gets scheduled immunizations to prevent illness. You also can ask your pediatrician about nutrition and safety in the home and at school.

Tracking growth & development . See how much your child has grown in the time since your last visit, and talk with your doctor about your child's development. You can discuss your child's milestones, social behaviors and learning.

Raising any concerns . Make a list of topics you want to talk about with your child's pediatrician such as development, behavior, sleep, eating or getting along with other family members. Bring your top three to five questions or concerns with you to talk with your pediatrician at the start of the visit.

Team approach . Regular visits create strong, trustworthy relationships among pediatrician, parent and child. The AAP recommends well-child visits as a way for pediatricians and parents to serve the needs of children. This team approach helps develop optimal physical, mental and social health of a child.

More information

Back to School, Back to Doctor

Recommended Immunization Schedules

Milestones Matter: 10 to Watch for by Age 5

Your Child's Checkups

Bright Futures/AAP Recommendations for Preventive Pediatric Health Care (periodicity schedule)

Preventive Care

Annual physical exams and other preventive services are free when you use a Preferred provider.

Preventive Care

Watch this video to take a closer look at your preventive care benefits and see how they can help you stay on top of your health.

As a Service Benefit Plan member, everyone on your plan can access a wide range of preventive care services—at no cost—when seeing a Preferred provider. Speak to your primary care doctor about which preventive care services are recommended for you.

General Health Screenings

These can help you and your doctor identify lifestyle changes you can make to avoid certain health conditions.

Annual Physical
Blood Pressure
Cholesterol
Hepatitis C
Tobacco Use
Well-child Visits

Immunizations and Vaccines

It's recommended that everyone receive routine vaccinations depending on age and medical history. This includes

Influenza (Flu Shot)
Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR)
Tetanus, Diphtheria, Pertussis (Tdap)

Cancer Screenings

Early cancer detection helps prevent the need for extensive treatment.

Breast Cancer/Mammograms
Cervical Cancer
Colon Cancer

Voluntary Family Planning

Whether you’re starting a family today or in the future, our reproductive care benefits can help. We’re here to support your family’s journey every step of the way.

Ensure your child is healthy at every age

During their early years, children experience a lot of important development for their health. Through age 18, children should regularly see the doctor to make sure they’re growing up healthy and on track—even if they’re feeling well. These are called ‘well-child visits.’ These visits allow your child’s doctor to keep an eye out for key developmental milestones and get important routine vaccines.

Well-child visits are essential during the first 30 months of life

15 months old.

Babies need extra attention early in life. Newborns should have at least six well-child visits with their doctor during their first 15 months.

30 months old

Your baby should then have at least two more well-child visits with their doctor before they turn 30 months old.

Download our Well-Child Guide

Good health begins at an early age. This guide gives you a schedule of well-child visits recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics plus a recommended vaccine schedule from birth through age 18.

Routine Annual Physical Incentive Program

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Well-child visits.

It's important for your child to have regularly scheduled checkups, often called well-child visits, beginning shortly after birth and lasting through the teen years.

These appointments allow your doctor to keep a close eye on your child's general health and development. Finding possible problems early gives your child the best chance for proper and successful treatment. Also, any concerns you have about your child can be discussed during these visits.

During these visits, the doctor examines your child and asks you questions about your child's development and behavior. Immunizations also are either given or scheduled at this time.

Your child's doctor will recommend a schedule for well-child visits. One example is for visits at ages: footnote 1

3 to 5 days old.
By 1 month.

After age 3, well-child visits are usually scheduled yearly through the teen years.

Citations Bright Futures/American Academy of Pediatrics (2020). Recommendations for preventive pediatric health care. American Academy of Pediatrics . https://downloads.aap.org/AAP/PDF/periodicity_schedule.pdf. Accessed February 27, 2020.

Current as of: October 24, 2023

Author: Healthwise Staff

Clinical Review Board All Healthwise education is reviewed by a team that includes physicians, nurses, advanced practitioners, registered dieticians, and other healthcare professionals.

This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated, disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use . Learn how we develop our content .

To learn more about Healthwise, visit Healthwise.org .

Well-Child Care

Improving infant well-child visits.

High-quality well-child visits can improve children’s health, support caregivers’ behaviors to promote their children’s health, and prevent injury and harm. The American Academy of Pediatrics and Bright Futures recommend nine well-care visits by the time children turn 15 months of age. These visits should include a family-centered health history, physical examination, immunizations, vision and hearing screening, developmental and behavioral assessment, an oral health risk assessment, a social assessment, maternal depression screening, parenting education on a wide range of topics, and care coordination as needed. i When children receive the recommended number of high-quality visits, they are more likely to be up-to-date on immunizations, have developmental concerns recognized early, and are less likely to visit the emergency department. ii , iii , iv , v , vi , vii However, many infants do not receive the recommended number of infant well-child visits.

The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) offers quality improvement (QI) technical assistance (TA) to help states increase the attendance and quality of well-child visits for Medicaid and Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP) beneficiaries ages 0 to 15 months.

QI TA resources , to help state Medicaid and CHIP staff and their QI partners get started improving the use of infant well-child visits for their beneficiaries

Improving Infant Well-Child Visit learning collaborative resources , to share different approaches to improving well-child visit care and state examples

For more information on these materials and other QI TA, please email [email protected] .

QI TA Resources

These resources can help states get started in developing their own infant well-child QI projects:

Getting Started on Quality Improvement Video . This video provides an overview of how Medicaid and CHIP agencies can start a QI project to improve the use of infant well-child visits. The Model for Improvement begins with small tests of change, enabling state teams to “learn their way” toward strong programs and policies.

Driver Diagram and Change Idea Table . A driver diagram is a visual display of what “drives” or contributes to improvements in infant well-child visits. This example of a driver diagram shows the relationship between the primary drivers (the high-level elements, processes, structures, or norms in the system that must change to use and quality of infant well-child visits) and the secondary drivers (the places, steps in a process, time-bound moments, or norms in which changes are made to spur improvement). The document also includes change idea tables, which contain examples of evidence-based or evidence-informed QI interventions to improve the use of infant well-child care. The change ideas were tailored for Medicaid and CHIP.

Measurement Strategy . This document provides examples of measures that can be used to monitor infant well-child care QI projects.

Improving Infant Well-Child Visits: Learning Collaborative Resources

Beginning in 2021, CMS facilitated the two year Infant Well-Child Visit learning collaborative to support state Medicaid and CHIP agencies’ efforts to improve the use of infant well-child visits from 0-15 months of age. The learning collaborative included a webinar series and an affinity group to support state Medicaid and agencies’ quality improvement efforts. The webinars, listed and linked to below, described approaches that states can use to improve attendance and quality of infant well-child visits.

California, Missouri, North Carolina, South Carolina, Texas and Virginia participated in the action-oriented affinity group where teams designed and implemented an infant well-child quality improvement (QI) project in their state with tailored TA from CMS. Learnings from participating states can be found in the state highlights brief.

Learning Collaborative Webinar Series

State Spotlights Webinar on Improving Infant-Well Child Care ( Video ) ( Transcript ). This 2024 webinar spotlighted several state QI projects from the affinity group, highlighting their strategies, partnerships, and lessons learned.

Using Payment, Policy and Partnerships to Improve Infant Well-Child Care ( Audio )( Transcript ). This August 2021 webinar focused on Medicaid and CHIP payment incentives, managed care contracts, and other strategies that can increase the use and quality of infant well-child visits and advance equity. Speakers from the CMS and Mathematica introduced CMS’ Maternal and Infant Health Initiative and shared the importance of high-quality well-child visits and the opportunities within Medicaid and CHIP to impact infant health. Speakers from Pennsylvania and Texas’ Medicaid and CHIP agencies described their efforts to expand and incentivize participation in infant well-child visits, such as through value-based purchasing, performance improvement projects, CHIP Health Services Initiatives (HSIs), and partnerships with aligned service providers like the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). State presenters offered insights into ways to incentivize efforts to close gaps in care, engage families, and improve performance on quality measures. During the Q&A session, presenters discussed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on well-child care, the potential of using telehealth or hybrid visits to increase access, and incentives for managed care entities, and addressing the social determinants of health in value-based payment strategies.

Improving Quality and Utilization of Infant Well-Child Visits ( Audio )( Transcript ). This September 2021 webinar focused on the characteristics of a high-performing system of well-child health care. CMS and Mathematica presenters shared the Maternal and Infant Health Initiative’s Theory of Change. Speakers from Washington and Arkansas Medicaid and CHIP agencies discussed how their states have achieved high rates of participation in infant well-child visits and how they use data to monitor performance and disparities and ensure access to services. Washington shared insights on leveraging collaborative performance improvement projects to identify and address barriers to care. Arkansas discussed the state’s per member per month incentives for performance and minimum performance measures for infant well-child visit rates. During the Q&A session, presenters highlighted efforts to improve health equity, engage parents and providers, and leverage performance measures and quality tools to improve attendance at infant well-child visits.

Models of Care that Drive Improvement in Infant Well-Child Visits ( Audio )( Transcript ). In this September 2021 webinar, three states—Oregon, Michigan, and North Carolina—shared approaches to designing and implementing models of care associated with improved infant well-child visit participation, including patient-centered medical homes (PCMHs) and home visiting. States offered insights on the importance of strategic alignment of policies, processes, and partnerships. Oregon discussed its home visiting program and quality incentive strategy for its coordinated care organizations. The state incentivizes progress on the HEDIS measures and other measures designed by the state’s Pediatric Improvement Partnership, including a measure of social-emotional health service capacity and access for infants and children. Michigan discussed how they requires MCOs to identify and publish disparities in well-child visit rates and how they encourage plans to reduce disparities. The state also uses an algorithm that automatically assigns members to MCOs based on MCOs’ performance and reimburses for maternal-infant health home visiting. North Carolina shared its Keeping Kids Well program, which aims to increase well-child visit and immunization rates and reduce disparities in those rates. The program offers coaches to practices to support their improvements, established an advisory board of key interested parties, and provides customized vaccination notices for practices to distribute to beneficiaries, in partnership with health systems and pharmaceutical companies. The state also used the Healthy Opportunities payment to incentivize the identification and redress of health-related social needs and provided the Health Equity Payment to providers serving areas with high poverty rates.

i 3 Hagan, J.F., J.S. Shaw, and P.M. Duncan (eds.). Bright Futures: Guidelines for Health Supervision of Infants, Children, and Adolescents. 4th ed. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics, 2017.

ii Gill, J.M., A. Saldarriaga, A.G. Mainous, and D. Unger. “Does Continuity Between Prenatal and Well-Child Care Improve Childhood Immunizations?” Family Medicine, vol. 34, no. 4, April 2002, pp. 274–280.

iii Buchholz, M., and A. Talmi. “What We Talked About at the Pediatrician’s Office: Exploring Differences Between Healthy Steps and Traditional Pediatric Primary Care Visits.” Infant Mental Health Journal, vol. 33, no. 4, 2012, pp. 430–436.

iv DeVoe, J.E., M. Hoopes, C.A. Nelson, et al. “Electronic Health Record Tools to Assist with Children’s Insurance Coverage: A Mixed Methods Study.” BMC Health Services Research, vol.18, no. 1, May 2018, p. 354–360.

v Coker, T.R., S. Chacon, M.N. Elliott, et al. “A Parent Coach Model for Well-Child Care Among Low-Income Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial.” Pediatrics, vol. 137, no. 3, March 2016, p. e20153013.

vi Flores, G., H. Lin, C. Walker, M. Lee, J. Currie, R. Allgeyer, M. Fierro, M. Henry, A. Portillo, and K. Massey. “Parent Mentoring Program Increases Coverage Rates for Uninsured Latino Children.” Health Affairs, vol. 37, no. 3, 2018, pp. 403–412.

vii Hakim, R.B., and D.S. Ronsaville. “Effect of Compliance with Health Supervision Guidelines Among US Infants on Emergency Department Visits.” Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, vol. 156, no. 10, October 2002, pp. 1015–1020.

