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Calculate your flight emissions!

Use the myclimate flight calculator to calculate the carbon footprint of your flight in order to make an equivalent climate protection contribution. In doing so, you are supporting high-quality myclimate climate protection projects worldwide that meet the highest standards (Gold Standard, Plan Vivo and VCS (including CBB and/or SD-VISta)). The projects reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, thus directly protecting the climate. However, climate protection projects not only reduce climate-impacting emissions, they also contribute to sustainable development in the project region. This means that it is not only the climate that benefits; the local population does as well.

The myclimate flight calculator determines the quantity of CO 2 emissions that an aeroplane gives off per passenger for a given flight distance. Nitrogen compounds and aerosols are also included and converted into CO 2 . The calculation is based on average consumption data for typical short-haul and long-haul aeroplanes. The calculation also takes into account whether you are flying Economy, Premium Economy, Business or First class. Starting in November 2023, you will have the option of selecting the aircraft types that you flew with. Calculation principles of the myclimate flight calculator

We accept all customary payment methods (invoice, credit card, PayPal and TWINT).

ICAO Carbon Emissions Calculator (ICEC)   //

ICAO has developed a methodology to calculate the carbon dioxide emissions from air travel for use in offset programmes. The methodology applies the best publicly available industry data to account for various factors such as aircraft types, route-specific data, passenger load factors and cargo carried.

The ICAO Carbon Emissions Calculator allows passengers to estimate the emissions attributed to their air travel. It is simple to use and requires only a limited amount of information from the user. ICEC is the only internationally approved tool to estimate carbon emissions from air travel.

Please  contact us  or refer  FAQ  or see the accompanying methodology to the ICAO Carbon Emissions Calculator  for additional information.

Calculate Your Travel Carbon Footprint

Use our carbon footprint calculator to calculate your travel emissions and purchase carbon offsets.

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Your Carbon Footprint

Offset by amount, flight footprint, car footprint, boat footprint, what will my carbon offsets support.

We stretch the impact of your carbon offset purchase by distributing each dollar across our  Climate Impact Portfolio.  This includes a mix of forestry, energy, blue/teal carbon, and innovative tech projects. We carefully select every carbon offset project we include in our portfolio, ensuring they comply not only with the most rigorous standards for carbon offsetting but pass our own due diligence test. In addition to fighting climate change, we seek out projects that deliver social and environmental benefits beyond CO2 reductions and contribute to the UN Sustainable Development Goals.

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These projects protect and restore forest ecosystems which play a vital role in carbon sequestration. 

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These projects promote clean and efficient energy use to decrease carbon emissions from fossil fuels. 

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These projects conserve coastal and freshwater ecosystems that store massive amounts of carbon. 

Innovative Climate Tech

These projects offer novel solutions to the climate crisis, like using soil to remove CO2 from the air.

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How to reduce the carbon footprint of travel

Read our tips and learn how to be a climate-friendly traveler.

Become a carbon neutral business

We help companies calculate, reduce, and offset their carbon footprint.

What are carbon offsets and how do they work

Learn more about carbon offsets and how they fight climate change.

Frequently Asked Questions

Have questions about carbon offsetting? Visit our FAQ page to learn more about how we calculate your footprint and what your offset purchase will support.

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Flight Carbon Calculator

Carbon offsets directly support community-driven activities that protect and restore critical forests around the world. These forests:

Absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere

Conserve wildlife

Sustain livelihoods for millions of people in Kenya

Help indigenous Kenyan communities build resilience to climate change

By calculating the climate impact of your flight, you can retire verified carbon credits and directly support community-driven activities that protect and restore critical forests around the world.

Here is the footprint of your flight and how you can neutralize your impact on the climate.

tons of carbon dioxide

in carbon offsets

Offset Your Flight Our $1 minimum donation allows you to go carbon negative on your flight.

Calculate different itinerary

Learn more about carbon credits

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Your Results

What are Carbon Credits?

Carbon credits empower local communities to protect forests.

A carbon offset – or carbon credit – is a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions to compensate for emissions made somewhere else. Credits are traceable, tradable and finite: When they are purchased by airline passengers, they are retired forever. This revenue funds activities that protect or restore forests, often supporting local communities with alternative livelihood opportunities that keep trees standing, and it helps fund programs to do so in perpetuity.

Nature can provide at least 30 percent of the mitigation action needed to limit global warming . Currently, the world’s forests store more carbon than is in the entire atmosphere.

Where Will My Donation Go?

Your donation will be used to retire verified carbon offsets by conserving forests around the world.

Protects Forests

The purchase of certified carbon offsets helps protect forests around the world vital to local communities as well as to climate change mitigation. Funds will support the recruitment and training of local rangers, construction of new ranger stations, new communication and monitoring equipment, programs to convert illegal loggers to eco-entrepreneurs, and improving roads for rangers and tourists.

Empowers communities

The goal of validated and verified carbon programs is to improve the well-being of resident communities by enabling the sustainable use of nature and by maintaining healthy ecosystems. Funds from carbon credits are used to improve health care facilities and schools, start local environmental education programs, and support local income-generating activities that promote conservation, such as ecotourism, tree nurseries, beekeeping and sustainable crafts.

Protects critical wildlife

The purchase of certified carbon credits helps protect forests that are home to globally significant biodiversity — including many plants and animals found nowhere else on Earth. Funds help to implement endangered species management strategies, pay for additional camera traps for wildlife monitoring, and install fences where necessary to reduce human-wildlife conflict.

Carbon Credits in Action

Funding from carbon credits protects forests and benefits local communities.

Alto Mayo, Peru

© Adrián Portugal

In Alto Mayo, carbon credits provide essential funding for forest management, including technical assistance and advice on the ground to transform illegal loggers into organic coffee farmers and eco-entrepreneurs. Communities also receive fuel-efficient cookstoves, access to improved social services, and direct technical assistance aimed at improving ecological health and crop yields.

Chyulu Hills, Kenya

Funds from carbon credits support enhanced protection of the Chyulu Hills, including the recruiting and training of local rangers and the construction of new ranger stations. Funds also go toward bolstering communication and monitoring equipment and improving roads. Funds also improve health care facilities, build and renovate schools and support local income-generating activities that promote conservation like ecotourism and tree nurseries.

How Do We Calculate the Footprint of Your Flight?

Carbon dioxide emissions per passenger are calculated by estimating the distance between your origin and destination using the haversine formula to adjust for the Earth’s curvature. Note that this may be slightly different from the distance between those city’s airports. The emissions impact of the flight is then calculated by multiplying the estimated distance (in miles) and the appropriate generalized emissions factors (in kilograms CO 2 e/passenger-mile). The emissions factor includes impacts of CO 2 , CH 4 and N 2 O emissions and is selected based on the flight distance — short, medium or long haul — per EPA methodology. CO 2 -equivalent (CO 2 e) is the standard unit for measuring greenhouse gas emissions as it allows normalized comparison of greenhouse gases with different global warming potentials. The resulting estimated flight emissions footprint is then converted from kg CO 2 e to metric tonnes CO 2 e by dividing by 1,000. While this method is a very common and reasonably accurate way to estimate flight footprint, a more accurate method is to use fuel burn, passenger load factor and passenger-to-freight ratio in accordance with ICAO methodology. However, these data vary by carrier and route and are not publicly available and thus they could not be incorporated in the calculation at this time.

Invest in Nature

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Our carbon projects meet the most rigorous standards for impact, efficiency and equity. We work in partnership with local communities and governments to maximize revenues to the people who live nearest, and who directly depend on, forests.

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What's your carbon footprint?

Facts about forest conservation, about conservation international.

Flight Carbon Footprint Calculator

Flight co₂ emission formula, flight carbon footprint.

The flight emissions calculator computes the amount of the CO₂ emitted into the atmosphere during a flight . The calculations are based on the flight duration and apply both to domestic and inter-continental flights.

The International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimated the maximal annual amount of CO₂ that, on average, each of us can contribute and yet keep global warming under reasonable control. The calculator compares the amount of CO₂ emitted during a flight to that estimate, the flight's carbon footprint.

Flying takes a lot of energy. A medium-sized airplane like Airbus A320, on its regular passenger route, burns around 300 liters of fuel per 100 km . Once divided by the number of passengers, it's 150 if the load is full, the fuel consumption goes down to a small value of 2 liters per 100 km per passenger. That's like a car; you can check it with our miles per gallon calculator .

However, the distances covered by flying are much, much longer. One trip from the U.S. to Europe and back (say Orlando to Milan) is almost 8000 kilometers. Include the journey back, and you covered a distance that would take a few months of daily home-work travel to cover.

As much as the planes are efficient, the distances traveled are large, so the emissions of CO₂ are large as well. It's estimated that from 1 kg of fuel, there is more than 3 kg CO₂ emitted. To compute the emissions, we take into account the following factors:

Amount of CO₂ emitted per one hour of flight per one passenger. We assume, based on the analysis of carbonindependent.org , that it is equal to 90 kg/hour per passenger.

Seat occupancy: the previous value assumes that the airplane is full. This is rarely the case. Worldwide, on average, the seat occupancy on a regular passenger flight is around 80% . That's the value we take. You can modify it in the advanced mode of the flight emissions calculator.

Duration of a flight: having emissions per hour, we need the duration of the trip to compute the emission along the whole journey.

Radiative forcing factor: finally, the emission takes place high in the atmosphere, and that's precisely where we don't want the CO₂ to be because of its greenhouse effect. To account for that, we include a radiative forcing factor. We take its value to be 2 , based again on the analysis from carbonindependent.org .

The final formula is:

Emitted CO2 = Duration_of_flight × Emission_per_hour_per_passenger × Radiative_forcing / Seat_occupancy

If you fly there and back, you have to double the emission. We can do it for you. Just change the Flight option from One-way to Return .

Choose your holiday destination, and you generate many tonnes of CO₂. What does it mean? To put this number into context, let's get back to the beginning.

Why do we care about CO₂ emissions? Because of global warming. CO₂ is a greenhouse gas meaning that once it is high in the atmosphere, it works like a ceiling of the greenhouse: it lets the heat in but does not let it out.

The IPCC estimated that to keep global warming under some control, the increase of the average temperature by 2 degrees in the year 2050, emissions per every person on the earth must stay below 2500 kg of CO₂ annually.

Our daily choices impact the environment and us: our Kaya identity calculator can help you quantify that impact. If you wonder whether to travel by car or bike, the car vs. bike calculator might help you make up your mind. More of a flying fan? With our flight radiation calculator , you can check how much radiation the sky traveling gives you.

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First a departure city must be chosen.

Departure city pre-selected. To change, use "Clear centre" button.

Sorry, cannot find your location. You must select departure city.

Finding your location...

The site offers a quick and intuitive way to calculate greenhouse gas emissions caused by air travel: flight endpoints are selected on a world map and emissions displayed. Our emission data are based on recent research (updated for 2024) and include also non-CO 2 effects, such as those caused by contrails and associated cirrus clouds.

The site is developed and maintained by Björn von Sydow in collaboration with Jörgen Larsson and Anneli Kamb at Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden . Erik Nylund contributed with a CSS file improving the visual appearence significantly. The site is intended as an educational tool; we have no relation to the airline industry or to organizations selling carbon offsets.