The website may be down at times on Saturday, August 24, and Sunday, August 25, for maintenance.

KATHERINE TURNER, MD

Am Fam Physician. 2018;98(6):347-353

Related letter: Well-Child Visits Provide Physicians Opportunity to Deliver Interconception Care to Mothers

Author disclosure: No relevant financial affiliations.

The well-child visit allows for comprehensive assessment of a child and the opportunity for further evaluation if abnormalities are detected. A complete history during the well-child visit includes information about birth history; prior screenings; diet; sleep; dental care; and medical, surgical, family, and social histories. A head-to-toe examination should be performed, including a review of growth. Immunizations should be reviewed and updated as appropriate. Screening for postpartum depression in mothers of infants up to six months of age is recommended. Based on expert opinion, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends developmental surveillance at each visit, with formal developmental screening at nine, 18, and 30 months and autism-specific screening at 18 and 24 months; the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force found insufficient evidence to make a recommendation. Well-child visits provide the opportunity to answer parents' or caregivers' questions and to provide age-appropriate guidance. Car seats should remain rear facing until two years of age or until the height or weight limit for the seat is reached. Fluoride use, limiting or avoiding juice, and weaning to a cup by 12 months of age may improve dental health. A one-time vision screening between three and five years of age is recommended by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force to detect amblyopia. The American Academy of Pediatrics guideline based on expert opinion recommends that screen time be avoided, with the exception of video chatting, in children younger than 18 months and limited to one hour per day for children two to five years of age. Cessation of breastfeeding before six months and transition to solid foods before six months are associated with childhood obesity. Juice and sugar-sweetened beverages should be avoided before one year of age and provided only in limited quantities for children older than one year.

Well-child visits for infants and young children (up to five years) provide opportunities for physicians to screen for medical problems (including psychosocial concerns), to provide anticipatory guidance, and to promote good health. The visits also allow the family physician to establish a relationship with the parents or caregivers. This article reviews the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guidelines for screenings and recommendations for infants and young children. Family physicians should prioritize interventions with the strongest evidence for patient-oriented outcomes, such as immunizations, postpartum depression screening, and vision screening.

Clinical Examination

The history should include a brief review of birth history; prematurity can be associated with complex medical conditions. 1 Evaluate breastfed infants for any feeding problems, 2 and assess formula-fed infants for type and quantity of iron-fortified formula being given. 3 For children eating solid foods, feeding history should include everything the child eats and drinks. Sleep, urination, defecation, nutrition, dental care, and child safety should be reviewed. Medical, surgical, family, and social histories should be reviewed and updated. For newborns, review the results of all newborn screening tests ( Table 1 4 – 7 ) and schedule follow-up visits as necessary. 2

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION

A comprehensive head-to-toe examination should be completed at each well-child visit. Interval growth should be reviewed by using appropriate age, sex, and gestational age growth charts for height, weight, head circumference, and body mass index if 24 months or older. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-recommended growth charts are available. Percentiles and observations of changes along the chart's curve should be assessed at every visit. Include assessment of parent/caregiver-child interactions and potential signs of abuse such as bruises on uncommonly injured areas, burns, human bite marks, bruises on nonmobile infants, or multiple injuries at different healing stages. 8

The USPSTF and AAP screening recommendations are outlined in Table 2 . 3 , 9 – 27 A summary of AAP recommendations is available. The American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) generally adheres to USPSTF recommendations. 28

MATERNAL DEPRESSION

Prevalence of postpartum depression is around 12%, 22 and its presence can impair infant development. The USPSTF and AAP recommend using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale or the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 to screen for maternal depression. The USPSTF does not specify a screening schedule; however, based on expert opinion, the AAP recommends screening mothers at the one-, two-, four-, and six-month well-child visits, with further evaluation for positive results. 23 There are no recommendations to screen other caregivers if the mother is not present at the well-child visit.

PSYCHOSOCIAL

With nearly one-half of children in the United States living at or near the poverty level, assessing home safety, food security, and access to safe drinking water can improve awareness of psychosocial problems, with referrals to appropriate agencies for those with positive results. 29 The prevalence of mental health disorders (i.e., primarily anxiety, depression, behavioral disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) in preschool-aged children is around 6%. 30 Risk factors for these disorders include having a lower socioeconomic status, being a member of an ethnic minority, and having a non–English-speaking parent or primary caregiver. 25 The USPSTF found insufficient evidence regarding screening for depression in children up to 11 years of age. 24 Based on expert opinion, the AAP recommends that physicians consider screening, although screening in young children has not been validated or standardized. 25

DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE

Based on expert opinion, the AAP recommends early identification of developmental delays 14 and autism 10 ; however, the USPSTF found insufficient evidence to recommend formal developmental screening 13 or autism-specific screening 9 if the parents/caregivers or physician have no concerns. If physicians choose to screen, developmental surveillance of language, communication, gross and fine movements, social/emotional development, and cognitive/problem-solving skills should occur at each visit by eliciting parental or caregiver concerns, obtaining interval developmental history, and observing the child. Any area of concern should be evaluated with a formal developmental screening tool, such as Ages and Stages Questionnaire, Parents' Evaluation of Developmental Status, Parents' Evaluation of Developmental Status-Developmental Milestones, or Survey of Well-Being of Young Children. These tools are available. If results are abnormal, consider intervention or referral to early intervention services. The AAP recommends completing the previously mentioned formal screening tools at nine-, 18-, and 30-month well-child visits. 14

The AAP also recommends autism-specific screening at 18 and 24 months. 10 The USPSTF recommends using the two-step Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) screening tool if a physician chooses to screen a patient for autism. 10 The M-CHAT can be incorporated into the electronic medical record, with the possibility of the parent or caregiver completing the questionnaire through the patient portal before the office visit.

IRON DEFICIENCY

Multiple reports have associated iron deficiency with impaired neurodevelopment. Therefore, it is essential to ensure adequate iron intake. Based on expert opinion, the AAP recommends supplements for preterm infants beginning at one month of age and exclusively breastfed term infants at six months of age. 3 The USPSTF found insufficient evidence to recommend screening for iron deficiency in infants. 19 Based on expert opinion, the AAP recommends measuring a child's hemoglobin level at 12 months of age. 3

Lead poisoning and elevated lead blood levels are prevalent in young children. The AAP and CDC recommend a targeted screening approach. The AAP recommends screening for serum lead levels between six months and six years in high-risk children; high-risk children are identified by location-specific risk recommendations, enrollment in Medicaid, being foreign born, or personal screening. 21 The USPSTF does not recommend screening for lead poisoning in children at average risk who are asymptomatic. 20

The USPSTF recommends at least one vision screening to detect amblyopia between three and five years of age. Testing options include visual acuity, ocular alignment test, stereoacuity test, photoscreening, and autorefractors. The USPSTF found insufficient evidence to recommend screening before three years of age. 26 The AAP, American Academy of Ophthalmology, and the American Academy of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus recommend the use of an instrument-based screening (photoscreening or autorefractors) between 12 months and three years of age and annual visual acuity screening beginning at four years of age. 31

IMMUNIZATIONS

The AAFP recommends that all children be immunized. 32 Recommended vaccination schedules, endorsed by the AAP, the AAFP, and the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, are found at https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/hcp/child-adolescent.html . Immunizations are usually administered at the two-, four-, six-, 12-, and 15- to 18-month well-child visits; the four- to six-year well-child visit; and annually during influenza season. Additional vaccinations may be necessary based on medical history. 33 Immunization history should be reviewed at each wellness visit.

Anticipatory Guidance

Injuries remain the leading cause of death among children, 34 and the AAP has made several recommendations to decrease the risk of injuries. 35 – 42 Appropriate use of child restraints minimizes morbidity and mortality associated with motor vehicle collisions. Infants need a rear-facing car safety seat until two years of age or until they reach the height or weight limit for the specific car seat. Children should then switch to a forward-facing car seat for as long as the seat allows, usually 65 to 80 lb (30 to 36 kg). 35 Children should never be unsupervised around cars, driveways, and streets. Young children should wear bicycle helmets while riding tricycles or bicycles. 37

Having functioning smoke detectors and an escape plan decreases the risk of fire- and smoke-related deaths. 36 Water heaters should be set to a maximum of 120°F (49°C) to prevent scald burns. 37 Infants and young children should be watched closely around any body of water, including water in bathtubs and toilets, to prevent drowning. Swimming pools and spas should be completely fenced with a self-closing, self-latching gate. 38

Infants should not be left alone on any high surface, and stairs should be secured by gates. 43 Infant walkers should be discouraged because they provide no benefit and they increase falls down stairs, even if stair gates are installed. 39 Window locks, screens, or limited-opening windows decrease injury and death from falling. 40 Parents or caregivers should also anchor furniture to a wall to prevent heavy pieces from toppling over. Firearms should be kept unloaded and locked. 41

Young children should be closely supervised at all times. Small objects are a choking hazard, especially for children younger than three years. Latex balloons, round objects, and food can cause life-threatening airway obstruction. 42 Long strings and cords can strangle children. 37

DENTAL CARE

Infants should never have a bottle in bed, and babies should be weaned to a cup by 12 months of age. 44 Juices should be avoided in infants younger than 12 months. 45 Fluoride use inhibits tooth demineralization and bacterial enzymes and also enhances remineralization. 11 The AAP and USPSTF recommend fluoride supplementation and the application of fluoride varnish for teeth if the water supply is insufficient. 11 , 12 Begin brushing teeth at tooth eruption with parents or caregivers supervising brushing until mastery. Children should visit a dentist regularly, and an assessment of dental health should occur at well-child visits. 44

SCREEN TIME

Hands-on exploration of their environment is essential to development in children younger than two years. Video chatting is acceptable for children younger than 18 months; otherwise digital media should be avoided. Parents and caregivers may use educational programs and applications with children 18 to 24 months of age. If screen time is used for children two to five years of age, the AAP recommends a maximum of one hour per day that occurs at least one hour before bedtime. Longer usage can cause sleep problems and increases the risk of obesity and social-emotional delays. 46

To decrease the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), the AAP recommends that infants sleep on their backs on a firm mattress for the first year of life with no blankets or other soft objects in the crib. 45 Breastfeeding, pacifier use, and room sharing without bed sharing protect against SIDS; infant exposure to tobacco, alcohol, drugs, and sleeping in bed with parents or caregivers increases the risk of SIDS. 47