You can contact us at [email protected] .

The site shows a world map centered at a place selected by the user and serving as the place of departure for selected flights. To select a flight destination in Direct mode (the default):

• On a computer with mouse/trackpad, hover over the city and click when the name is visible.
• On a touch screen, first tap to see the city name, then tap again to confirm.

Destinations are selected and emissions for selected flights are displayed. The emissions are for return flights (i.e. two-way flights, to the destination and back). Select several times for multiple flights to the same destination.

All selected flights disappear when a new centre is chosen.

You have probably already noted that domestic or regional flights typically cause less than 1000 kg of CO 2 e emissions, while intercontinental flights range from 2000 kg up to 5000 kg.

There is good reason to be very concerned about these emissions:

CO 2 e emissions are causing climate change.

Combatting climate change is certainly among the biggest challenges facing humanity. Preventing disastrous effects caused by global temperature increase will require major efforts and will affect us all.

• To limit the temperature increase to 1.5ºC, the latest report from IPCC concludes that annual CO 2 emissions will need to start decreasing rapidly immediately and reach 3 tonnes per person globally by 2030, roughly halving emissions within a decade. For the rich world, which starts from much higher emissions, the rate of decrease must be even faster.
• Allowing for a 2ºC increase gives more leeway, but also this goal poses unprecedented challenges.

Emissions from flying and how to reduce these is one part of this puzzle, where individual attitudes can exert pressure on politicians to act and where individual behaviour affects the outcome.

Main takeaways from this site

• One annual intercontinental flight is unsustainable. It is impossible to reconcile such emissions with the drastic reductions in overall emissions that will be necessary. To go on holiday also by air will remain possible and important, but the current trend of rapidly increasing flight emissions must be reversed. In fact, 2000 kg of annual emissions from flying is far from being in line with the 2ºC target.
• When planning a holiday, always consider alternatives with shorter travel for a similar experience. The emissions from a flight are roughly proportional to its length. Flying three times as far results in three times as high climate impact, etc. The map can be used to find alternatives with less climate impact. Of course, such alternatives may involve replacing air travel with train, bus or car.

The FlightEmissionMap factor (FEM factor)

The FEM factor is time-dependent; emissions per passenger-km has since 1990 decreased with 1.9% per year [1,2] and it is assumed that this trend will continue. But, perhaps surprisingly, the factor does not depend on flight distance. To understand this, note that we are concerned here with CO 2 equivalent emissions, so the FEM factor has two contributions; direct CO 2 emissions, caused by burning fossil fuel, and non-CO 2 effects, caused by e.g. NOx emissions and contrails including associated cirrus formation [3]. Long distance flights have lower emissions of CO 2 per passenger-km than shorter flights since an aircraft emits less CO 2 per km while cruising than during take-off. On the other hand, a larger share of the long-distance flight takes place at altitudes high enough to cause significant non-CO 2 effects. These two effects go in opposite directions and the resulting CO 2 -equivalents per passenger km are on average similar regardless of distance.

Emissions also depend to a large extent on flight class. The FEM factor is based on economy class [4,5]. A business class seat takes up more space and thus stands for a larger part of the aircraft's emissions. As a rule of thumb, to get the emissions from a business class journey, the FEM factor should be multiplied by a factor of 2.2.

To determine the FEM factor we use three peer-reviewed scientific methods: for the average CO 2 emissions [1,2], for the non-CO 2 effect [3], and the emissions from production and distribution of fuel [6,7] (20% on top of the CO 2 emission). However, the emission numbers we show are not as precise as they may seem:

• emissions from a particular flight depend on many factors, such as type of aircraft, flight altitude, weather conditions, cabin factor, etc. We use average values for these.
• the non-CO 2 emissions include a range of effects, most of them short-term but potent. The scientific certainty for the total contribution of these emissions is low. Here the best current estimates are used [3], which suggest that one should add 70% on top of the CO 2 emissions to account for these effects.

In spite of this, our numbers do give a good estimate of the magnitude of the emissions from air travel, as indicated by a comparison with other flight emissions calculators available online [4]. There are differences, but most end up with emissions well in line with the figures used here.

• Larsson, J., Kamb, A., Nässén, J., Åkerman, J. (2018) Measuring greenhouse gas emissions from international air travel of a country’s residents methodological development and application for Sweden , Environmental Impact Assessment Review
• Kamb, A., Larsson J. (2019) Climate footprint from Swedish residents' air travel , Chalmers University of Technology (also available in Swedish: Klimatpåverkan från svenska befolkningens internationella flygresor 1990 – 2017)
• Lee, D et al (2020). The contribution of global aviation to anthropogenic climate forcing for 2000 to 2018 , Atmospheric Environment
• Larsson J, Kamb A. (2019) Travel and climate Methodology Report. Version 2.0
• Bofinger, H., & Strand, J. (2013). Calculating the carbon footprint from different classes of air travel , The World Bank.
• Moretti, C., Moro, A., Edwards, R., Rocco, M. V. & Colombo, E. (2017) Analysis of standard and innovative methods for allocating upstream and refinery GHG emissions to oil products , Applied Energy .
• Edwards, R., J.-F. Larivé, D. Rickeard and W. Weindorf (2014). Well–to–Tank Report Version 4. a. JRC Technical Reports. Luxembourg

The maps are built in Scalable Vector Graphics, which means that map images can be scaled arbitrarily without any decrease in quality in form of pixelation. Of course, the coastlines and country boundaries do not have infinite precision, but map images can be enlarged substantially, e.g. to poster size, with excellent results. The key to achieving the best possible quality is to avoid as long as possible converting the image to bitmap formats such as JPEG or PNG. Note also that the maps on touch devices have lower resolution.

The recommended way to proceed is as follows:

• Save the map as a PDF file, using the browser's Print functionality. Check in the preview that the image you want fits on a page and is not obscured by e.g. the info panel or +/- buttons. Don't worry if the whole world is visible and your intended image is small at this stage. PDF can accommodate vector graphics and the file can be scaled up later. Unfortunately, the placement of the map in the print file is not exactly as on screen, so this may take some iteration.
• Crop the PDF file to get the image you want. There are many tools that can do cropping, e.g. Adobe Acrobat and MacOS Preview. There are also free online services that offer cropping, but some of these are of dubious quality.
• In many cases the cropped PDF file is just what you want as final result. In others, you may need to convert to a bitmap format as a last step; make sure you get enough pixels for your purpose. Again there are many tools that can do this step.

For particular purposes, the map can be further customized by adding information to the URL ("the web address"). As an example, we might want to display a map with the following non-standard parameters:

• The centre is at Halmstad in southern Sweden, at latitude 56.67 degrees North and longitude 12.86 degrees East, which is not on the map.
• The emissions per person km are set to 150 g. (Note that we recommend not to change the default value unless you know better, but this is to show what is possible.)
• The map is clipped at a radius of 15000 km from the centre (so the whole earth is not visible, even when unzooming).

The URL to get this map is http://flightemissionmap.org/#Halmstad/56.67,12.86/150/15000 where we have added a fragment to the URL, starting with the character #. This extended URL can be used in bookmarks or links and will then generate a map with these particular parameters. Also change of centre done using the map will be added to the URL and thus reflected in bookmarks or links.

Spaces within a city name must be encoded with %20, as in Los%20Angeles. Non-ASCII characters must also be URL-encoded, as in G%C3%B6teborg (for Göteborg). There are many free online encoders that can do this for you.

Embedding the map in other sites.

The map can be embedded in an iframe on a HTML page. The same type of URL is used, extended with a hash fragment, which sets all parameters. As an example, the following HTML code will result in a map frame of 800x600 pixels, centered at London, using the default value for emissions and clipping the map at 12000 km.

As the reader has already guessed, the latitude of London is 51.50 and the longitude -0.13 degrees.

All the straight lines from the centre are in the same scale, i.e. a route which is twice as long on the map is also twice as long in reality, etc. This is further illustrated by the circles showing flight distances causing emissions of 1000, 2000,... kg.

It should be noted that lines that do not pass the centre do not have these nice properties. All lines shown, also in multi-leg flights, are along great circles, but they do not in general appear as straight lines. They are also not in scale and can be considerably elongated, in particular close to the edge of the map. The extreme case is the circle that forms the border of the map at radius 20000 km; all the points on this circle correspond to one point in the real world: the antipode of the centre, i.e. the exact opposite point on the globe.

You may recognize the initial map. This projection, with the North Pole in the centre, is what is used in the logotype of the United Nations.

Help clients & employees make climate-friendly travel choices

- Plane, car or train, what's the difference? Place an easy to use carbon emission calculator on your website or intranet and let customers and employees compare the climate impact of business trips, conferences and holidays.

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Compare travel & accommodation CO 2

Compare the carbon impact from from business trips, conferences and client travel. Easily include emissions from hotels and airport transfer.

Visualize relevant carbon emissions

Display the climate impact for travel modes and fuels relevant to your organization. Visualize comparisons using any of our customizable charts and other visualizations.

Transparent scientific emission data

Our climate data is based on fully transparent methodology developed by independent researchers at Chalmers University of Technology and KTH Royal Institute of Technology.

Trusted by Travel CO 2 Calculator

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Travel CO 2 Emission Calculator

Business travel & conferences, destinations & events, customizable calculator & results, travel co₂ calculator.

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Getting Started with Carbon Calculation for Travel

Create a free account.

Creating an account with Travel CO 2 is free and only takes a minute. Get started now and try out the travel carbon emission calculator!

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When you are logged in you will get access to the embed-code. Paste the code into the HTML-code of your website. Contact us if you need help!

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Travel CO 2 Visualizations

Display travel carbon emissions on your website or intranet in different styles with our customizable interactive widgets.

Trip details

Carbon labels for any kind of travel adventure

This is a labeling system that simplifies comparisons of travel and clearly shows the climate impact of all parts of the trip, both transport and accommodation. The label itself does not mean that the trip has low climate impact, it is a presentation of the emissions that arise.

Color scale for comparisons

The color scale is a comparison with the emissions of typical long-distance trips.

Emissions per kilometer

To facilitate comparisons, an average of the entire trip's emissions per person kilometer is shown.

Information about the label

The title of the trip, the company's name and the unique ID of the label are shown.

Emissions by mode of transport & type of accommodation

Click on the icons for more detailed information about the vehicle, fuel, route and accommodation.

The QR code is a link to more information about the trip and the label. Try clicking or scanning!

Want to know more? Contact us!

Do you have questions about our data or want to know more about how to use our services? Need a new or customized visualization or help integrating carbon emission data into your application? Want to use a different payment method?

Contact us for more information about our services, specialized visualizations, customizations and integrations.

The Travel CO 2 Blog

Latest news from The Travel CO 2 Blog.

Göteborg Book Fair 2022 - How big is the climate impact of going to the Göteborg Book Fair?

One of the themes of the 2022 Göteborg Book Fair is the Climate Crisis. But how big is the climate impact of going to the Göteborg Book Fair?

Flying to Gran Canaria has a big climate impact, where could you go instead?

Let's have a look at the numbers and compare a trip to Gran Canaria to some other amazing destinations in Europe.

How to display carbon emissions from travel on your website using the Travel CO₂ Visualization Widgets

You can display travel carbon emissions for any trip on your website with the Travel CO2 Visualization widgets. Here's how!

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Calculation principles - Flight Emissions Calculator

The flight emission calculator quantifies the direct and indirect CO2-equivalent emissions per passenger or for a group travelling together for a given flight distance (if required, with a stopover) between the origin and destination airports. The quantification is based on the latest international statistics and consists of a detailed selection of parameters and specifications on passenger load, cargo loads, cabin class and aircraft types including indirect emissions from aircraft operations.

TO THE FLIGHT CALCULATOR

The process for calculating flight emissions is described in detail below, step by step. The factors used are all based on information in literature and on current statistics. Wherever possible, emission calculations and assumptions are in line with the European standard DIN EN 16258. Due to constantly changing processes and efficiency improvements in the aviation industry, the data used for the flight emission calculator is reviewed and updated regularly. The amount of CO2 equivalents per passenger or per group of passengers can be directly invested in climate protection through the examples of myclimate climate protection projects listed, based on the corresponding level of environmental impact. 

1. Overview of calculation steps 

The following diagram illustrates the flight emission calculator’s different calculation steps.

2. Flight distance

The flight distance between two airports is based on the great circle distance, which is the shortest distance between two airports. For non-direct flights with a stopover, the stages are treated as individual flights. Since the type of aircraft and the passenger load factors depend on the flight distance, we differentiate between short-haul (<1500 km) and long-haul flights (>2500 km). Since there is no distinct limit for short-haul flights, we interpolate for flight distances in between 1500 and 2500 km to get a smooth transition. 

The actual flight distance between two airports is often considerably longer than the shortest distance between two airports. The extra mileage is mainly due to inefficiencies in air traffic control systems, due to storm systems or other weather events as well as holding patterns (waiting loops) before landing (Kettunen 2005). While no reliable global statistics exist on the extra mileage flown, regional estimates amount to 6–8 per cent over the US and 10 per cent over Europe (Kettunen 2005). However, such a relative approach usually leads to overestimations of the extra mileage on long-haul flights. For this reason, the approach suggested by the European standard DIN EN 16258 (2012) is adopted and an extra mileage/distance correction (DC) of 95 km is added for all flights. 

3. Specifying the aircraft type 

To meet the needs of the users of the online flight emission calculator – particularly enabling more specific selection of aircraft type via the categorisation of short-haul and long-haul aircraft –, the most common aircraft types have been added to the flight emission calculator’s 2023 update. 

This involved analysis of the largest airlines in Europe and worldwide (AirMundo 2023, Murphy 2023). The fleet size and classification of aircraft types were obtained from information on the airlines’ websites (Ryanair 2023, International Airlines Group Fleet 2023, Air France 2022, Easyjet Fleet 2023, Lufthansa Group Fleet 2023, Delta Airlines Fleet 2023, Southwest Airlines Fleet 2023, United Continental Fleet 2023). Only aircraft currently in service were included. Orders for new aircraft and regional aircraft types (Embraer/Bombardier) were discounted. 

According to (Mordor Intelligence Research & Advisory, Wikipedia 2023), all passenger aircraft in service worldwide are represented by the Airbus A320 family (25 %), the Boeing 737 family (25 %), the Airbus A330 family (4 %), the Boeing 777 family (4 %) and the Boeing 787 family (2.5 %). A total of over 60 per cent of flights worldwide are therefore operated by these five aircraft families.  

Based on the ten most common aircraft types for short- and long-haul flights analysed above, the flight emission calculator therefore offers a large share of European and global aircraft types for selection.  

4. Fuel consumption per aircraft kilometre 

The fuel consumption per distance is based on fuel burn rates from aircraft used on short-haul (1500 km) and long-haul (>2500 km) flights. Emissions of fuel burnt per aircraft kilometre are based on the EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook (EEA 2019). In addition, a constant fuel amount is added to each flight in order to account for the consumption of the aircraft during landing and take-off (LTO) as well as during the taxi phase (ground movement on airport) (EEA 2019). 

The consumption of the aircraft is based on a weighted average of fuel burn rates and consumption for landing/take-off cycles for the aircraft types used most. The weighting of the aircraft types is derived from the composition of the largest aircraft fleets in Europe and worldwide (see source research in section 3) and is based on data from the largest airlines.  

This approach forms the basis for calculating the weighted average fuel consumption for different flight distances. Fuel consumption is calculated for each aircraft type where the aircraft type is specified. A generalised function for the fuel consumption of any flight distance is approximated with a second-order polynomial fit for short-haul and long-haul flights.  

f(x) + LT0 = ax 2  + bx + c

with x = GCD + DC, where GCD is the great circle distance [km], DC the distance correction [km] for extra mileage and LTO the extra fuel used per landing and take-off cycle. The fuel consumption for distances between 1500 and 2500 km is linearly interpolated. 

5. CO 2 emissions and fuel pre-production

The online calculator accounts for the CO2 emissions through pre-production of jet fuel/kerosene (including transport and refinery processes) and fuel combustion. The emission factor for the combustion of jet fuel (kerosene) is 3.16 kg CO2e/kg kerosene (mobitool 2023) and the factor for pre-production used here is 0.538 kg CO2e/kg kerosene (mobitool 2023). 

6. Allocation of aircraft emissions to cargo load 

Passenger aircraft often transport considerable amounts of freight and mail, in particular in widebody aircraft on long-haul flights. It is therefore necessary to allocate some of the total aircraft emissions to the cargo load.  To remain in line with the European standard DIN EN 16258 (2012), cargo transported by air is allocated according to its weight (mass approach). Due to its higher payload (LH 2014) on international flights, emissions from air cargo are considerably higher. The share of emissions attributable to passengers is correspondingly lower. 

The cargo factor (CF) is defined as the ratio between cargo weight and payload. The cargo weight is calculated using the possible cargo volume in the hold of the aircraft and the average aircraft load of 167 kg/m³ (de Barra 2022). The average available load volumes, the cargo weight and the maximum payload are taken from the respective Wikipedia entries for the aircraft types (as at: 2023). 

7. CO 2 emissions per passenger 

The CO2 emissions per aircraft are distributed across the average number of passengers on short-haul and long-haul flights. The number of passengers is here defined as the number of seats per aircraft type (ICAODATA 2019) multiplied by the passenger load factor published by the International Air Transport Association (ICAO 2018). The numbers are calculated for each aircraft type and then weighted according to the weighting scheme described above.

8. Cabin class weighting scheme

The average seating capacity of aircraft is mainly based on the distribution of cabin classes. First and business cabin classes take up more space and thus do not allow for as many passengers as an aircraft with only economy class seats. This is why the emissions calculator allows you to select the cabin class. The cabin class weighting factor is adopted from the IATA CO2 calculation methodology paper for passengers (IATA 2023) and is applied in correspondence with the specified flight data and aircraft type using the weighting scheme described above. 

9. Accounting for non-CO 2 effects of aviation 

Aircraft not only emit CO2 but also other forcing agents that affect the Earth’s radiative balance and with it, the climate. Amongst other factors, emissions from aviation also lead to short-term increases in tropospheric ozone as a consequence of nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions, initiate condensation trails (contrails) and may affect the formation of cirrus clouds. The total radiative effects have therefore been estimated to be two to four times larger than the direct CO2 radiative forcing. However, research is ongoing in order to limit the uncertainties. Furthermore, a comparison of CO2 and non-CO2 effects is particularly challenging as they act on different time scales. Nevertheless, ignoring these effects would not be a far-sighted scientific approach.  

Based on correct interpretation of the most recent scientific publications, the latest studies (Lee et al. 2021, scnat 2021) recommend an RFI factor (Radiative Forcing Index: ratio of the impact on the climate of all climate-impacting effects of aviation – known as the non-CO2 effects – to the climate impact of aviation-related CO2  (Allianz 2023)) of 3 for the total aircraft CO2 emissions, if the climate impact approach refers to the time horizon of 30 years that is essential for the net-zero target (2050). This places a disproportionate weighting on the short-term effects of non-CO2 emissions, which is in line with the myclimate guidelines and is thus taken into account when calculating flight emissions. This multiplier has a decisive influence on the level of calculated flight emissions. In the previous versions of the myclimate flight calculator, the RFI factor was set to 2, based on scientific studies.  

10. Aircraft and infrastructure emissions

Aircraft are firstly produced, then maintained and at the end of their life disposed. The emissions related to these activities are included in form of a factor, which allocates the emissions to the total number of kilometres flown. Furthermore, flying requires a certain infrastructure; these emissions from airport operations are also included (Messmer & Frischknecht, 2016). 

11. Formula

The following formula is used to calculate the total CO2-equivalent emissions: 

E: CO2-equivalent emissions per passenger [kg] 

x: Flight distance [km], defined as the sum of GCD (great circle distance) and DC (distance correction for detours and holding patterns) and inefficiencies in the air traffic control systems [km] 

S: Average number of seats (total across all cabin classes) 

PLF: Passenger load factor 

CF: Cargo factor 

CW: Cabin class weighting factor 

EF: CO2 emission factor for jet fuel combustion (kerosene) 

M: Multiplier accounting for potential non-CO2 effects 

P: CO2e emission factor for pre-production jet fuel, kerosene 

AF: Aircraft factor 

A: Airport infrastructure emissions 

The part ax 2 + bx + c is a nonlinear approximation of f(x) + LTO

LTO: Fuel consumption during landing and take-off cycle including taxi [kg] Short-haul is defined as x <1500 km and long-haul as x >2500 km. In between, a linear interpolation is used. 