DIET AND ACTIVITY

The USPSTF, AAFP, and AAP all recommend breastfeeding until at least six months of age and ideally for the first 12 months. 48 Vitamin D 400 IU supplementation for the first year of life in exclusively breastfed infants is recommended to prevent vitamin D deficiency and rickets. 49 Based on expert opinion, the AAP recommends the introduction of certain foods at specific ages. Early transition to solid foods before six months is associated with higher consumption of fatty and sugary foods 50 and an increased risk of atopic disease. 51 Delayed transition to cow's milk until 12 months of age decreases the incidence of iron deficiency. 52 Introduction of highly allergenic foods, such as peanut-based foods and eggs, before one year decreases the likelihood that a child will develop food allergies. 53

With approximately 17% of children being obese, many strategies for obesity prevention have been proposed. 54 The USPSTF does not have a recommendation for screening or interventions to prevent obesity in children younger than six years. 54 The AAP has made several recommendations based on expert opinion to prevent obesity. Cessation of breastfeeding before six months and introduction of solid foods before six months are associated with childhood obesity and are not recommended. 55 Drinking juice should be avoided before one year of age, and, if given to older children, only 100% fruit juice should be provided in limited quantities: 4 ounces per day from one to three years of age and 4 to 6 ounces per day from four to six years of age. Intake of other sugar-sweetened beverages should be discouraged to help prevent obesity. 45 The AAFP and AAP recommend that children participate in at least 60 minutes of active free play per day. 55 , 56

Data Sources: Literature search was performed using the USPSTF published recommendations and the AAP Periodicity table . PubMed searches were completed using the key terms pediatric, obesity prevention, and allergy prevention with search limits of infant younger than 23 months or pediatric younger than 18 years. The searches included systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, and position statements. Essential Evidence Plus was also reviewed. Search dates: May through October 2017.

Gauer RL, Burket J, Horowitz E. Common questions about outpatient care of premature infants. Am Fam Physician. 2014;90(4):244-251.

American Academy of Pediatrics; Committee on Fetus and Newborn. Hospital stay for healthy term newborns. Pediatrics. 2010;125(2):405-409.

Baker RD, Greer FR Committee on Nutrition, American Academy of Pediatrics. Diagnosis and prevention of iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia in infants and young children (0–3 years of age). Pediatrics. 2010;126(5):1040-1050.

Mahle WT, Martin GR, Beekman RH, Morrow WR Section on Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery Executive Committee. Endorsement of Health and Human Services recommendation for pulse oximetry screening for critical congenital heart disease. Pediatrics. 2012;129(1):190-192.

American Academy of Pediatrics Newborn Screening Authoring Committee. Newborn screening expands: recommendations for pediatricians and medical homes—implications for the system. Pediatrics. 2008;121(1):192-217.

American Academy of Pediatrics, Joint Committee on Infant Hearing. Year 2007 position statement: principles and guidelines for early hearing detection and intervention programs. Pediatrics. 2007;120(4):898-921.

Maisels MJ, Bhutani VK, Bogen D, Newman TB, Stark AR, Watchko JF. Hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn infant > or = 35 weeks' gestation: an update with clarifications. Pediatrics. 2009;124(4):1193-1198.

Christian CW Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect, American Academy of Pediatrics. The evaluation of suspected child physical abuse [published correction appears in Pediatrics . 2015;136(3):583]. Pediatrics. 2015;135(5):e1337-e1354.

Siu AL, Bibbins-Domingo K, Grossman DC, et al. Screening for autism spectrum disorder in young children: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2016;315(7):691-696.

Johnson CP, Myers SM American Academy of Pediatrics Council on Children with Disabilities. Identification and evaluation of children with autism spectrum disorders. Pediatrics. 2007;120(5):1183-1215.

Moyer VA. Prevention of dental caries in children from birth through age 5 years: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Pediatrics. 2014;133(6):1102-1111.

Clark MB, Slayton RL American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Oral Health. Fluoride use in caries prevention in the primary care setting. Pediatrics. 2014;134(3):626-633.

Siu AL. Screening for speech and language delay and disorders in children aged 5 years and younger: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Pediatrics. 2015;136(2):e474-e481.

Council on Children with Disabilities, Section on Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics, Bright Futures Steering Committee, Medical Home Initiatives for Children with Special Needs Project Advisory Committee. Identifying infants and young children with developmental disorders in the medical home: an algorithm for developmental surveillance and screening [published correction appears in Pediatrics . 2006;118(4):1808–1809]. Pediatrics. 2006;118(1):405-420.

Bibbins-Domingo K, Grossman DC, Curry SJ, et al. Screening for lipid disorders in children and adolescents: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2016;316(6):625-633.

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Expert panel on integrated guidelines for cardiovascular health and risk reduction in children and adolescents. October 2012. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/media/docs/peds_guidelines_full.pdf . Accessed May 9, 2018.

Moyer VA. Screening for primary hypertension in children and adolescents: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med. 2013;159(9):613-619.

Flynn JT, Kaelber DC, Baker-Smith CM, et al. Clinical practice guideline for screening and management of high blood pressure in children and adolescents [published correction appears in Pediatrics . 2017;140(6):e20173035]. Pediatrics. 2017;140(3):e20171904.

Siu AL. Screening for iron deficiency anemia in young children: USPSTF recommendation statement. Pediatrics. 2015;136(4):746-752.

U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for elevated blood lead levels in children and pregnant women. Pediatrics. 2006;118(6):2514-2518.

Screening Young Children for Lead Poisoning: Guidance for State and Local Public Health Officials . Atlanta, Ga.: U.S. Public Health Service; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; National Center for Environmental Health; 1997.

O'Connor E, Rossom RC, Henninger M, Groom HC, Burda BU. Primary care screening for and treatment of depression in pregnant and post-partum women: evidence report and systematic review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2016;315(4):388-406.

Earls MF Committee on Psychosocial Aspects of Child and Family Health, American Academy of Pediatrics. Incorporating recognition and management of perinatal and postpartum depression into pediatric practice. Pediatrics. 2010;126(5):1032-1039.

Siu AL. Screening for depression in children and adolescents: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med. 2016;164(5):360-366.

Weitzman C, Wegner L American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics; Committee on Psychosocial Aspects of Child and Family Health; Council on Early Childhood; Society for Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics; American Academy of Pediatrics. Promoting optimal development: screening for behavioral and emotional problems [published correction appears in Pediatrics . 2015;135(5):946]. Pediatrics. 2015;135(2):384-395.

Grossman DC, Curry SJ, Owens DK, et al. Vision screening in children aged 6 months to 5 years: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2017;318(9):836-844.

Donahue SP, Nixon CN Committee on Practice and Ambulatory Medicine, Section on Ophthalmology, American Academy of Pediatrics; American Association of Certified Orthoptists, American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, American Academy of Ophthalmology. Visual system assessment in infants, children, and young adults by pediatricians. Pediatrics. 2016;137(1):28-30.

Lin KW. What to do at well-child visits: the AAFP's perspective. Am Fam Physician. 2015;91(6):362-364.

American Academy of Pediatrics Council on Community Pediatrics. Poverty and child health in the United States. Pediatrics. 2016;137(4):e20160339.

Lavigne JV, Lebailly SA, Hopkins J, Gouze KR, Binns HJ. The prevalence of ADHD, ODD, depression, and anxiety in a community sample of 4-year-olds. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2009;38(3):315-328.

American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Practice and Ambulatory Medicine, Section on Ophthalmology, American Association of Certified Orthoptists, American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, American Academy of Ophthalmology. Visual system assessment of infants, children, and young adults by pediatricians. Pediatrics. 2016;137(1):28-30.

American Academy of Family Physicians. Clinical preventive service recommendation. Immunizations. http://www.aafp.org/patient-care/clinical-recommendations/all/immunizations.html . Accessed October 5, 2017.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommended immunization schedule for children and adolescents aged 18 years or younger, United States, 2018. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/hcp/child-adolescent.html . Accessed May 9, 2018.

National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. 10 leading causes of death by age group, United States—2015. https://www.cdc.gov/injury/images/lc-charts/leading_causes_of_death_age_group_2015_1050w740h.gif . Accessed April 24, 2017.

Durbin DR American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Injury, Violence, and Poison Prevention. Child passenger safety. Pediatrics. 2011;127(4):788-793.

American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Injury and Poison Prevention. Reducing the number of deaths and injuries from residential fires. Pediatrics. 2000;105(6):1355-1357.

Gardner HG American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Injury, Violence, and Poison Prevention. Office-based counseling for unintentional injury prevention. Pediatrics. 2007;119(1):202-206.

American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Injury, Violence, and Poison Prevention. Prevention of drowning in infants, children, and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2003;112(2):437-439.

American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Injury and Poison Prevention. Injuries associated with infant walkers. Pediatrics. 2001;108(3):790-792.

American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Injury and Poison Prevention. Falls from heights: windows, roofs, and balconies. Pediatrics. 2001;107(5):1188-1191.

Dowd MD, Sege RD Council on Injury, Violence, and Poison Prevention Executive Committee; American Academy of Pediatrics. Firearm-related injuries affecting the pediatric population. Pediatrics. 2012;130(5):e1416-e1423.

American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Injury, Violence, and Poison Prevention. Prevention of choking among children. Pediatrics. 2010;125(3):601-607.

Kendrick D, Young B, Mason-Jones AJ, et al. Home safety education and provision of safety equipment for injury prevention (review). Evid Based Child Health. 2013;8(3):761-939.

American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Oral Health. Maintaining and improving the oral health of young children. Pediatrics. 2014;134(6):1224-1229.

Heyman MB, Abrams SA American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Committee on Nutrition. Fruit juice in infants, children, and adolescents: current recommendations. Pediatrics. 2017;139(6):e20170967.

Council on Communications and Media. Media and young minds. Pediatrics. 2016;138(5):e20162591.

Moon RY Task Force on Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. SIDS and other sleep-related infant deaths: evidence base for 2016 updated recommendations for a safe infant sleeping environment. Pediatrics. 2016;138(5):e20162940.

American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Breastfeeding. Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics. 2012;129(3):e827-e841.

Wagner CL, Greer FR American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Breastfeeding; Committee on Nutrition. Prevention of rickets and vitamin D deficiency in infants, children, and adolescents [published correction appears in Pediatrics . 2009;123(1):197]. Pediatrics. 2008;122(5):1142-1152.

Huh SY, Rifas-Shiman SL, Taveras EM, Oken E, Gillman MW. Timing of solid food introduction and risk of obesity in preschool-aged children. Pediatrics. 2011;127(3):e544-e551.

Greer FR, Sicherer SH, Burks AW American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Nutrition; Section on Allergy and Immunology. Effects of early nutritional interventions on the development of atopic disease in infants and children: the role of maternal dietary restriction, breastfeeding, timing of introduction of complementary foods, and hydrolyzed formulas. Pediatrics. 2008;121(1):183-191.

American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Nutrition. The use of whole cow's milk in infancy. Pediatrics. 1992;89(6 pt 1):1105-1109.

Fleischer DM, Spergel JM, Assa'ad AH, Pongracic JA. Primary prevention of allergic disease through nutritional interventions. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2013;1(1):29-36.

Grossman DC, Bibbins-Domingo K, Curry SJ, et al. Screening for obesity in children and adolescents: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2017;317(23):2417-2426.

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American Academy of Family Physicians. Physical activity in children. https://www.aafp.org/about/policies/all/physical-activity.html . Accessed January 1, 2018.

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More in AFP

What’s preventive care and what’s covered?

When it comes to your health, there’s no such thing as starting too early. Eating whole, nutritious foods, staying active, limiting alcohol, managing stress and getting routine checkups are all part of your preventive care.

Think of preventive care appointments like car maintenance. You likely bring your car in regularly for an oil check, tire rotation and break inspection to catch any issues and help keep your car running smoothly for as long as possible. Preventive care is routine health care that helps you stay on top of your health — and catch anything before it becomes serious.

What’s considered preventive care?

Preventive care includes the services you get as part of your routine well exam. Most health plans cover eligible preventive care services, which means you’ll pay $0 out of pocket. Preventive care includes:

Your annual physical care exam
Well-baby and well-child care
Recommended cancer tests and screenings at certain ages for skin, breast, colon, prostate, lung and cervical cancer
Other health screenings for things like osteoporosis and diabetes

Get a preventive care checklist

Wondering what to expect at your appointment? Enter your information to see a checklist of common tests and screenings for your age and gender.

Sex assigned at birth?

Are you pregnant, what’s not considered preventive care.

There are times when certain tests and screenings aren’t considered preventive care. Things like diagnostic care, bloodwork and sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing may or may not be considered preventive.

Diagnostic care

Health plans cover preventive and diagnostic care differently. It’s important to know which services fall into each category so you can budget. Diagnostic care includes care or treatment when you already have symptoms or risk factors and your doctor wants to diagnose them. For example, if a woman finds a lump in her breast and gets a mammogram, that screening is considered a diagnostic mammogram instead of a preventive mammogram.

Labs are an important part of your health care. Labs done during or as part of your well exam, including a complete blood count (CBC) and bloodwork used to check cholesterol levels and diabetes markers are likely always going to be covered. However, other blood chemistry tests (like kidney or liver function and vitamin D or iron levels) are not considered preventive care.

STI testing

Certain STI tests, like HIV, hepatitis B and C and syphilis are considered preventive for people at certain ages or with specific risk factors. Ask your doctor which STI tests may be covered as part of your preventive care visit.

What to expect at preventive care exams

You might be wondering where to get a physical exam. Typically, you’ll see your primary care provider (PCP) for your annual checkup. You can see any provider you’d like as long as they’re in your plan’s network. Otherwise, you may pay out of pocket for your preventive care visit. So, what is in a physical exam? Each person’s visit will look a little different, but here’s what you can expect.

Height, weight and body mass index (BMI) assessment

Your Body Mass Index (BMI) is an estimate of your body mass based on your height and weight. It can help you determine if you’re at a healthy weight.

Heart rate check and heart exam

A healthy resting heart rate for adults is typically between 60 and 100 beats per minute (bpm). 4 During a heart exam, your doctor listens to your heart with a stethoscope to check for signs of heart disease , like an irregular heartbeat or murmur.

Regular lab work can help you and your doctor understand how well your body is functioning. Ask your doctor which tests are considered preventive (like cholesterol and blood glucose) and which you may have to pay for out of pocket (like a thyroid panel).

Blood pressure test

Normal blood pressure is considered 120/80 mm Hg (millimeters of mercury) or less. 3 It’s important to know your numbers so you can keep your blood pressure in check.

Like a heart exam, lungs are checked for signs of disease, like wheezing or crackling.

Cancer screenings for adults

Common cancer screenings are recommended based on your age and risk factors.

Recommendations depend on your age and other factors. Some, like the flu shot , are recommended annually. 4 See more about immunizations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

How can I prepare for my preventive care visit?

Make the most of the time you have with your provider during your annual checkup. Use these checklists to come prepared, and leave feeling confident and informed.

What to bring

Your health plan ID card and a photo ID (like your driver’s license).

A list of your medications, including over-the-counter products, prescriptions, vitamins and supplements you currently take. Some medicines and even "natural" products can interact with each other, which can be dangerous.

Quick tip: Bring your bottles and containers in a bag if it's easier than making a list.

Health history with details about your family medical history as well as your personal health history.

Questions, concerns and any symptoms you're experiencing.

A family member or friend. (They can help make sure you catch all the details.)

Quick tip: Jot down important information on a notepad or on your phone. Ask your doctor for a copy of your appointment notes.

General questions to ask

What screenings, tests or vaccines do you recommend?

When will I get my test results from this visit?

Does my family history raise my risk for any health problems?

Are there steps I can take to improve my health?

Do you have follow-up instructions for me? Can I get a copy?

When should I schedule my next appointment?

How can I contact you if I have questions after my visit?

Questions to ask about tests and screenings

When should I get a mammogram to screen for breast cancer? Should I consider genetic testing?

When should I get screened for cervical cancer?

When should I get screened for colorectal cancer? What are the benefits and risks of the different tests?

Should I get tested for sexually transmitted infections?

Should I get a prostate cancer screening?

How often should I check my cholesterol? What should my levels be?

How often should I check my blood pressure? What should my numbers be?

How often should I get screened for diabetes?

Do I need a bone density test?

What other important screenings do you recommend?

You may have additional tests and screenings based on your age or health.

Tips to help you stay on top of your health

Did you know there are important health numbers to keep track of for your health? These numbers include knowing your body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, cholesterol and glucose numbers.

Find a doctor for your preventive care exam

If you’re a member with UnitedHealthcare health insurance, use our provider search to find a doctor and make an appointment for your preventive care visit.

When you use links on our website, we may earn a fee.

What Is Home Daycare Insurance?

Running a daycare out of your home can be lucrative, but it’s important to be aware of the risks. To protect yourself and your business, you’ll need to get home daycare insurance. Home daycare insurance covers third-party liability claims, like injuries to children and lawsuits from parents.

Table of Contents

Does Home Insurance Cover Home Daycares?

When Do You Need Home Daycare Insurance?

Key takeaways.

Homeowners insurance doesn’t cover claims related to in-home daycares.
The cost of daycare insurance depends on factors like the number of kids in your care, your past claim history, and your coverage limits.
Home daycare insurance is a legal requirement for licensed daycare businesses in many states.

Home daycare insurance financially protects your business against the various risks of running a daycare out of your home. There are several types of insurance available, including general liability insurance and errors and omissions insurance .

In some states, you need home daycare insurance to comply with local regulations or get a business license. But even if it’s optional where you live, it’s still a good investment.

Without home daycare insurance, your business has no financial protection in the event of a lawsuit. This can lead to serious financial consequences and expensive legal fees.

What Does Home Daycare Insurance Cover?

Home daycare insurance refers to a collection of commercial insurance policies that in-home daycare owners might need. Here are some of the most common policies and what they cover:

General liability insurance: General liability insurance covers third-party claims of bodily injury and property damage, as well as your legal fees.
Accident medical insurance: This policy provides additional coverage for a child’s medical bills if they are injured at your daycare.
Errors and omissions insurance: Errors and omissions insurance, also called professional liability insurance, covers lawsuits related to negligence and unsafe business practices.
Workers’ compensation: Most states require you to have workers’ compensation coverage if you have full-time employees. It covers employee injuries and illnesses that occur on the job.
Commercial auto insurance: This is required in almost every state if your business owns vehicles that are used to transport kids.
Abuse and molestation insurance: This policy provides financial protection if you or your employee is accused of abuse, which isn’t always covered under general liability insurance or errors and omissions insurance.
Corporal punishment liability coverage: Corporal punishment liability coverage applies to third-party lawsuits of misconduct, such as a daycare worker hitting or otherwise harming a child as a means of punishment.
Umbrella insurance: Extends your liability coverage limits beyond what the standard policy provides.

What Doesn’t Home Daycare Insurance Cover?

Home daycare insurance doesn’t cover all the risks you might face as a daycare business owner. Here are some of the losses that aren’t typically covered:

Intentional acts of harm
Claims that exceed the coverage limits of your policy
Property damage related to earthquakes or flooding
Large daycare programs (e.g., Some policies only cover small programs with less than five kids.)
Accidents when using personal vehicles for business purposes

Does Homeowners Insurance Cover Home Daycares?

Homeowners insurance doesn’t cover daycares. Most home insurance policies exclude coverage for home-based businesses, so if your daycare service is generating income, your home insurance policy probably doesn’t apply.

Some insurance companies offer a home-based business endorsement that can be added to your home insurance policy, but keep in mind that it may not offer enough coverage for daycares.

Typically, home daycare insurance is legally required for any in-home daycare or child care program that makes money. Here are some other situations when you would likely need home daycare insurance:

You run a summer camp at your home.
You host a before-school or after-school program at home.
You operate a preschool out of your home.
You run a religious program for kids at your house.

How Much Home Daycare Insurance Coverage Do You Need?

The amount of home daycare insurance coverage you need will depend on your business and your state’s laws. For example, daycare businesses in Texas must have at least $300,000 in liability insurance per child.

You should also base your coverage limits on the number of children that are regularly in your care. A daycare that watches more than 15 children may need more insurance coverage than one with only four kids.

The type of insurance coverage you select will also depend on your needs. If you have multiple daycare employees and business-owned vehicles, you will need workers’ compensation insurance and commercial auto insurance , which will increase your premium.

How Much Does Home Daycare Insurance Cost?

The cost of daycare insurance is different for every business, and it depends on a variety of factors. Some of the factors that insurance companies might consider include the number of children you watch, your business’ previous claim history, and the number of years it has been operating.

Other things that can impact daycare insurance premiums are the types of policies you purchase, your coverage limits, and your deductibles. Additionally, insurance costs can vary significantly between insurance companies, which is why it’s a good idea to compare quotes from a few insurers.

Home Daycare Insurance FAQ

When choosing a home daycare insurance policy, make sure it meets any state-mandated requirements. Also, try to cover all the risks that your business might face. You may need to purchase multiple policies to get complete protection. You should also choose policy limits that will provide adequate financial coverage.

You can get a quote for home daycare insurance from many insurance companies that offer commercial insurance policies. Depending on the insurer, you can either get a quote online or by calling an agent.

To lower your daycare insurance premium, you can bundle your policies, choose higher deductibles, and ask about discounts. You might also save money by upgrading the safety features around your home, such as adding a fenced-in playground area or a whole-house fire alarm system.

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FDA approves the new Covid vaccine. Here's the best time to get it.

The Food and Drug Administration on Thursday approved the new Covid vaccines from Pfizer and Moderna.

It’s the third time the vaccines have been updated to match circulating strains since the original series. The shots should be available within days. The agency hasn't yet approved a third vaccine, from drugmaker Novavax.

The timing of the new vaccines — last year's rollout was in mid-September — is significant, since most of the U.S. is still caught in the summer wave of Covid illness. As of Monday, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported, the number of people testing positive for Covid keeps rising and emergency room visits for Covid have been increasing since mid-May. Hospitalizations are rising , too.