The following parameters are used for the calculation:

12. Sources

• Air France 2022. Air France – KLM Fleet (2022). Accessed 30/10/2023 from: https://www.airfranceklm.com/en/group/fleet . 
• Airbus A220 Airbus A220 (2022). Accessed 30/10/2023 from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbus_A220 . 
• Airbus A319 Airbus A319 (2023). Accessed 30/10/2023 from;  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbus_A320_family . 
• Airbus A320 Airbus A320 (2023). Accessed 30/10/2023 from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbus_A320_family . 
• Airbus A321 Airbus A321 (2023). Accessed 30/10/2023 from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbus_A321 . 
• Airbus A330 Airbus A330 (2023). Accessed 30/10/2023 from: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbus_A330.&nbsp ;
• AirMundo 2023. AirMundo (June 2023). Accessed 30/10/2023 from: https://www.flughafendetails.de/fluginfo/groesste-fluggesellschaften-europas/ . 
• Allianz 2023. Allianz foundation for development and climate: What is behind the term Radiative Forcing Index (RFI)? Accessed 01/11/23 von: https://allianz-entwicklung-klima.de/   
• Boeing 737 Boeing 737 (2023). Accessed 30/10/2023 from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_737 . 
• Boeing 757 Boeing 757 (2023). Accessed 30/10/2023 from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_757 . 
• Boeing 767 Boeing 767 (2023). Accessed 30/10/2023 from: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_767.&nbsp ;
• Boeing 777 Boeing 777 (2009). Accessed 30/10/2023 from: https://www.boeing.com/commercial/aeromagazine/articles/qtr_02_09/article_02_1.html . 
• Boeing 787 Boeing 787 (2023). Accessed 30/10/2023 from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_787_Dreamliner . 
• De Barra 2022. de Barra, C. (22 December 2022). Eurosender. What is CBM in shipping? Accessed 30/10/2023 from: https://www.eurosender.com/blog/en/calculate-cbm-shipping/ . 
• Delta Airlines Fleet 2023. Delta Airlines Fleet (2023). Accessed 30/10/2023 from: www.delta.com/us/en/aircraft/overview.&nbsp ;
• DIN EN 16258 (2012). European standard EN 16258, CEN European Committee for Standardisation, Brussels, November 2012. 
• Easyjet Fleet 2023. Easyjet Fleet (2023). Accessed 30/10/2023 from: www.easyjet.com/en/help/boarding-and-flying/our-fleet.&nbsp ;
• EUA 2019. EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook — 2019. Technical guidance to prepare national emission inventories – Part B: sectoral guidance chapters, section 1.A.3.a Aviation. 
• IATA 2022. IATA (2022): Quarterly Air Transport Chartbook. IATA Economics. Accessed 30/10/2023 from: www.iata.org/en/iata-repository/publications/economic-reports/quarterly-air-transport-chartbook---q4-2022/.&nbsp ;
• IATA 2023. IATA (2023): Passenger CO2 Calculation Methodology. https://www.iata.org/contentassets/139d686fa8f34c4ba7a41f7ba3e026e7/iata-rp-1726_passenger-co2.pdf . 
• ICAODATA 2019. International Civil Aviation Organization statistical data base on the air transport industry. Data availability: 2009–2017, http://www.icaodata.com . 
• International Airlines Group Fleet 2023. International Airlines Group Fleet (2023). Accessed 30/10/2023 from: www.planespotters.net/airline/International-Airlines-Group.&nbsp ;
• Kettunen et al. 2005. Flight Efficiency Studies in Europe and the United States. 6th USA / Europe Seminar on ATM Research and Development, Baltimore, Maryland, USA, 27 - 30 June 2005. www.atmseminar.org seminarContent/seminar6/papers/p_055_MPM.pdf. 
• Lee et. al. 2021. Lee et. al. (2021): The contribution of global aviation to anthropogenic climate forcing for 2000-2018. Atmos. Environ. 244 117834. 
• LH 2014. Pallets, Containers, and Fleet, Lufthansa Cargo AG, Frankfurt/Main, April 2014. 
• Lufthansa Group Fleet 2023. Lufthansa Group Fleet (2023). Accessed 30/10/2023 from: www.lufthansagroup.com/en/company/fleet.html.&nbsp ;
• Messmer and Frischknecht 2016. Life Cycle Inventories of Air Transport Services, treeze, December 2016.  https://treeze.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/downloads/Publications/Case_Studies/Mobility/544-LCI-Air-Transport-Services-v2.0.pdf  
• Mobitool 2023. mobitool factors v3.0 (2023): Database with processed ecoinvent environmental data & emission factors, Switzerland. https://www.mobitool.ch/ . 
• Mordor Intelligence Research & Advisory 2023. Mordor Intelligence Research & Advisory (2023). From Commercial Aircraft Market Size & Share Analysis - Growth Trends & Forecasts (2023 - 2028). Accessed 30/10/2023 from: https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/commercial-aircraft-market . 
• Murphy 2023. Murphy, A. (2023). The Global 2000. Accessed 30/10/2023 from: https://www.forbes.com/lists/global2000/ . 
• Ryanair 2023. Ryanair (2023). Accessed 30/10/2023 from: corporate.ryanair.com/about-us/our-fleet/.&nbsp ;
• Scnat 2021. scnat (2021): The impact of emissions from aviation on the climate. Swiss academies communications. Vol. 16, No.3, 2021. Accessed 30/10/2023 from: https://portal-cdn.scnat.ch/asset/cf6e603b-62b9-59af-b162-64da2a2b3ffb/Communications_Flugverkehr_EN_V2-2.pdf?b=d65918f2-9b81-5bc4-925a-a2f1639a87a5&v=977bcdf8-9698-5182-a90f-d9b352ff9ede_0&s=HuzZVIL7R86nvIK1RfAQ8M5wcqrmnJQ1ZaL7W3YZnErGq-I6r4n2mbvc_Yzh9ZsGUQapofsVFYl-el_7nrwl4Qfl789-naAFrSAmGfHgmhUy_dMUMn5n578nW3WwGc3_CPX0g8fXxe7ti9oPyJbDPneYlKZKyMllamALUJC7mvg . 
• Southwest Airlines Fleet 2023. Southwest Airlines Fleet (2023). Accessed 30/10/2023 from: www.southwest.com/help/on-the-plane/our-airplanes.&nbsp ;
• United Continental Fleet 2023. United Continental Fleet (2023). Accessed 30/10/2023 from: https://www.united.com/ual/en/us/fly/travel/inflight/united-airlines-fleet.html . 
• Wikipedia 2023. Wikipedia (2023). Competition between Airbus and Boeing. Accessed 30/10/2023 from: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competition_between_Airbus_and_Boeing.&nbsp ;

Calculation principles

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• For Individuals

Emission Calculation & Offset Tool

Calculate & Offset emissions from any trip within a few minutes. Add as many flights and people as you want. Worldwide!

Not much time? Offsetting air-travel emissions can make a big difference and is a great start to get familiar with offsetting. Calculate and offset below within a few minutes and actively support the transformation towards a low-carbon, emission neutral global economy.

This Tool is also available via the CarbonBuddy App!

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Use this calculator to assess the carbon footprint of your air travels and gain a deeper understanding of the environmental impact of your flights.

The aviation sector has a significant impact on the climate. Here's an overview of this impact:

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emissions: Aviation accounts for a notable portion of global CO2 emissions. In 2019, before the COVID-19 pandemic temporarily decreased air traffic, aviation was responsible for about 2 to 3% of total CO2 emissions worldwide.

Non-CO2 Emissions: Beyond CO2, aircraft also emit nitrogen oxides (NOx) which, at high altitudes, can contribute to the formation of ozone, a potent greenhouse gas. Planes also produce contrails that can evolve into cirrus clouds, high-altitude clouds with a warming effect. These impacts can, in some cases, be more significant in the short term than the direct effects of CO2 emissions.

Altitude Effect: Emissions released at high altitudes have different impacts than those released at ground level. At these heights, the interaction between emitted gases and the atmosphere can intensify the greenhouse effect.

Sector Growth: With the rise in air traffic, despite improvements in aircraft energy efficiency, the emissions from the aviation sector are expected to continue to increase unless significant measures are taken.

Given this reality, it's crucial, when choosing to travel by air, to implement compensatory measures to mitigate the carbon footprint of our journeys. Continue the process to offset your air travels using our portfolios of Gold Standard-certified projects!

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions related to air travel are calculated by considering the distance traveled and travel class. The conversion factors used to determine GHG emissions are sourced from reliable and up-to-date sources, such as: DEFRA, Conversion Factors 2021: Condensed Set (For Most Users) - Revised January 2022.

Explore The Climate Impact of Flying, Calculate Your Flight Emissions!

1) here is a simple to use calculator that includes options for layovers, type of plane, and choice of travel class to see flight emissions per passenger:.

https://co2.myclimate.org/en/flight_calculators/new

2) hERE IS A FLIGHT CALCULATOR FORMATTED AS A VERY COOL MAP!

https://flightemissionmap.org/

3) This flight calculator focuses on the inequity and privilege of flying compared to how many millions of people around the world burn less than each passenger!

http://engaging-data.com/airplane-emissions/

4) this calculator compares flight emissions to other lifestyle choices. Even if we take environmentally conscious steps like eating vegetarian or driving an electric car, damage from one flight can completely wipe out these savings.

• Distance (each way): N/A
• Round-trip emissions per passenger: N/A
• Avoiding this trip is as climate friendly as being vegetarian for: N/A
• Avoiding this trip is as climate friendly as carpooling for: N/A
• This many people in the world emit fewer greenhouse gases in one year: N/A
• You could travel this far in an electric train like Eurostar: N/A
• These emissions melt this much Arctic sea ice: N/A

Enter an itinerary for a round trip flight to see the carbon emissions and climate impact per passenger .

Note: This calculator uses an average emissions per kilometer, most accurate to shorter flights, and factors in an average for connecting flights which are more emissions- intensive than non stop flights. Flight emissions vary by aircraft.

Why Google flight tracker shows lower emissions: Google 'airbrushes' out emissions from flying, BBC reveals , 9/26/22

To limit global warming to a relatively safe 1.5 degrees Celsius it is estimated that individuals must have a yearly budget of 0.6 metric tons of C02e emissions.

The average carbon footprint for a person in the United States is 12.9 tons , one of the highest in the world.

Contact Us on 01978 437040 or Email [email protected]

Flight Calculator

Flight carbon calculator.

Our flight carbon calculator is an online tool designed to estimate the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions generated by an individual's air travel. It provides a measure of the environmental impact of a flight in terms of its carbon footprint, providing information that individuals and companies can use to offset their emissions, often by investing in environmental initiatives.

Tell us about your flight?