Here’s what to know about the updated vaccines.

How are the new Covid vaccines different?

The new shots from Pfizer and Moderna are designed to target the KP.2 strain, a descendant of the highly contagious JN.1 variant that began circulating widely in the U.S. last winter. The drugmakers started making the new doses in June after the FDA advised them to freshen the formulas to match the version of the virus that was gaining ground in the U.S.

A third vaccine, from drugmaker Novavax, has been updated to target the JN.1 strain. JN.1 and KP.2 have largely faded from circulation, according to the CDC.

As of Saturday, a sister strain called KP.3.1.1 accounted for about 36% of all new Covid cases, while another sister strain, KP.3, accounted for about 17%.

It’s unclear exactly how effective the vaccines will be against the newer strains, but experts expect that they will protect against severe illness.

A spokesperson from Pfizer told NBC News that data submitted to the FDA shows that its vaccine generates a “substantially improved” immune response against multiple currently circulating variants, including KP.3, compared to earlier versions of the vaccine.

There are “very minor sequence differences” between the variants, said John Moore, a professor of microbiology and immunology at Weill Cornell Medical College.

A paper published this month in the journal Infectious Diseases found that KP.3.1.1 shares similarities with JN.1 and KP.2, although it has a few additional mutations that may help it spread more easily.

“All these changes are incremental. They do not change the overall big picture,” Moore said. “KP.3.1.1 is just another step in the road that the overall omicron lineage is taking towards greater transmissibility.”

Who should get the new Covid vaccine?

In an earlier interview, Dr. Ashish Jha, dean of the Brown University School of Public Health and a former White House Covid-19 response coordinator, said Covid is most likely endemic in the U.S., meaning the virus is following “a relatively predictable pattern that will last a very long time.”

That means we’ll be getting a yearly updated Covid vaccine to protect against mutations and waning immunity, just like annual flu shots.

As of May 11, only 22.5% of adults got last year’s updated Covid vaccine, according to data from the CDC . Only 14.4% of children ages 6 months through 17 years got vaccinated.

For this fall, the CDC recommended that all Americans ages 6 months and older get the new shots.

But Dr. Isaac Bogoch, an infectious disease specialist at the University of Toronto, said it’s challenging to make a one-size-fits-all recommendation on who should get the vaccine, especially for healthy, young adults.

“It’s fair to say that the vaccines are still helpful, certainly at an individual level, and to some extent at a community level,” he said.

It’s critically important that people at the highest risk of a severe Covid infection — including people over 65 or with weakened immune systems or underlying health conditions, such as heart disease or obesity — get the vaccine, Bogoch said

“The heavy lifting of the vaccine is really in protecting the most vulnerable people from severe outcomes, like hospitalization and death,” he said.

When should I get the new Covid vaccine?

Millions of people in the U.S. have had Covid within the last few weeks and months. An advantage of the summer wave is that people who have recently recovered have an immune boost to fight off future infections.

Because the vaccines will be available earlier this year than last, the question of timing for the most protection through the winter is more urgent. According to CDC guidance, if you’ve recently had Covid , “you may consider delaying your vaccine dose by 3 months.”

For people at high risk of severe illness, experts say get the vaccine when it becomes available. That's because infection may not provide as much protection as vaccination, said Dr. Ofer Levy, the director of the Precision Vaccines Program at Boston Children’s Hospital.

Protection from infection can vary based on the severity of infection, the strain, as well as a person’s age and health.

For the young and healthy, it may not be as beneficial to get the vaccine so close to recovery from infection, said Akiko Iwasaki, professor of immunology at the Yale School of Medicine. High levels of antibodies present from recent infection may prevent the vaccine from stimulating new immune cells.

“If there’s a lot of antibodies already circulating, those antibodies are going to block the [vaccine] from doing its job,” she said. “That’s one reason why it’s not recommended to get the vaccine immediately after you’ve had Covid.”

Dr. Paul Sax, clinical director of the division of infectious diseases at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston, said there’s no harm in getting the vaccine now, although it may make more sense to wait since Covid cases tend to pick up around November.

“Assuming that’s the case again this year, I would say sometime in October when people get their flu shot would be perfect,” Sax said.

There’s not a risk to getting it right away, but the initial protection from the vaccine may not last through an expected winter wave, Sax said.

“The good thing is that all of us with our immunity from prior vaccines or getting Covid or both don’t have as much of a risk of severe disease,” he said. “But if you want to really completely avoid getting infected it’s that antibody spike after the vaccine that happens one to three weeks after that’s most protective.”

Dr. Manisha Juthani, commissioner of the Connecticut Department of Public Health, said that people who recently had Covid can wait a few months before they get their updated vaccine.

“Immunity does wane from having had Covid or getting the vaccine,” Juthani said Wednesday during a media briefing with the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials ahead of the winter respiratory virus season. “If you don’t feel strongly about getting the vaccine right away, then waiting about three months from when you had Covid, and particularly, so that as we’re approaching the holidays, that you get that shot before the big holidays and when you may be gathering with people.”

“If you feel strongly that you really want to get the shot as soon as it’s available, even if you had Covid this summer, then of course you can get that,” she added. “There’s nothing to say that you can’t in September or October.”

Data from prior Covid vaccines suggests that the initial protection against infection peaks about a month after the shot and starts to wane over the next several months, even when the vaccine is well matched to the circulating strains.

Fortunately protection against severe disease remains robust for much longer, Iwasaki said.

Ultimately you never know when you may become infected with the virus, she said.

“It’s kind of a risky calculation because waves just means that there is a large number of infections in the population, but at the individual level you can get infected tomorrow,” she said. “So it’s very difficult to predict what is the best time to get it.”

Iwasaki plans to get the vaccine herself sooner rather than later since she has not been infected or had a booster in some time.

Sax recommends that his patients wait two to three months after recovering before getting another shot.

“The reality is, your infection gives you some boost of your own immunity,” he said.

What are side effects of the new Covid vaccines?

Like other versions of the Covid vaccines and similar to flu shots, the most common reaction is some pain at the injection site. Other side effects include :

Muscle pain

The CDC says the side effects typically resolve after a few days. Serious side effects , such as the life-threatening allergic reaction called anaphylaxis, are rare.

Pfizer and Moderna’s vaccines have been associated with a small but increased risk of myocarditis , the inflammation of the heart muscle, mostly in young men. Most people make a full recovery.

How much will it cost?

Pfizer, Moderna and Novavax are charging up to $150 per dose for a Covid vaccine , according to data from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.

The vast majority of people with public and private health insurance should pay nothing out of pocket for the updated Covid vaccines —as long as they stick with an in-network provider, said Jennifer Kates, director of the Global Health & HIV Policy Program.

Medicare and Medicaid require that the vaccines are free for patients. The Affordable Care Act, also known as Obamacare, requires private insurers to cover all vaccines that are recommended by the CDC’s vaccine committee and director.

However, Kates added that the ACA’s requirement does not apply to grandfathered plans — plans that existed before the ACA was signed into law — and short-term health plans.

“People enrolled in these plans may face cost sharing for the Covid vaccine, or the vaccine may not be covered at all,” she said.

Children without insurance can get free vaccines through the government-run Vaccines for Children Program.

For adults without health insurance, the situation is a bit different. The CDC’s Bridge Access Program — which has been paying for shots for uninsured adults — is expected to shut down in August because of a lack of funding.

Once the funding runs out, uninsured individuals may be able to access free Covid vaccines through community health centers and other safety net providers that participate in the Section 317 vaccine program for adults, Kates said. Section 317 is a federal initiative that gives funding to states to provide vaccines for uninsured and underinsured adults.

“Some state and local health departments may also have a limited supply for people without insurance, but any supply will be very limited,” Kates said.

Berkeley Lovelace Jr. is a health and medical reporter for NBC News. He covers the Food and Drug Administration, with a special focus on Covid vaccines, prescription drug pricing and health care. He previously covered the biotech and pharmaceutical industry with CNBC.

Akshay Syal, M.D., is a medical fellow with the NBC News Health and Medical Unit.

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Pet insurance vs. wellness plans: What’s the difference and what’s right for you and your pet?

Pet insurance is a financial product designed to cover unexpected veterinary costs that arise from accidents, illnesses and other unforeseen health issues. Like human health insurance, it provides a financial safety net for high-cost medical expenses.

Pet owners want the best for their furry friends, which often involves making decisions about their health care. One common dilemma is whether to invest in pet insurance or a pet wellness plan. In many cases, pet owners may want both.

Both pet insurance and wellness plans offer ways to manage your pet’s health expenses, but they serve different purposes. Understanding these differences will ensure you choose the right option for your pet’s needs.

What pet insurance is and how it works

Pet insurance is a financial product designed to cover unexpected veterinary costs that arise from accidents, illnesses and other unforeseen health issues. Like human health insurance, it provides a financial safety net for high-cost medical expenses.

How pet insurance works

Pet insurance policies typically involve paying a monthly premium in exchange for coverage of various medical expenses.

When your pet requires veterinary care, you pay the bill upfront and then submit a claim to the insurance company for reimbursement. The reimbursement amount depends on your policy’s coverage details, such as deductibles, co-pays and coverage limits.

Some insurers, like Trupanion, have a VetPay facility, meaning your insurance company pays the covered portion of your bill directly to the vet.

Pet insurance usually covers:

Accidents and injuries (broken bones, swallowed objects)
Diagnostic tests (blood tests, X-rays)
Illnesses (cancer, diabetes, infections)
Prescription medications
Surgeries and hospitalizations

Some policies may also offer optional wellness care add-ons.

A pet wellness plan is designed to cover routine and preventive care. These plans help manage the cost of regular veterinary services that keep your pet healthy. Preventive care may help detect issues early before they become serious problems.

How pet wellness plans work

Pet wellness plans are offered as pet insurance add-ons or as stand-alone financial assistance.

They function on a subscription basis, where you pay a monthly or annual fee in exchange for a set of covered services. Unlike pet insurance, wellness plans usually do not involve filing claims and waiting for reimbursement. Instead, you receive discounted or fully covered services during your visit.

Not all pet insurance providers have wellness plans or preventive care add-ons. Some vet clinics offer wellness programs to help pet owners budget for routine pet health care. These may only be utilized at their clinic or network of animal hospitals.

Pet wellness plans typically cover:

Dental cleanings
Flea, tick and heartworm prevention
Microchipping
Routine blood work
Routine check-ups and physical exams
Spay/neuter procedures
Vaccinations

These plans are ideal for budgeting regular veterinary care and ensuring your pet receives consistent preventive treatments.

Pet insurance vs. pet wellness plans

While pet wellness plans help to budget for routine pet care, pet insurance focuses on the unexpected.

When deciding between pet insurance and wellness plans, consider the following:

Age and health: Young, healthy pets might benefit more from wellness plans focusing on preventive care, while older pets or breeds prone to health issues may need the comprehensive coverage of pet insurance.
Budget: Evaluate your financial situation. Pet insurance can save you from unexpected, high medical bills, while wellness plans help manage routine care costs.
Risk tolerance: If you prefer financial predictability, a wellness plan might suit you. Pet insurance could be the better option if you’re more concerned about potential high costs from accidents or illnesses.
Vet visits: Consider how often you visit the vet. Regular visits for preventive care may justify the cost of a wellness plan, whereas infrequent visits might not.

Pet insurance pros

Comprehensive coverage: Pet insurance provides extensive protection against unexpected and often costly medical emergencies.
Financial safeguard: It helps manage large, unplanned for expenses that arise from serious illnesses or injuries.
Peace of mind: Knowing you have a plan for crises can reduce stress and worry about your pet’s health.

Pet insurance cons

Cost: Monthly premiums can add up, and there may be deductibles and co-pays to consider.
Exclusions and waiting periods: Not all conditions are covered, and certain types of coverage may have waiting periods.
Reimbursement process: You usually need to pay the vet bill upfront and wait for reimbursement, which can be a hassle.

Wellness plan pros

Budget-friendly: Wellness plans allow you to spread out the cost of routine care over time, making it easier to manage your budget.
Immediate benefits: There is usually no need to file claims or wait for reimbursement; covered services are provided during the visit.
Preventive focus: These plans emphasize regular check-ups and preventive care, which can lead to early detection of health issues.

Pet wellness cons

Limited coverage: Some wellness plans only cover a portion of the preventive care costs or only pay a maximum value per treatment or per year.
Not customizable: Wellness plans often come as packages, which may include services you don’t need.
Overlapping costs: If you already have pet insurance, adding a wellness plan might result in overlapping coverage and increased overall costs.

When to consider pet insurance

Pet health insurance is valuable for pet parents seeking financial protection and peace of mind in the event of unexpected accidents or illnesses. It covers emergency situations that demand immediate and often expensive veterinary care.

Some dog breeds have a higher chance of developing chronic illnesses such as diabetes or cancer. If you sign your pet up for insurance before signs of these develop, your pet’s policy can go a long way to helping cover the significant expenses that stack up for chronic medications and surgeries.

If you are one of the lucky ones whose four-legged friend gets through life without serious incident, paying monthly insurance premiums may seem like a waste of money. Contributing to a medical emergency fund may be a better use of your money. If something unexpected happens, you can always draw from your emergency account to cover vet bills.

When to consider a pet wellness plan

Pet wellness plans are ideal for pet owners who wish to prioritize preventive care and budget for routine veterinary services throughout the year.

“Routine veterinary check-ups and preventive care can substantially lower the risk of expensive treatments for severe injuries and illnesses in the future,” said Melissa Meyer, veterinarian at Boksburg Animal Hospital, South Africa. “As a veterinarian, I understand how daunting a diagnosis can be, but I have seen significantly higher success rates when conditions are detected early. If a wellness plan can help you achieve this level of care for your pets, it is certainly a worthwhile consideration.”

A wellness plan can help puppies and kittens who undergo several vaccinations and other routine procedures in their first year or two of life manage these expenses. However, a wellness policy with these specific benefits may be excessive for older pets who have been microchipped, spayed or neutered.

With a little research, it is easy to budget for routine veterinary costs like vaccinations and annual check-ups.

However, if some of these happen in a short space of time, it may be challenging to have that amount of cash on hand. In this case, paying smaller, more regular amounts as a monthly wellness plan premium may be more manageable.

Pet insurance is a financial safety net for unforeseen illness and injury that can lead to hefty vet bills.

The cost of pet insurance varies depending on your pet’s age, breed and location, as well as which policy parameters you select (reimbursement percentage, deductibles, maximum coverage). Plans for pet wellness help pet owners budget for routine pet care such as vaccinations, teeth cleanings and annual check-ups.

Deciding between pet insurance and a pet wellness plan depends on your pet’s specific needs and your financial situation. Pet insurance might be the right choice if you are concerned about covering the cost of unexpected emergencies.

On the other hand, if you want to ensure consistent preventive care and manage routine veterinary expenses, a wellness plan could be more suitable.

By understanding the differences between pet insurance and wellness plans, you can make an informed choice that best suits your pet’s health needs and your financial situation. Remember, the goal is to ensure your pet receives the best care possible, keeping them happy and healthy for years to come.

Common questions

Can I have both pet insurance and a wellness plan? Yes, many pet owners choose to have both. Pet insurance covers emergencies and serious illnesses, while a wellness plan covers routine and preventive care. This combination can provide comprehensive coverage for your pet.
What does pet insurance typically not cover? Pet insurance often excludes pre-existing conditions, routine and preventive care (unless added as an optional rider), and certain hereditary conditions. Be sure to read the policy details to understand the exclusions.
How do I choose the right pet insurance policy? Consider factors such as coverage options, deductibles, reimbursement rates and customer reviews. Compare multiple providers to find a policy that fits your budget and meets your pet’s needs.
Are pet wellness plans worth it? If you regularly take your pet for check-ups and preventive care, a wellness plan can be a cost-effective way to manage those expenses. Evaluate the services included in the plan and compare them to your pet’s needs to determine if it’s worth it for you.
Can I switch from a wellness plan to pet insurance? Most pet insurance providers will allow you to switch from a wellness plan to an accident and illness policy or vice versa. However, be aware that switching may involve new waiting periods and potential exclusions for pre-existing conditions. It’s essential to time the switch carefully to avoid gaps in coverage.

Best Medical Insurance for Visitors to the U.S. (2024)

with our comparison partner, Squaremouth

Alex Carver is a writer and researcher based in Charlotte, N.C. A contributor to major news websites such as Automoblog and USA Today, she’s written content in sectors such as insurance, warranties, shipping, real estate and more.

Tori Addison is an editor who has worked in the digital marketing industry for over five years. Her experience includes communications and marketing work in the nonprofit, governmental and academic sectors. A journalist by trade, she started her career covering politics and news in New York’s Hudson Valley. Her work included coverage of local and state budgets, federal financial regulations and health care legislation.

Here’s a breakdown of how we reviewed and rated the best travel insurance companies

Do Visitors Need U.S. Health Insurance?

While health insurance is not always mandatory when traveling to the U.S., regulations may vary depending on the circumstances around your visit and your visa needs. In addition, health plans from different countries are generally not accepted in the U.S., which means you could pay thousands of dollars out-of-pocket for treatment in an emergency without a valid plan.

Note that many foreign visitors traveling to the U.S. do not need a visa to enter the country for less than 90 days. However, some visa requirements for long-term visitors require health insurance coverage for the duration of their stay. Regardless of the requirements for your travels, it’s worth considering a travel medical insurance plan based on the high cost of U.S. healthcare. According to GoodRx, an emergency room visit can cost upwards of $2,400 to $2,600 without insurance in the U.S.

Health Insurance Requirements for People Visiting the U.S.

While tourists do not technically need a travel medical insurance plan to obtain a visa, other types of visitors do. For instance, if you’re a student planning to study abroad in a U.S.-based college or university using an F-1 or J-1 visa, you’ll likely need some sort of health insurance or a comparable equivalent. Many universities that accept students on visas require medical coverage that complies with the school’s outlined health insurance requirements.

Note that health insurance requirements for visitors to the U.S. largely depend on the type of visa you need to enter the country. Regardless of whether it’s required, we recommend medical insurance based on the high costs of U.S. healthcare services.

Best Travel Health Insurance for Visitors to the U.S.

Our team has spent extensive time researching the best travel medical insurance plans for visitors to the U.S., considering factors such as availability, coverage, customer support and provider reputation.

Seven Corners Travel Medical Basic: Our pick for group travelers
WorldTrips Atlas America : Most affordable comprehensive coverage
IMG Patriot Lite : Best for medical coverage
IMG Patriot America Plus : Best for medical coverage
Trawick Safe Travels USA Comprehensive : Best for student travel insurance

Seven Corners

Why We Picked It

Seven Corners’ Travel Medical Basic plan is our pick for group travelers. This plan is specifically designed for groups of up to 10 non-U.S. residents and non-U.S. citizens aged 14 days or older, making it ideal for families traveling together . However, it is also available for solo travelers. You can extend coverage for up to a year, with protection both in the U.S. and worldwide.

Pros and Cons

Medical coverage details.

The Travel Medical Basic plan offers extensive coverage with benefit maximums of up to $1 million and various deductible options, making it easy to customize a plan to suit your needs. Medical coverage offered through this plan includes the following:

General medical
Emergency dental
Emergency services and assistance
Accidental death and dismemberment (AD&D)
Optional adventure activity coverage

Learn more : Seven Corners Travel Insurance Review

WorldTrips’ Atlas America plan is our pick for high coverage limits. This plan is designed for U.S. tourists, temporary workers, business visitors and international students studying abroad , providing accessible health coverage to a variety of travelers. It provides overall coverage maximums of up to $2 million, with up to $1 million for emergency medical evacuation coverage.

The Atlas America plan offers up to $2 million in overall coverage and seven different deductible options, providing sound medical coverage along with supplemental travel benefits. Medical coverages include services that fall under the following categories:

Emergency dental and vision

Learn more: WorldTrips Travel Insurance Review

We chose IMG’s Patriot Lite plan as our pick for budget coverage — the company quoted us less for this plan than its competitors on our list. You can buy this plan as an individual or group, making it ideal for family members traveling to the U.S. together. Like other insurance companies in this review, IMG is partnered with UnitedHealthcare, meaning policyholders have access to a domestic network of over 1.4 million physicians for medical care.

Policyholders can choose coverage with a maximum of up to $1 million with the Patriot Lite plan, with deductibles ranging from $0 to $2,500. Coverages with the Patriot Lite plan include the following:

Learn more : IMG Travel Insurance Review

IMG’s Patriot America Plus plan also made our list for providing short-term insurance for business and leisurely travelers. We named it our pick for continuous coverage, as it provides up to 24 months of renewable, consecutive coverage. Other benefits include access to multilingual customer service representatives and a maximum limit of up to $1 million. Unlike IMG’s Patriot Lite plan, Patriot America Plus covers COVID-19 treatments.

As with IMG’s Patriot Lite plan, coverage with a maximum of up to $1 million is available, with your choice of deductible from $0 to $2,500. Coverages with the Patriot America Plus plan include the following:

Trawick International

We named Trawick’s Safe Travels USA Comprehensive plan our pick for wellness coverage, as it affords policyholders a general wellness visit with a U.S. doctor during their travels for up to $125. As is standard across most plans in our review, Trawick’s Safe Travels plan offers up to $1 million in medical expense coverage. It also offers up to $2 million in emergency medical evacuation coverage and eight deductible options up to $5,000.</p

The Safe Travels USA Comprehensive plan covers up to $1 million in medical benefits after you pay your deductible. Benefits provided with each plan include:

Optional sports activity coverage (excludes extreme sports)

Read more : Trawick International Travel Insurance Review

Compare Travel Medical Insurance Plans for U.S. Tourists

See the table below for a direct comparison of costs, deductibles and more between travel medical insurance plans for U.S. visitors.

We based plan costs on quotes we obtained for a 30-year-old Australian citizen traveling to the U.S. for 30 days. Each plan includes a medical maximum of $500,000 with a $250 deductible. Note that your actual cost will depend on factors such as your age, number of travelers, chosen deductible and more.