• - select an option -
• SPRING POINT (AXP) BAHAMAS
• ALICE TOWN (BIM) BAHAMAS
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• GREAT EXUMA (GGT) BAHAMAS
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• MATTHEW TOWN (IGA) BAHAMAS
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• MAYAGUANA (MYG) BAHAMAS
• NASSAU (NAS) BAHAMAS
• ROCK SOUND (RSD) BAHAMAS
• SAN ANDROS (SAQ) BAHAMAS
• STELLA MARIS (SML) BAHAMAS
• TREASURE CAY (TCB) BAHAMAS
• WEST END (WTD) BAHAMAS
• COCKBURN TOWN (ZSA) BAHAMAS
• BAHRAIN (BAH) BAHRAIN
• CHITTAGONG (CGP) BANGLADESH
• COX'S BAZAR (CXB) BANGLADESH
• DHAKA (DAC) BANGLADESH
• ISHURDI (IRD) BANGLADESH
• JESSORE (JSR) BANGLADESH
• RAJSHAHI (RJH) BANGLADESH
• SAIDPUR (SPD) BANGLADESH
• SYLHET OSMANI (ZYL) BANGLADESH
• BRIDGETOWN (BGI) BARBADOS
• ANTWERP (ANR) BELGIUM
• BRUSSELS (BRU) BELGIUM
• CHARLEROI (CRL) BELGIUM
• LIEGE (LGG) BELGIUM
• OSTEND (OST) BELGIUM
• KORTRIJK-VEVELGEM (QKT) BELGIUM
• BELIZE CITY (BZE) BELIZE
• COTONOU (COO) BENIN
• PARAKOU (PKO) BENIN
• PARO (PBH) BHUTAN
• APOLO (APB) BOLIVIA
• BERMEJO (BJO) BOLIVIA
• CAMIRI (CAM) BOLIVIA
• COCHABAMBA (CBB) BOLIVIA
• CONCEPTION (CEP) BOLIVIA
• COBIJA (CIJ) BOLIVIA
• GUAYARAMERIN (GYA) BOLIVIA
• LA PAZ (LPB) BOLIVIA
• MAGDALENA (MGD) BOLIVIA
• POTOSI (POI) BOLIVIA
• PUERTO SUAREZ (PSZ) BOLIVIA
• RURRENABAQUE (RBQ) BOLIVIA
• BRAGANCA (BGC) ACORES
• FARO (FAO) ACORES
• FLORES (FLORES ISL.) (FLW) ACORES
• GRACIOSA ISLAND (GRW) ACORES
• HORTA (HOR) ACORES
• PORTO (OPO) ACORES
• PONTA DELGADA (PDL) ACORES
• PICO (PIX) ACORES
• SAO JORGE ISLAND (SJZ) ACORES
• SANTA MARIA (ISLAND) (SMA) ACORES
• LAJES (TERCEIRA ISLAND) (TER) ACORES
• VILA REAL (VRL) ACORES
• HERAT (HEA) AFGHANISTAN
• JALALABAD (JAA) AFGHANISTAN
• KABUL (KBL) AFGHANISTAN
• KANDAHAR (KDH) AFGHANISTAN
• MAIMAMA (MMZ) AFGHANISTAN
• MAZAR-I-SHARIF (MZR) AFGHANISTAN
• KUNDUZ (UND) AFGHANISTAN
• TIRANA (TIA) ALBANIA
• ANNABA (AAE) ALGERIA
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• BEJAJA (BJA) ALGERIA
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• CONSTANTINE (CZL) ALGERIA
• DJANET (DJG) ALGERIA
• EL GOLEA (ELG) ALGERIA
• GHARDAIA (GHA) ALGERIA
• JIJEL (GJL) ALGERIA
• SETIF (GSF) ALGERIA
• HASSI-MESSAOUD (HME) ALGERIA
• TILREMPT (HRM) ALGERIA
• ZARZAITINE (IAM) ALGERIA
• IN SALAH (INZ) ALGERIA
• LAGHOUAT (LOO) ALGERIA
• GHRISS (MUW) ALGERIA
• OUARGLA (OGX) ALGERIA
• ORAN (ORN) ALGERIA
• ECH-CHELIFF (QAS) ALGERIA
• ORAN (TAF) ALGERIA
• TEBESSA (TEE) ALGERIA
• TOUGGOURT (TGR) ALGERIA
• TIARET (TID) ALGERIA
• TINDOUF (TIN) ALGERIA
• TLEMCEN (TLM) ALGERIA
• TAMANRASSET (TMR) ALGERIA
• TIMIMOUN (TMX) ALGERIA
• ILLIZI (VVZ) ALGERIA
• BENGUELA (BUG) ANGOLA
• CABINDA (CAB) ANGOLA
• CAZOMBO (CAV) ANGOLA
• NEGAGE (GXG) ANGOLA
• LUANDA (LAD) ANGOLA
• LUENA (LUO) ANGOLA
• MALANJE (MEG) ANGOLA
• N'GIVA (NGV) ANGOLA
• HUAMBO (NOV) ANGOLA
• PORTO AMBOIM (PBN) ANGOLA
• CHITATO (PGI) ANGOLA
• MENONGUE (SPP) ANGOLA
• M'BANZA-CONGO (SSY) ANGOLA
• KUITO (SVP) ANGOLA
• SOYO (SZA) ANGOLA
• UIGE (UGO) ANGOLA
• SAURIMO (VHC) ANGOLA
• XANGONGO (XGN) ANGOLA
• THE VALLEY (AXA) ANGUILLA ISL.
• KRALENDIJK (BON) ANTILLES
• WILLEMSTAD (CUR) ANTILLES
• ORANJESTAD (EUX) ANTILLES
• FORT-DE-FRANCE (FDF) ANTILLES
• POINTE-A-PITRE (PTP) ANTILLES
• ST.-BARTHELEMY (SBH) ANTILLES
• ST. MARTIN (SFG) ANTILLES
• PHILIPSBURG (SXM) ANTILLES
• BUENOS AIRES (AEP) ARGENTINA
• SAN RAFAEL (AFA) ARGENTINA
• PASO DE LOS LIBRES (AOL) ARGENTINA
• BAHIA BLANCA (BHI) ARGENTINA
• SAN CARLOS DE BARILOCH (BRC) ARGENTINA
• CORRIENTES (CNQ) ARGENTINA
• CONCORDIA (COC) ARGENTINA
• CORDOBA (COR) ARGENTINA
• SAN MARTIN DES ANDES (CPC) ARGENTINA
• COMODORO RIVADAVIA (CRD) ARGENTINA
• CATAMARCA (CTC) ARGENTINA
• EL BOLSON (EHL) ARGENTINA
• EL MAITEN (EMX) ARGENTINA
• ESQUEL (EQS) ARGENTINA
• FORMOSA (FMA) ARGENTINA
• GUALEGUAYCHU (GHU) ARGENTINA
• IGUAZU FALLS (IGR) ARGENTINA
• LAGO ARGENTINO (ING) ARGENTINA
• LA RIOJA (IRJ) ARGENTINA
• JOSE DE SAN MARTIN (JSM) ARGENTINA
• JUJUY (JUJ) ARGENTINA
• MALARGUE (LGS) ARGENTINA
• LA PLATA (LPG) ARGENTINA
• SAN LUIS (LUQ) ARGENTINA
• MAR DEL PLATA (MDQ) ARGENTINA
• MENDOZA (MDZ) ARGENTINA
• NEUQUEN (NQN) ARGENTINA
• ORAN (ORA) ARGENTINA
• PUERTO MADRYN (PMY) ARGENTINA
• PARANA (PRA) ARGENTINA
• POSADAS (PSS) ARGENTINA
• PUERTO DESEADO (PUD) ARGENTINA
• RIO CUARTO (RCU) ARGENTINA
• TRELEW (REL) ARGENTINA
• RESISTENCIA (RES) ARGENTINA
• RIO GRANDE (RGA) ARGENTINA
• RIO GALLEGOS (RGL) ARGENTINA
• ROSARIO (ROS) ARGENTINA
• SANTA ROSA (RSA) ARGENTINA
• RIO TURBIO (RYO) ARGENTINA
• SANTA CRUZ (RZA) ARGENTINA
• SANTIAGO DEL ESTERO (SDE) ARGENTINA
• SANTA FE (SFN) ARGENTINA
• SALTA (SLA) ARGENTINA
• TANDIL (TDL) ARGENTINA
• TUCUMAN (TUC) ARGENTINA
• SAN JULIAN (UAQ) ARGENTINA
• SAN JULIAN (ULA) ARGENTINA
• USHUAIA (USH) ARGENTINA
• VIEDMA (VDM) ARGENTINA
• VILLA DOLORES (VDR) ARGENTINA
• VILLA GESELL (VLG) ARGENTINA
• ORANJESTAD (AUA) ARUBA
• AMBERLEY (ABM) AUSTRALIA
• ALBURY (ABX) AUSTRALIA
• ADELAIDE (ADL) AUSTRALIA
• ALICE SPRINGS (ASP) AUSTRALIA
• AVALON (AVV) AUSTRALIA
• BRISBANE (BNE) AUSTRALIA
• SYDNEY (BWU) AUSTRALIA
• CANBERRA (CBR) AUSTRALIA
• CAMDEN (CDU) AUSTRALIA
• COFF'S HARBOUR (CFS) AUSTRALIA
• CAIRNS (CNS) AUSTRALIA
• CHARLIEVILLE (CTL) AUSTRALIA
• DUBBO (DBO) AUSTRALIA
• HOBART (HBA) AUSTRALIA
• MOUNT ISA (ISA) AUSTRALIA
• PERTH (JAD) AUSTRALIA
• KALGOORLIE (KGI) AUSTRALIA
• KUNUNURRA (KNX) AUSTRALIA
• KARRATHA (KTA) AUSTRALIA
• LEARMONTH (LEA) AUSTRALIA
• LAUNCESTON (LST) AUSTRALIA
• MELBOURNE (MBW) AUSTRALIA
• MAROOCHYDORE (MCY) AUSTRALIA
• MELBOURNE (MEB) AUSTRALIA
• MELBOURNE (MEL) AUSTRALIA
• MACKAY (MKY) AUSTRALIA
• NORFOLK ISLAND (NLK) AUSTRALIA
• COOLANGATTA (OOL) AUSTRALIA
• PERTH (PER) AUSTRALIA
• PORT HEDLAND (PHE) AUSTRALIA
• PROSSERPINE (PPP) AUSTRALIA
• RICHMOND (RCM) AUSTRALIA
• ROCKHAMPTON (ROK) AUSTRALIA
• SYDNEY (SYD) AUSTRALIA
• TAMWORTH (TMW) AUSTRALIA
• TOWNSVILLE (TSV) AUSTRALIA
• WOOMERA (UMR) AUSTRALIA
• WEIPA (WEI) AUSTRALIA
• WAGGA WAGGA (WGA) AUSTRALIA
• GRAZ (GRZ) AUSTRIA
• INNSBRUCK (INN) AUSTRIA
• KLAGENFURT (KLU) AUSTRIA
• LINZ (LNZ) AUSTRIA
• SALZBURG (SZG) AUSTRIA
• VIENNA (VIE) AUSTRIA
• ANDROS TOWN (ASD) BAHAMAS
• RIBERALTA (RIB) BOLIVIA
• SAN JOAQUIN (SJB) BOLIVIA
• SUCRE (SRE) BOLIVIA
• SAN BORJA (SRJ) BOLIVIA
• TRINIDAD (TDD) BOLIVIA
• TARIJA (TJA) BOLIVIA
• SANTA CRUZ (VVI) BOLIVIA
• THABA NCHU (TCU) BOPHUTHATSWANA
• MOSTAR (OMO) BOSNIA-HERCEGOVINA
• SARAJEVO (SJJ) BOSNIA-HERCEGOVINA
• KASANE (BBK) BOTSWANA
• FRANCISTOWN (FRW) BOTSWANA
• GABERONE (GBE) BOTSWANA
• JWANENG (JWA) BOTSWANA
• MAUN (MUB) BOTSWANA
• ORAPA (ORP) BOTSWANA
• SELEBI-PHIKWE (PKW) BOTSWANA
• ALTA FLORESTA (AFL) BRAZIL
• ARACAJU (AJU) BRAZIL
• ARARACUARA (AQA) BRAZIL
• ARACATUBA (ARU) BRAZIL
• ALTAMIRA (ATM) BRAZIL
• BAURU (BAU) BRAZIL
• BELEM (BEL) BRAZIL
• CURITIBA (BFH) BRAZIL
• BAGE (BGX) BRAZIL
• BRASILIA (BSB) BRAZIL
• BOA VISTA (BVB) BRAZIL
• VILHENA (BVH) BRAZIL
• CASCAVEL (CAC) BRAZIL
• CAMPOS (CAW) BRAZIL
• CONCEICAO DO ARAGUAIA (CDJ) BRAZIL
• CUIABA (CGB) BRAZIL
• SAO PAULO (CGH) BRAZIL
• CAMPO GRANDE (CGR) BRAZIL
• CAROLINA (CLN) BRAZIL
• CORUMBA (CMG) BRAZIL
• BELO HORIZONTE (CNF) BRAZIL
• CARAVELAS (CRQ) BRAZIL
• CURITIBA (CWB) BRAZIL
• CAXIAS DO SUL (CXJ) BRAZIL
• CRUIZIRO DO SUL (CZS) BRAZIL
• FERNANDO DO NORONHA (FEN) BRAZIL
• FLORIANOPOLIS (FLN) BRAZIL
• FORTALEZA (FOR) BRAZIL
• FRANCA (FRC) BRAZIL
• SANTO ANGELO (GEL) BRAZIL
• RIO DE JANEIRO (GIG) BRAZIL
• SAO PAULO (GRU) BRAZIL
• GOIANIA (GYN) BRAZIL
• FOZ DO IGUACU (IGU) BRAZIL
• IMPERATRIZ (IMP) BRAZIL
• ILHEUS (IOS) BRAZIL
• IPATINGA (IPN) BRAZIL
• JUIZ DE FORA (JDF) BRAZIL
• JOINVILLE (JOI) BRAZIL
• JOAO PESSOA (JPA) BRAZIL
• BOM JESUS DA LAPA (LAZ) BRAZIL
• LONDRINA (LDB) BRAZIL
• LINS (LIP) BRAZIL
• MARABA (MAB) BRAZIL
• MANAUS (MAO) BRAZIL
• MACAPA (MCP) BRAZIL
• MACEIO (MCZ) BRAZIL
• MARINGA (MGF) BRAZIL
• MONTES CLAROS (MOC) BRAZIL
• NATAL (NAT) BRAZIL
• NAVEGANTES (NVT) BRAZIL
• PAULO ALFONSO (PAV) BRAZIL
• PELOTAS (PET) BRAZIL
• PASSO FUNDO (PFB) BRAZIL
• BELO HORIZONTE (PLU) BRAZIL
• PONTA PORA (PMG) BRAZIL
• PORTO NACIONAL (PNB) BRAZIL
• PETROLINA (PNZ) BRAZIL
• PORTO ALEGRE (POA) BRAZIL
• POCOS DE CALDAS (POO) BRAZIL
• PRESIDENT PRUDENTE (PPB) BRAZIL
• PORTO VELHO (PVH) BRAZIL
• PIRACUNUNGA (QPS) BRAZIL
• RIBEIRAO PRETO (RAO) BRAZIL
• RIO BRANCO (RBR) BRAZIL
• RECIFE (REC) BRAZIL
• RIO GRANDE (RIG) BRAZIL
• RIO DE JANEIRO (SDU) BRAZIL
• SAO JOSE DOS CAMPOS (SJK) BRAZIL
• SAO JOSE DO RIO PRETO (SJP) BRAZIL
• SAO LUIS (SLZ) BRAZIL
• SALVADOR (SSA) BRAZIL
• SANTOS (SSZ) BRAZIL
• SANTAREM (STM) BRAZIL
• RIO DE JANEIRO (STU) BRAZIL
• TABATINGA (TBT) BRAZIL
• TEFE (TFF) BRAZIL
• TERESINA (THE) BRAZIL
• TUCURUI (TUR) BRAZIL
• UBERABA (UBA) BRAZIL
• UBERLANDIA (UDI) BRAZIL
• URUGUAIANA (URG) BRAZIL
• VARGINHA (VAG) BRAZIL
• CAMPINAS (VCP) BRAZIL
• VITORIA (VIX) BRAZIL
• CHAPECO (XAP) BRAZIL
• BRUNEI (BWN) BRUNEI
• BOURGAS (BOJ) BULGARIA
• GORNA ORECHOVICA (GOZ) BULGARIA
• PLOVDIV (PDV) BULGARIA
• SOFIA (SOF) BULGARIA
• VARNA (VAR) BULGARIA
• BOBO-DIOULASSO (BOY) BURKINA FASO
• OUAGADOUGOU (OUA) BURKINA FASO
• BUJUMBURA (BJM) BURUNDI
• PHNOM-PENH (PNH) CAMBODIA
• SIEM-REAP (REP) CAMBODIA
• BAFOUSSAM (BFX) CAMEROON
• BAMENDA (BPC) CAMEROON
• DOUALA (DLA) CAMEROON
• FOUMBAN (FOM) CAMEROON
• GAROUA (GOU) CAMEROON
• MAROUA (MVR) CAMEROON
• N'GAOUNDERE (NGE) CAMEROON
• BATOURI (OUR) CAMEROON
• TIKO (TKC) CAMEROON
• YAOUNDE (YAO) CAMEROON
• SAULT SAINTE MARIE (YAM) CANADA
• WINNIPEG (YAV) CANADA
• HALIFAX (YAW) CANADA
• ST. ANTHONY (YAY) CANADA
• TOFINO (YAZ) CANADA
• PELLY BAY (YBB) CANADA
• BAIE COMEAU (YBC) CANADA
• BAGOTVILLE (YBG) CANADA
• BAKER LAKE (YBK) CANADA
• CAMPBELL RIVER (YBL) CANADA
• BRANDON (YBR) CANADA
• CAMBRIDGE BAY (YCB) CANADA
• NANAIMO (YCD) CANADA
• CASTLEGAR (YCG) CANADA
• CHATHAM (YCH) CANADA
• CHARLO (YCL) CANADA
• COPPERMINE (YCO) CANADA
• CORONATION (YCT) CANADA
• CHILLIWACK (YCW) CANADA
• CLYDE RIVER (YCY) CANADA
• DAWSON (YDA) CANADA
• BURWASH (YDB) CANADA
• PRINCETON (YDC) CANADA
• DEER LAKE (YDF) CANADA
• DEASE LAKE (YDL) CANADA
• DAUPHIN (YDN) CANADA
• DAWSON CREEK (YDQ) CANADA
• EDMONTON (YED) CANADA
• EDMONTON (YEG) CANADA
• ESKIMO POINT (YEK) CANADA
• ESTEVAN (YEN) CANADA
• EDSON (YET) CANADA
• EUREKA (YEU) CANADA
• INUVIK (YEV) CANADA
• IQALUIT (YFB) CANADA
• FREDERICTON (YFC) CANADA
• FLIN FLON (YFO) CANADA
• FORT RESOLUTION (YFR) CANADA
• FORT SIMPSON (YFS) CANADA
• KINGSTON (YGK) CANADA
• LA GRANDE RIVIERE (YGL) CANADA
• GASPE (YGP) CANADA
• GERALDTON (YGQ) CANADA
• ILES DE LA MADELEINE (YGR) CANADA
• KUUJJUARARAPIK (YGW) CANADA
• GILLAM (YGX) CANADA
• HUDSON BAY (YHB) CANADA
• DRYDEN (YHD) CANADA
• HOLMAN ISLAND (YHI) CANADA
• GJOA HAVEN (YHK) CANADA
• HAMILTON (YHM) CANADA
• MONTREAL (YHU) CANADA
• HAY RIVER (YHY) CANADA
• HALIFAX (YHZ) CANADA
• ATIKOKAN (YIB) CANADA
• POND INLET (YIO) CANADA
• ST. JEAN (YJN) CANADA
• STEPHENVILLE (YJT) CANADA
• KAMLOOPS (YKA) CANADA
• WATERLOO (YKF) CANADA
• SCHEFFERVILLE (YKL) CANADA
• KINDERSLEY (YKY) CANADA
• TORONTO (YKZ) CANADA
• CHAPLEAU (YLD) CANADA
• MEADOW LAKE (YLJ) CANADA
• LLOYDMINSTER (YLL) CANADA
• ALERT (YLT) CANADA
• KELOWNA (YLW) CANADA
• MAYO (YMA) CANADA
• MOOSE JAW (YMJ) CANADA
• FORT MCMURRAY (YMM) CANADA
• MOOSONEE (YMO) CANADA
• MANIWAKI (YMW) CANADA
• MONTREAL (YMX) CANADA
• NATASHQUAN (YNA) CANADA
• GATINEAU (YND) CANADA
• MATAGAMI (YNM) CANADA
• OLD CROW (YOC) CANADA
• COLD LAKE (YOD) CANADA
• HIGH LEVEL (YOJ) CANADA
• OTTAWA (YOW) CANADA
• PRINCE ALBERT (YPA) CANADA
• PEACE RIVER (YPE) CANADA
• PORTAGE-LA-PRAIRIE (YPG) CANADA
• PICKLE LAKE (YPL) CANADA
• PORT MENIER (YPN) CANADA
• PETERBOROUGH (YPQ) CANADA
• PRINCE PUPERT (YPR) CANADA
• FORT CHIPEWYAN (YPY) CANADA
• MUSKOKA (YQA) CANADA
• QUEBEC (YQB) CANADA
• RED DEER INDUSTRIAL (YQF) CANADA
• WINDSOR (YQG) CANADA
• WATSON LAKE (YQH) CANADA
• KENORA (YQK) CANADA
• LETHBRIDGE (YQL) CANADA
• MONCTON (YQM) CANADA
• COMOX (YQQ) CANADA
• REGINA (YQR) CANADA
• THUNDER BAY (YQT) CANADA
• GRANDE PRAIRIE (YQU) CANADA
• YORKTON (YQV) CANADA
• NORTH BATTLEFORD (YQW) CANADA
• GANDER (YQX) CANADA
• SYDNEY (YQY) CANADA
• QUESNEL (YQZ) CANADA
• RESOLUTE (YRB) CANADA
• RIVIERE DU LOUP (YRI) CANADA
• ROBERVAL (YRJ) CANADA
• ROCKY MOUNTAIN HOUSE (YRM) CANADA
• RANKIN INLET (YRT) CANADA
• SUDBURY (YSB) CANADA
• SHERBROOKE (YSC) CANADA
• ST. JOHN (YSJ) CANADA
• FORT SMITH (YSM) CANADA
• NANISIVIK (YSR) CANADA
• SUMMERSIDE (YSU) CANADA
• SACHS HARBOUR (YSY) CANADA
• CAPE DORSET (YTE) CANADA
• THOMPSON (YTH) CANADA
• TRENTON (YTR) CANADA
• TIMMINS (YTS) CANADA
• TORONTO (YTZ) CANADA
• TUKTOYAKTUK (YUB) CANADA
• MONTREAL (YUL) CANADA
• REPULSE BAY (YUT) CANADA
• HALL BEACH (YUX) CANADA
• ROUYN (YUY) CANADA
• LA RONGE (YVC) CANADA
• VERMILLION (YVG) CANADA
• BROUGHTON ISLAND (YVM) CANADA
• VAL D'OR (YVO) CANADA
• QUUJJUAQ (YVP) CANADA
• NORMAN WELLS (YVQ) CANADA
• VANCOUVER (YVR) CANADA
• BUFFALO NARROWS (YVT) CANADA
• WIARTON (YVV) CANADA
• PETAWAWA (YWA) CANADA
• WINNIPEG (YWG) CANADA
• WABUSH (YWK) CANADA
• WILLIAMS LAKE (YWL) CANADA
• WRIGLEY (YWY) CANADA
• CRANBROOK (YXC) CANADA
• EDMONTON (YXD) CANADA
• SASKATOON (YXE) CANADA
• MEDICINE HAT (YXH) CANADA
• FORT SAINT JOHN (YXJ) CANADA
• SIOUX LOOKOUT (YXL) CANADA
• PANGNIRTUNG (YXP) CANADA
• EARLTON (YXR) CANADA
• PRINCE GEORGE (YXS) CANADA
• TERRACE (YXT) CANADA
• LONDON (YXU) CANADA
• ABBOTSFORD (YXX) CANADA
• WHITEHORSE (YXY) CANADA
• NORTH BAY (YYB) CANADA
• CALGARY (YYC) CANADA
• SMITHERS (YYD) CANADA
• FORT NELSON (YYE) CANADA
• PENTICTON (YYF) CANADA
• CHARLOTTETOWN (YYG) CANADA
• SPENCE BAY (YYH) CANADA
• VICTORIA (YYJ) CANADA
• LYNN LAKE (YYL) CANADA
• SWIFT CURRENT (YYN) CANADA
• CHURCHILL (YYQ) CANADA
• GOOSE BAY (YYR) CANADA
• ST. JOHN'S (YYT) CANADA
• KAPUSKASING (YYU) CANADA
• ARMSTRONG (YYW) CANADA
• MONT JOLI (YYY) CANADA
• TORONTO (YYZ) CANADA
• TORONTO (YZD) CANADA