Types of Health Insurance for U.S. Visitors

Travelers have options when it comes to health insurance for U.S. visitors. For one, you could choose an international travel medical insurance plan, which provides coverage for emergency medical expenses or evacuation abroad. A U.S. short-term health insurance plan is also an option. Some health insurance companies, such as UnitedHealthcare, work with providers to allow policyholders to use the company’s preferred provider organization (PPO) network.

If you’re wondering whether your domestic health insurance policy will cover you in the U.S., we encourage you to contact your insurance provider for more details. You may need to purchase valid coverage specifically for your U.S. trip if you’re concerned about or foresee needing medical care abroad.

Fixed Medical Insurance

Fixed medical insurance or fixed indemnity insurance pays a predetermined amount of money for specific medical procedures and services. This type of medical insurance plan is limited — no matter what your total bill amounts to, it will not cover more than the agreed-upon amount. Fixed medical insurance plans are usually cheaper than comprehensive policies, which we cover in the next section.

Comprehensive Medical Insurance

Comprehensive medical insurance covers doctor’s visits, hospital care, prescription drugs and more without setting limits on certain services. Note that these plans typically have coverage maximums, deductibles and copays, so you will have to pay a certain amount before your policy covers any medical expenses.

Comprehensive coverage does not have benefit limits based on the type of medical service like fixed medical does, but it will cost you more overall. However, because health care in the U.S. is expensive, you may find comprehensive plans more beneficial in the long run despite being pricier than a fixed plan.

Short-Term vs. Long-Term Health Insurance

Short-term and long-term health insurance plans provide coverage that lasts for a specific period. You can consider travel medical insurance plans short-term policies for U.S. visitors, as they can cover medical expenses incurred during a period lasting less than a year.

If you plan on staying in the U.S. for longer than a year, you may be eligible to purchase a health insurance plan through a domestic provider, depending on your visa. For example, if you have a J-1 or F-1 visa, you may be eligible for a university-sponsored or private health insurance plan. We encourage you to check with the U.S. Department of State when you receive your visa for more on what long-term health insurance options are available to you.

What Does Travel Insurance in the U.S. Cover?

Travel insurance in the U.S. provides a variety of coverages for unexpected events that can affect your travel plans both before and during your trip. Specifics will vary depending on your choice of policy but will likely include some or all of the following coverages:

Created with Sketch Beta. Trip cancellation: If you must cancel your trip for a covered reason, travel insurance can help you recover non-refundable costs such as hotel reservations, airline tickets and more.

Created with Sketch Beta. Trip interruption: If you need to cut your vacation short for a covered reason, travel insurance plans can compensate you for expenses you didn’t use during your trip.

Created with Sketch Beta. Trip and baggage delays: A travel insurance policy can help cover costs you incur if your trip or baggage gets delayed for a covered reason. Most coverage also includes lost or stolen baggage.

Created with Sketch Beta. Emergency medical: Emergency medical coverage can reimburse the cost of necessary treatments if you experience a medical emergency abroad up to a maximum amount.

Created with Sketch Beta. Emergency evacuation and transport: If you need transportation to a medical facility in the U.S. during a medical emergency, this coverage will provide an expense limit for the services. This benefit can also cover emergency evacuations if a natural disaster or political conflict occurs and affects your travels.

How Much Does Travel Health Insurance for U.S. Visitors Cost?

Our research found that the cost of travel insurance for U.S. visitors can range from $96 to $115 . This range is based on quotes gathered for a 30-year-old Australian citizen traveling to the U.S. for 30 days. Each plan we obtained a quote for included a medical maximum of $500,000 with a $250 deductible.

For cost data specific to your travel needs, we encourage you to gather quotes from the providers in this review. The quotes you receive will depend on factors such as your age, plan limits, chosen deductible, number of travelers and more.

How To Use Visitor Health Insurance

If you’ve purchased a visitor medical insurance plan for your stay in the U.S., it’s important you understand how to use it. Healthcare facilities in the U.S., such as doctor’s offices, urgent care locations and emergency rooms, often require you to bring an insurance card with you. This card includes essential information associated with your policy that helps the facility file a claim with your insurance provider. If you have one through your visitor health insurance plan, it is best to have it on hand when receiving medical treatment.

Your health insurance plan may require pre-approval before you receive treatment in non-emergent cases. Your insurance company may request to verify a procedure or medicine is necessary before agreeing to cover it. Be sure to check your policy to find out what the restrictions are.

Many visitor health insurance plans also cover prescription medications. If you’ve been prescribed medicine through a U.S. doctor during a medical visit, a pharmacy may choose to verify your prescription before filling it. This means the pharmacy will contact your healthcare provider with any questions about the prescription being correct. Verification could delay when you receive your medication, but it likely won’t take longer than three to 10 business days.

Finding Doctors and Hospitals as a Visitor

Most insurers provide online tools that help you find in-network healthcare providers and facilities covered by your insurance policy. Note that you may pay more if you choose to receive care through a doctor or facility that is not considered in-network. Out-of-network providers do not contract with your health insurance plan to provide agreed-upon rates. Unless you have a plan that lets you pick any provider you’d like, you will need to find a provider or facility working with your insurance.

If you want to verify the benefits offered by your insurance plan, contact your insurance provider directly or consult any documentation provided at the time of purchase. Healthcare providers may also take steps to verify your coverage, as it ensures the facility receives payment and lessens the chance of a denied insurance claim.

The cost of medical treatment depends entirely on the type of insurance plan you have. If you’ve purchased a travel medical insurance plan, your provider will cover emergency medical expenses up to a maximum amount. Once you’ve hit that limit, you will have to pay the rest of your bill. If you have a plan with a deductible or co-pay, you must pay that amount before your insurer will cover your expenses.

Paying Medical Bills Without Insurance

If you opt out of medical coverage when visiting the U.S. and end up needing medical care, you will have to cover the entire bill out of pocket. However, you have several options regarding payment. You can contact the debt collector in charge of your bill and work to negotiate the cost of your bill down . You can also set up a payment plan that works with your income and what you can afford.

While these payment options can be helpful, they do not negate the high U.S. healthcare costs, and can still leave you with a substantial bill after a medical crisis.

According to a study by the Peterson-KFF Health System Tracker , health expenditures per person in the U.S. in 2022 were over $4,000 more than any other high-income nation. For this reason, we recommend some form of medical coverage to help cover potential emergency expenses when visiting the U.S.

Filing a Claim with Visitor Health Insurance

Filing a claim through a visitor insurance plan or travel medical insurance policy will vary based on your provider. Note that providing proper documentation will help the claims process go smoothly, so it is important to keep track of hospital invoices and other billing forms.

If you have a domestic health insurance policy, the healthcare facility that provided your treatment will file your claim. You’ll receive a bill once your insurance provider processes the claim. On the other hand, travel medical insurance may require you to submit documents proving your claims for emergency medical treatment. Once your claim has been approved, your travel insurance company will reimburse your medical bills.

Where Can You Buy Visitors Insurance?

You can buy visitors’ insurance directly from travel insurance companies, international health insurance companies, university-approved providers and domestic providers, depending on the type of visa required during your stay. If you’re on a tourist visa, you can purchase travel medical insurance covering emergency medical services and transport, if needed, to a healthcare facility. Most travel insurance providers also offer travel healthcare plans that can last up to a year if you are planning multiple trips.

If you’re on a J-1 or F-1 visa and enrolling in a schooling program, contact your university to see if you’re eligible for a sponsored or private health insurance plan. If you need clarification on the available coverage or plan to stay in the U.S. for longer than a year, contact the U.S. Department of State for more information.

Do U.S. Visitors Need Health Care Coverage?

Healthcare in the U.S. is expensive. While medical insurance isn’t required for some visitors — such as tourists on a B-2 visa — it’s still worth considering if you’re concerned about an unexpected medical emergency abroad. We encourage you to extensively research your visa type and the coverage available to you before settling on a plan. Understanding the benefits and exclusions of a healthcare coverage plan will ensure there are no surprises if you need medical care during your U.S. trip.

Frequently Asked Questions About Visitor Health Insurance

How much is visitor health insurance in the u.s..

Visitor health insurance costs in the U.S. depend on factors unique to your travel needs. After gathering quotes from the providers in our review, we found that visitor health insurance can range from $89 to $115 . This range is based on a 30-year-old Australian citizen traveling to the U.S. for 30 days, opting for a plan with a medical maximum of $500,000 and a $250 deductible. Your actual costs will vary.

How much does travel insurance cost for trips to the U.S

Our research team found the average cost of travel insurance ranges from $35 to $400, with the average being $221 for a standard policy. Your costs will vary depending on your chosen plan, provider, length of travels, number of travelers and more.

Can foreign visitors get insurance while in the U.S.?

Yes, foreigners can get insurance while in the U.S. Various insurance options are available to travelers depending on their length of stay and visa type. It’s best to research what’s available to you based on your visa requirements before purchasing a plan.

Is it hard to get travel insurance for U.S.-based trips?

No, it’s not hard to get travel insurance for travel to the U.S. Providers such as Seven Corners, WorldTrips, IMG, Trawick and more provide plans for non-U.S. citizens seeking trip and medical coverage while abroad.

Methodology: Our System for Rating Travel Insurance Companies

A 30-year-old couple taking a $5,000 vacation to Mexico.
A family of four taking an $8,000 vacation to Mexico.
A 65-year-old couple taking a $7,000 vacation to the United Kingdom.
A 30-year-old couple taking a $7,000 trip to the United Kingdom.
A 19-year-old taking a $2,000 trip to France.
A 27-year-old couple taking a $1,200 trip to Greece.
A 51-year-old couple taking a $2,000 trip to Spain.
Plan availability (10%): We look for insurers with a variety of travel insurance plans and the ability to customize a policy with coverage upgrades.
Coverage details (29%): We review the baseline coverage each company offers in its cheapest comprehensive plan. A provider with robust coverage earns full points, including baggage delay and loss, COVID-19 coverage, emergency evacuation and medical coverage, trip delay and cancellation coverage, and more. Companies also receive points for offering a variety of policy add-ons like accidental death and dismemberment, extreme sports, valuable items, cancel for any reason coverage and more.
Coverage times and amounts (34%): We compare each company’s waiting periods and maximum reimbursement amounts for baggage, travel and weather delays. Companies that offer customers reimbursement after fewer than 12 hours of delays earn full points in this category. We also reward travel insurance providers that cover more than 100% of trip costs in the event of cancellations or interruptions.
Company service and reviews (17%): We look for indicators that a company is well-prepared to respond to customer needs. Companies with an established global resource network, 24/7 emergency hotline, mobile app, multiple ways to file a claim and concierge services score higher in this category. We assess reputation by evaluating consumer reviews, third-party financial strength and customer experience ratings, specifically from AM Best and the Better Business Bureau (BBB).

For more information, read our full travel insurance methodology.

A.M. Best Disclaimer

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If you have feedback or questions about this article, please email the MarketWatch Guides team at editors@marketwatchguides. com .

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What is travel insurance?
Average cost
When to buy travel insurance
Average cost by age
What does travel insurance cover?