• GORE BAY (YZE) CANADA
• YELLOWKNIFE (YZF) CANADA
• SLAVE LAKE (YZH) CANADA
• SANDSPIT (YZP) CANADA
• SARNIA (YZR) CANADA
• CORAL HARBOUR (YZS) CANADA
• PORT HARDY (YZT) CANADA
• WHITECOURT (YZU) CANADA
• SEPT-ILES (YZV) CANADA
• TESLIN (YZW) CANADA
• GREENWOOD (YZX) CANADA
• FARO (ZFA) CANADA
• FORT MCPHERSON (ZFM) CANADA
• LANZEROTE (ACE) CANARY ISLANDS
• FUERTEVENTURA (FUE) CANARY ISLANDS
• GRAN CANARIA (LPA) CANARY ISLANDS
• TENERIFE (TFN) CANARY ISLANDS
• TENERIFE (TFS) CANARY ISLANDS
• HIERRO (VDE) CANARY ISLANDS
• BOA VISTA (BVC) CAPE VERDE ISLANDS
• MAIO (MMO) CAPE VERDE ISLANDS
• FRANCISCO MENDEZ (RAI) CAPE VERDE ISLANDS
• AMILCAR CABRAL (SID) CAPE VERDE ISLANDS
• SAO NOCOLAU ISLAND (SNE) CAPE VERDE ISLANDS
• SAO VICENTE ISLAND (VXE) CAPE VERDE ISLANDS
• CAYMAN BARAC (CYB) CAYMAN ISLANDS
• GEORGETOWN (GCM) CAYMAN ISLANDS
• YALINGA (AIG) CENTRAL AFRICAN REP.
• BERBERATI (BBT) CENTRAL AFRICAN REP.
• BAMBARI (BBY) CENTRAL AFRICAN REP.
• BANGUI (BGF) CENTRAL AFRICAN REP.
• BANGASSOU (BGU) CENTRAL AFRICAN REP.
• BRIA (BIV) CENTRAL AFRICAN REP.
• BOUAR (BOP) CENTRAL AFRICAN REP.
• BIRAO (IRO) CENTRAL AFRICAN REP.
• N'DELE (NDL) CENTRAL AFRICAN REP.
• ABECHE (AEH) CHAD
• FAYA-LARGEAU (FYT) CHAD
• MOUNDOU (MQQ) CHAD
• N'DJAMENA (NDJ) CHAD
• PALA (PLF) CHAD
• SARH (SRH) CHAD
• ANTOFAGASTA (ANF) CHILE
• ARICA (ARI) CHILE
• BALMACEDA (BBA) CHILE
• CHILE CHICO (CCH) CHILE
• CONCEPCION (CCP) CHILE
• CALAMA (CJC) CHILE
• COPIAPO (CPO) CHILE
• COYHAIQUE (GXQ) CHILE
• EASTER ISLAND (IPC) CHILE
• IQUIQUE (IQQ) CHILE
• LA SERENA (LSC) CHILE
• LOS ANGELES (LSQ) CHILE
• PUERTO MONTT (PMC) CHILE
• PUNTA ARENAS (PUQ) CHILE
• SANTIAGO (SCL) CHILE
• SANTIAGO (ULC) CHILE
• ALTO PALENA (WAP) CHILE
• CHAITEN (WCH) CHILE
• VALDIVIA (ZAL) CHILE
• TEMUCO (ZCO) CHILE
• OSORNO (ZOS) CHILE
• ANCUD (ZUD) CHILE
• GUANGZHOU (CAN) CHINA
• ZHENGZHOU (CGO) CHINA
• CHONGQING (CKG) CHINA
• CHANGCHA (CSX) CHINA
• CHENGDU (CTU) CHINA
• DALIAN (DLC) CHINA
• DUNHUANG (DNH) CHINA
• FUZHOU (FOC) CHINA
• HEFEI (HFE) CHINA
• HANGZHOU (HGH) CHINA
• HAILAR (HLD) CHINA
• HARBIN (HRB) CHINA
• HOTAN (HTN) CHINA
• JINGDEZHEN (JDZ) CHINA
• KASHI (KHG) CHINA
• NANCHANG (KHN) CHINA
• KUNMING (KMG) CHINA
• GUILIN (KWL) CHINA
• LHASA (LXA) CHINA
• NINBO (NGB) CHINA
• NANJING (NKG) CHINA
• NANNING (NNG) CHINA
• BEIJING (PEK) CHINA
• SHANGHAI (SHA) CHINA
• SHANTOU (SWA) CHINA
• SHENZHEN (SZX) CHINA
• QINGDAO (TAO) CHINA
• TIANJIN (TSN) CHINA
• TAIYUAN (TYN) CHINA
• URUMQI (URC) CHINA
• WUHAN (WUH) CHINA
• XICHANG (XIC) CHINA
• XI'AN (XIY) CHINA
• XIAMEN (XMN) CHINA
• YANTAI (YNT) CHINA
• LANZHOU (ZGC) CHINA
• SAN ANDRES ISLAND (ADZ) COLOMBIA
• ARAUCA (AUC) COLOMBIA
• ARMENIA (AXM) COLOMBIA
• BARRANQUILLA (BAQ) COLOMBIA
• BUCARAMANGA (BGA) COLOMBIA
• BOGOTA (BOG) COLOMBIA
• BAHIA SOLANO (BSC) COLOMBIA
• BUENAVENTURA (BUN) COLOMBIA
• CALI (CLO) COLOMBIA
• CONDOTO (COG) COLOMBIA
• CARTAGENA (CTG) COLOMBIA
• CUCUTA (CUC) COLOMBIA
• COROZAL (CZU) COLOMBIA
• BARRANCABERMEJA (EJA) COLOMBIA
• MEDELLIN (EOH) COLOMBIA
• FLORENCIA (FLA) COLOMBIA
• GUAPI (GPI) COLOMBIA
• IBAGUE (IBE) COLOMBIA
• IPIALES (IPI) COLOMBIA
• LETICIA (LET) COLOMBIA
• RIO NEGRO (MDE) COLOMBIA
• MAGANGUE (MGN) COLOMBIA
• MONTERIA (MTR) COLOMBIA
• MITU (MVP) COLOMBIA
• MANIZALES (MZL) COLOMBIA
• NEIVA (NVA) COLOMBIA
• OCANA (OCV) COLOMBIA
• OTU (OTU) COLOMBIA
• PUERTO CARRENO (PCR) COLOMBIA
• PEREIRA (PEI) COLOMBIA
• POPAYAN (PPN) COLOMBIA
• PASTO (PSO) COLOMBIA
• PUERTO ASIS (PUU) COLOMBIA
• PROVIDENCIA (PVA) COLOMBIA
• RIO HACHA (RCH) COLOMBIA
• SARAVENA (RVE) COLOMBIA
• SAN JOSE DEL GUAVIARE (SJE) COLOMBIA
• SANTA MARTA (SMR) COLOMBIA
• SAN VINCENTE DE CAGUAN (SVI) COLOMBIA
• TUMACO (TCO) COLOMBIA
• TRINIDAD (TDA) COLOMBIA
• TAME (TME) COLOMBIA
• TURBO (TRB) COLOMBIA
• QUIBDO (UIB) COLOMBIA
• TULUA (ULQ) COLOMBIA
• VALLEDUPAR (VUP) COLOMBIA
• VILLAVICENCIO (VVC) COLOMBIA
• ANJOUAN (AJN) COMOROS ISLANDS
• MORONI (HAH) COMOROS ISLANDS
• MOHELI (NWA) COMOROS ISLANDS
• MORONI (YVA) COMOROS ISLANDS
• BRAZZAVILLE (BZV) CONGO
• LOUDIMA (DIS) CONGO
• OWANDO (FTX) CONGO
• IMPFONDO (ION) CONGO
• MAKABANA (KMK) CONGO
• MAKOUA (MKJ) CONGO
• OUESSO (OUE) CONGO
• POINTE-NOIRE (PNR) CONGO
• AITUTAKI (AIT) COOK ISLANDS
• AVARUA (RAR) COOK ISLANDS
• AJACCIO (AJA) CORSE ISL.
• BASTIA (BIA) CORSE ISL.
• CALVI (CLY) CORSE ISL.
• FIGARI (FSC) CORSE ISL.
• SOLENZARA (SOZ) CORSE ISL.
• GOLFITO (GLF) COSTA RICA
• LIMON (LIO) COSTA RICA
• LIBERIA (LIR) COSTA RICA
• NOSARA BEACH (NOB) COSTA RICA
• COTO 47 (OTR) COSTA RICA
• PALMAR SUR (PMZ) COSTA RICA
• SAN JOSE (SJO) COSTA RICA
• QUEPOS (XQP) COSTA RICA
• DUBROVNIK (DBV) CROATIA
• OSIJEK (OSI) CROATIA
• PULA (PUY) CROATIA
• RIJEKA (RJK) CROATIA
• SPLIT (SPU) CROATIA
• ZADAR (ZAD) CROATIA
• ZAGREB (ZAG) CROATIA
• CIEGO DE AVILA (AVI) CUBA
• BARACOA PLAYA (BCA) CUBA
• BAYAMO (BYM) CUBA
• CIENFUEGOS (CFG) CUBA
• CAMAGUEY (CMW) CUBA
• CAYO (CYO) CUBA
• GUANTANAMO (GAO) CUBA
• NUEVA GERONA (GER) CUBA
• HAVANA (HAV) CUBA
• HOLGUIN (HOG) CUBA
• LA COLOMA (LCL) CUBA
• MOA (MOA) CUBA
• MANZANILLO (MZO) CUBA
• SANTIAGO DE CUBA (SCU) CUBA
• SANTA CLARA (SNU) CUBA
• VARADERO (VRA) CUBA
• LAS TUNAS (VTU) CUBA
• AKROTIRI (AKT) CYPRUS
• LARNACA (LCA) CYPRUS
• PAPHOS (PFO) CYPRUS
• TURANY (BRQ) CZECH REPUBLIC
• KARLOVY VARY (KLV) CZECH REPUBLIC
• OSTRAVA (OSR) CZECH REPUBLIC
• PARDUBICE (PED) CZECH REPUBLIC
• PRAGUE (PRG) CZECH REPUBLIC
• PREROV (PRV) CZECH REPUBLIC
• AALBORG (AAL) DENMARK
• AARHUS (AAR) DENMARK
• BILLUND (BLL) DENMARK
• COPENHAGEN (CPH) DENMARK
• ESBJERG (EBJ) DENMARK
• KARUP (KRP) DENMARK
• ODENSE (ODE) DENMARK
• COPENHAGEN (RKE) DENMARK
• RONNE (RNN) DENMARK
• SOENDERBORG (SGD) DENMARK
• SKRYDSTRUP (SKS) DENMARK
• STAUNING (STA) DENMARK
• THISTED (TED) DENMARK
• CANEFIELD (DCF) DOMINICA
• DOMINICA (DOM) DOMINICA
• BARAHONA (BRX) DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
• SANTO DOMINGO (HEX) DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
• LA ROMANA (LRM) DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
• PUERTO PLATA (POP) DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
• PUNTA CANA (PUJ) DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
• SANTO DOMINGO (SDQ) DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
• SANTIAGO (STI) DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
• DILI (DIL) EAST TIMOR
• AMBATO (ATF) ECUADOR
• CUENCA (CUE) ECUADOR
• GUAYAQUIL (GYE) ECUADOR
• LAGO AGRIO (LGQ) ECUADOR
• MACHALA (MCH) ECUADOR
• MANTA (MEC) ECUADOR
• COCA (OCC) ECUADOR
• PORTOVIEJO (PVO) ECUADOR
• SALINAS (SNC) ECUADOR
• TARAPOA (TPC) ECUADOR
• TULCAN (TUA) ECUADOR
• QUITO (UIO) ECUADOR
• MACAS (XMS) ECUADOR
• ABU SIMBEL (ABS) EGYPT
• ALEXANDRIA (ALY) EGYPT
• ASWAN (ASW) EGYPT
• CAIRO (CAI) EGYPT
• EL-TOR (ELT) EGYPT
• HURGHADA (HRG) EGYPT
• LUXOR (LXR) EGYPT
• MERSA-MATRUH (MUH) EGYPT
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Carbon Emission