Travel Insurance Cost: Average Travel Insurance Prices in 2024

Affiliate links for the products on this page are from partners that compensate us (see our advertiser disclosure with our list of partners for more details). However, our opinions are our own. See how we rate travel insurance products to write unbiased product reviews.

The average travel insurance premium this week is $297.42, down about 0.38% compared to last week.
For travel in the United States, the average premium is $175 to $350.
Travel insurance protects against delayed baggage, trip cancellation, and more.

The average cost of travel insurance fluctuates throughout the year, based on demand and whether or not school's in session. Also keep in mind that where you're traveling and how many people are taking the trip will affect your exact premium.

Understanding Travel Insurance

Travel insurance plans can cover both domestic and international travel. It could protect against something as familiar as delayed baggage (experts estimate 85% of lost luggage is returned to its owner within 48 hours) or as complicated as trip cancellation.

The benefits and limitations of travel insurance vary based on the company and plan. Above all else, this insurance coverage offers peace of mind.

Some credit cards offer a limited amount of travel insurance annually. If you need clarification on what your credit card offers, contact your provider to verify. These plans are great for cancellations and interruptions but may not cover more costly losses associated with unexpected medical expenses or emergency evacuations.

Individual travel insurance plans include this and much more. Travel insurance protects travelers from the unexpected when away from home.

Average Cost of Travel Insurance by Destination

Some countries are naturally more expensive travel destinations due to higher flight and lodging costs, which could increase travel insurance costs. Travel insurance will generally cost 5% to 10% of your total trip price, according to SquareMouth travel insurance .

Here's how the prices stack up:

Source: SquareMouth

How Far in Advance to Purchase Travel Insurance

According to an AAA travel survey , 88% of travelers say that reimbursement after a trip cancellation is the most valuable benefit of trip insurance.

According to data gathered by SquareMouth in the last six months, travelers tend to purchase trip cancellation travel insurance 53 days before their trip. Meanwhile, travelers without trip cancellation insurance will buy a policy approximately 16 days before their trip. Regardless of when you buy, cancellation protection can kick in to protect you against the unexpected.

Average Cost of Travel Insurance by Age

A traveler's age is a significant factor in determining the cost of travel insurance. The older a traveler is, the higher travel insurance premiums are. For instance, a senior traveler may need more insurance for health-related emergencies than a millennial.

When calculating your travel insurance premium, travel insurance providers consider the likelihood of a medical emergency.

Get your free travel insurance quote with SquareMouth »

Travel Insurance Rate Tips

Travel insurance rates through most providers fall between 4% and 8% of the total trip cost. Like the cost of flights, cruises, etc., rates may vary substantially based on the season, your original location, your destination, and other factors. This week, the average cost of a policy was close to $300.

To save money on travel insurance, tailor your policy to your specific needs and avoid unnecessary extras. You should also shop around to compare quotes from multiple insurers. Opting for an annual plan if you're a frequent traveler, checking existing coverages from other insurance policies or credit card benefits, and choosing a policy with a higher deductible can significantly lower your premiums. Always read the fine print to understand your coverage fully, ensuring you don't pay for redundant or irrelevant features.

To find affordable travel insurance, consider using online comparison websites like SquareMouth or InsureMyTrip to see rates from various providers. Other ways to save include purchasing directly from insurance companies, exploring package deals from travel agencies or airlines, utilizing included coverage from credit card benefits, and checking for discounts through membership organizations such as AAA or AARP.

Editorial Note: Any opinions, analyses, reviews, or recommendations expressed in this article are the author’s alone, and have not been reviewed, approved, or otherwise endorsed by any card issuer. Read our editorial standards .

Please note: While the offers mentioned above are accurate at the time of publication, they're subject to change at any time and may have changed, or may no longer be available.

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Well-baby and well-child visits

Experts say travel insurance is crucial: Here's how it actually works

Whether illness or weather derails plans, policies can cover a range of issues.

Whether you're a frequent traveler or setting plans for an upcoming vacation, unexpected circumstances such as bad weather can cast a cloud over a trip, which is why experts suggest investing in travel insurance.

Recently, Hurricane Beryl marked an "early and violent start" to the typical storm season. NOAA Administrator Rick Spinrad confirmed in a mid-season update earlier this month that Beryl was "the earliest category-5 Atlantic hurricane on record" -- and peak storm season is right around the corner.

With increased risk of disruptions during hurricane season through November and more people opting for shoulder season getaways after avoiding summer crowds , travelers should prepare for such worse-case scenarios to avoid losing money on hotels, activities and other bookings.

Everything you need to know about travel insurance

With an array of options in the market and various individual reasons to invest in a plan that protects your purchases, "Good Morning America" tapped top industry experts to provide insights to help ensure that even if your next getaway gets rained out, your bank account won't be drained as well.

"Things can go wrong in ways that you can't begin to imagine. And if you're unlucky and unfortunate enough to be in that position, you don't want to come back from your trip with a debt to pay off as well," Daniel Green, trip insurance expert and co-founder of Faye Travel Insurance, told "GMA."

Understand the basics before you buy bespoke coverage

Katy Nastro, spokesperson for Going.com, formerly known as Scott's Cheap Flights, told "GMA" that first and foremost, folks need to "understand all the ways in which you are already protected before dishing out for things you don't need."

"When it comes to flight insurance, under federal law, you are already protected to get a full refund or rebooked on a significantly delayed flight or cancellation, regardless of the reason," she said. "With new regulations that airlines must comply with by the end of October, seeing your refund back to your payment method will get a lot faster and more seamless."

Nastro said "many travel credit cards already have built-in trip insurance that can protect you when the unexpected happens," citing perks from the Chase Sapphire Reserve card that provide "reimbursements up to $10,000 per person for pre-paid, non-refundable travel expenses when an interruption happens."

You should always buy insurance for one simple reason -- when you start thinking -- 'I hope we have insurance,' it's one minute too late

"These cards often pay sooner than the airlines do for expenses due to misplaced bags," she added.

Nastro also suggested to check on coverage across state lines with any existing medical or car insurance policies, which could help cut down on costs.

"Specifically, when it comes to medical insurance, medical care around the world is generally a fraction of the cost compared to what it is in the U.S. So, while it could be good to have if you need stitches in Vietnam, it probably won't break the bank," she said.

Because travel insurance is subjective, Nastro said "it's worth considering when you exhaust your existing coverages to see where you might have some gaps."

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"A great example is when you have a trip with multiple components that aren't purchased together, like a flight and cruise," Nastro told "GMA." "The cruise won't wait when your flight has been rebooked for the next day, so in this scenario, it might be worth looking at insurance on the cruise portion. You can typically add insurance after the fact, but reading the fine print is critical."

"Trip or travel insurance tends to be cheaper to buy, but is restricted to what is actually covered and often has red tape in terms of getting that reimbursement. For example, if you have an illness and need to cancel your trip, policies might require a doctor's note," she continued.

She added, "Travel insurance with 'cancel for any reason' policies tends to be more expensive to purchase, but more inclusive in terms of what is considered a 'covered' reason. The biggest caveat is that they offer a partial refund -- 50% to 75% of nonrefundable expenses."

When it comes to weather, she reiterated that reading the fine print is critical, because "the coverage typically offered is for extreme weather and scenarios where the operator cannot operate for 24 hours or more, so a typical summer thunderstorm won't make the cut."

Green added that, generally, if a customer buys travel insurance from an airline provider, since the carrier "doesn't know all the details of your trip" beyond the price and date of the flight, "if you're renting a car and traveling around -- or staying in a $4,000 hotel, you might only have $1,000 worth of insurance because at the checkout screen of American or United or Delta, they just didn't know about those costs."

"That's why I think it makes a lot more sense to buy insurance directly from either a website portal or an agent that can show you the main limits, so you know all the things you spent are covered as part of the policy," he said.

As Nastro pointed out, payment for claims can become a sticky situation, which is why Green helped craft an more seamless way to alleviate issues by providing the reassurance of immediate reimbursement: "If you have Apple Pay or Google Pay, you can access that money instantly after the claim is settled," he told "GMA."

What is shoulder season? Experts tips to save on airfare, hotels in opposite seasons

Green co-founded Faye just before the COVID-19 pandemic sent the travel industry into a tailspin, but said now, "the concern on the American mind more than anything is who's gonna pay for this? Especially in these days of inflation, if you're paying significant amounts of money for travel, and something goes wrong, you'd like to at least be made whole."

3 categories to consider for travel insurance coverage

Green explained that travel insurance can generally be broken into three categories: your investment in the trip, your belongings such as luggage and passports, and your health.

For anyone booking travel on their own, without a travel agent or adviser, Green highlighted the difference between buying travel insurance directly versus clicking "yes" on an app or checkout screen.

"You're not always being offered insurance that's in your best interest if you're just hoping that whatever your credit card comes with, or whatever your airline gives you at the end of the checkout is going to provide everything you need," he said.

He noted that one important tip for any type of travel coverage purchase is "the earlier you tell your insurance company that something has gone wrong, the more likely it is that they can help you while you're on your trip -- and helping sometimes means paying for expenses so that you don't have to be out of pocket and get reimbursement."

Weather-specific products for travel inconveniences

Products like Sensible Weather offer more specific elements to cover scenarios such as rain during a beach vacation or lack of snow for a ski trip, which may derail plans.

"The idea of travel inconvenience payments, it just takes the sting out of things," Green said. "In those scenarios, you just get a fixed, agreed amount of money -- sort of no questions asked -- You just have to prove that you actually experienced the loss in question, and then you get the full amount."

"You should always buy insurance for one simple reason -- because usually at the point when you start thinking to yourself, 'Wow, I hope we have insurance,' it's one minute too late," Green said. "Hurricane season is the perfect example of that. Once a hurricane is named, you generally can't make any claims related to the hurricane if you didn't already buy a policy."

"What we're learning about the current hurricane season is the weather is becoming unpredictable all the time," Green said. "We've heard about days where the weather was so hot in Phoenix that airplanes couldn't take off from the tarmac, hurricanes coming sooner than expected, or power failures causing an airport to not be able to operate -- and because those things are so unpredictable, playing the game of wait and see before buying your insurance rarely make sense versus justbuying it around the time you buy your trip and not having to worry about that aspect again."

How much plans cost and limitations

"There is no one size fits all when it comes to travel insurance," Green noted.

However, he said "there are rules of thumb" that industry experts often follow: "You should be willing to spend up to 10% of the cost of your trip on your insurance."

"The two biggest factors that usually affect the cost of your insurance is your age at the time of purchase, not at the time of travel, and the value of your trip," he said, adding that "every company is different."

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Make the Most of Your Child’s Visit to the Doctor (Ages 1 to 4 Years)

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Well-Child Visits

Child Development

Ages 12 to 18 Months

By age 15 months, most kids:

By age 18 months, most kids:

Ages 24 to 30 Months

By age 30 months, most kids:

Ages 3 to 4 Years

By age 4 years, most kids:

Gather important information.

Ask other caregivers about your child.

What about cost?

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Ensure your child is healthy at every age

Well-child visits are essential during the first 30 months of life

30 months old

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Routine Annual Physical Incentive Program

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