Domestic to/from uk, short haul to/from uk, long haul to/from uk, international to/from non-uk, total emissions, would you like to offset with blocicarbon, minimum order.

Note: This calculator allows you to estimate the carbon dioxide emissions for passenger flights. To select the departure and destination airports start typing the airport city into the text box. Interconnecting flights can be added by clicking + button on the right hand side. Select the best match for Cabin Class as the options provided by this calculator are based the UK Government GHG Conversion Factors.

Carbon Footprint Facts about your Plane Journey

Fuel Consumption : A Boeing 747, for example, can consume approximately 1 gallon of fuel every second. Over the course of a 10-hour flight, it might burn around 36,000 gallons of fuel. This translates to roughly 360,000 kilograms of CO2 emitted on a 10-hour flight.

Global Aviation Emissions : In 2019, worldwide CO2 emissions from commercial airlines amounted to 915 million metric tons, and flights produced 2.4% of total CO2 emissions.

Contrasting the Car and Plane : According to the UK government's BEIS data, a typical passenger vehicle emits about 180g of CO2 per kilometer. A plane, on the other hand, emits more than 110g of CO2 per kilometer per passenger in an economy class, and that's using a conservative estimate.

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• Request Estimation

Estimate your travel carbon footprint

Travel footpint calculator provided by Didier Barret CNRS, IRAP , @DidierBarret , [email protected]

What does the tool do?

The tool computes the carbon footprint associated with round trip flights, according to the methodology of several publicly available calculators. It does so for a set of trips from a given city of origin to a set of destinations. Similarly, the tool allows to compute the carbon footprint of a larger set of trips, corresponding to a conference, a meeting and so on. For this, the city of departure for each participant to the event has first to be provided. If multiple destination cities are provided, the tool ranks those cities according to the associated carbon footprint.

While online calculators enable to compute the footprint of a limited number of trips, this tool enables to compute the footprint of a larger number of trips in an automated way.

Furthermore, it provides an estimate based on data from seven different methods, whose estimates can differ significantly. If more than one method is selected by the user, the tool returns the mean of the estimates of all selected methods.

How does the tool work?

A round trip is defined by a city pair. The two cities are geolocated and from their longitude and latitude, the great circle distance is computed. This is the shortest path a plane can follow. Some methods thus consider uplift correction factors to account for deviations from the shortest paths, e.g., when a plane avoids bad weather conditions. In addition, two cities may not be connected by a direct flight. This is accounted for by increasing by 5% the great circle distance. Each method provides the carbon dioxide emission in kg as a function of the flight distance in km. Thus from the increased great circle distance, the carbon dioxide emission of a flight associated with a trip between a city pair is computed and multiplied by two to account for a round trip.

Which methods are used?

The tool incorporates seven different methods, among the most widely used, and for which the methodology used is documented (see additional resources later). This tool is by no means a critical review of the different methods. It takes the methods as they are described and presented. The methods may differ in their assumptions (e.g. with or without radiative forcing included) or in the perimeter considered (e.g. adding to the flight emissions, the one associated with the production phase and transport of the kerosene). The tool attempts to implement each method to the highest possible level of accuracy. Providing more than one method enables to get a mean value, while illustrating the significant differences in their estimates. In alphabetic order, the data considered are from ADEME: French Agency for Ecological Transition, atmosfair: a German carbon offsetting company, DEFRA: the UK Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs, ICAO: International Civil Aviation Organization, from the KLM carbon compensation service data and finally from myclimate, a Carbon offseting company, used in particular by Lufthansa.

This list is obviously not exhaustive but represents a variety of estimates from lower to higher values.

Updating the emission factors

The emission factors will be regularly updated. In April 2021, the emission factors from ADEME were updated (a minor revision took place on september 2023, from the impact of CO 2 web site ). The average emission factors for short, medium, long flights are considered as asverages for planes of ~200 seats or more (for ADEME, larger emissions for lower capacity planes). Very similar data are considered by the Labos1.5 organisation . In September 2023, the emission factors from DEFRA were updated. Similarly to the ADEME factors, short-hauls have a distance less than 1000 km, medium-hauls between 1000 and 3500 km, and long-hauls above 3500 km. The DEFRA emission factor for medius-hauls is the mean of the factors for domestic flights and short-haul international flights. The DEFRA emission factor for long-hauls is the mean between long-haul flights (to/from UK) and international flights(to/from non-UK). The DEFRA 2023 data and ADEME 2021 data are consistent with one another within uncertainties (from 10% to 70% for short and long flight emissions respectively).

How are the different methods built?

What is needed for each method is a function giving the carbon dioxide emission as a function of the flight distance. ADEME and DEFRA provide mean emission factors, as a function of flight distance. Myclimate provides an analytical formula. For ICAO and atmosfair, the on-line calculators have been run for a wide range of flights of varying distances (~100 flights spanning from 300 km to 12000 km) and the estimates have been fitted with linear functions, covering adjacent distance intervals (the calculators were run in 2020). For its carbon compensation service, KLM provides on its web site a table of emissions for a large range of flights. The KLM data have been also been fitted with linear functions. Differences up to a few tens of percent may be found between the data and the linearly interpolated values.

Accounting for non CO2 effects?

Aviation contributes to climate change more than just with the emission of Carbon dioxide from burning fuels, by releasing gases and particles directly into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere where they have an impact on atmospheric composition. To quantify to total climate impact of burning fuels, the direct CO2 emission of aircrafts is then multiplied by a factor, which in the literature refers either to a Radiative Forcing Index (RFI) or a Global Warming Potential (GWP) integrated over some time period (a 100-year time horizon was adopted for the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change). There is a debate in the science community on how non-CO2 effects should be modelled. For instance, a RFI multiplier of 1.7 (update 2023) is used by DEFRA, and a multiplier of 2 is considered by myclimate and ADEME (see discussion in Jungbluth, N. & Meili, C. Int J Life Cycle Assess (2019) 24: 404 .). ATMOSFAIR considers a multiplier of 3, for all emissions above 9 km, accounting for the profile of the flight. ICAO, KLM and the French Agency for Ecological Transition provides emission factors with and without the impacts associated with the trails. Therefore, the methods based on ICAO and KLM data are not recommended, as they do not account for non-CO2 effects, but are still given as methods providing the lowest emissions.

Seating category

The tool assumes economy seats in computing the travel footprint. On average it can be considered that the footprint can be multiplied by ∼ 1.5, ∼ 2.0 and ∼ 2.5 for flying in Premium Economy, Business and First class.

Accounting for train emission

The minimum distance for flying (one leg of the round trip) is an input to be selected by the user (it is set to 500 km by default). Below the minimum distance for flying, it is assumed that train is used. Deviations from the shortest path is accounted by a 1.35 multiplication factor. The tool thus assumes the mean of the emission factors of national and international rails, as provided by DEFRA (i.e. 23 grams per passenger km). This value is consistent with the ADEME values, if one considers trains powered by non-nuclear energy (it would be a factor of ~10 lower in that case). To relate the duration of a train journey to a travel distance, an average speed of 100 km/h is assumed.

Input and output data

The inputs are provided in US English for the city and country names, without diacritics. On each line, the city and country names must be separated by a comma. Pasting a CSV file in the form is possible, provided that a comma separates the city and country names.

A round trip is defined by a city pair. If the user enters cityA as the origin city, and twice cityB as destinations, the tool returns the cumulative emission and distance from two round trips involving cityA and cityB , and indicates that 2 round trips were involved. The same happens if the user enters twice cityA as the city of origin and cityB as the sole destination.

Three types of inputs can be considered depending on whether the user wants an “individual” estimate or an estimate for a conference, meeting and so on. In the former case, the “origin” city is unique and the “destination” cities may be multiple. The tool returns the carbon dioxide equivalent emission for each city of destination. The tool can thus be run also for an organization interested to know about its travel footprint, in which case the "origin" city is the city from which employees travel. In the later case, the “origin” cities are multiple (i.e. the cities from which the participants to the conference depart from), and the “destination” city may be a single host city or multiple host cities if the user wants to compare their associated footprint. If there is one destination, the tool returns the carbon dioxide equivalent for each city of origin. If multiple destinations are provided the tool returns the carbon dioxide equivalent emission summed over all cities of origin and for each city of destination. The cumulative round trip distance to each city of destination is also provided.

The result page provides a summary plot which can be downloaded, as well as a csv and raw yaml file, which can be used for further processing. The csv file lists the name of the city as in the form, the address to which it was geolocated, the carbon dioxide emission (in kg), the distance travelled, the number of trips possible by train (i.e. when the distance is less than the minimum flying distance, e.g. 500 km) and the number of trips by plane. The plot and the csv file rank the cities against the carbon dioxide emissions.

Trouble shooting

The estimation can go wrong if a city is not properly geolocated. This may happen because the name of the city is wrongly spelled or the geolocator (OpenStreetMap) is confused. An error should be listed at the end of the result page. Don’t be surprised, if the name recovered by the geolocator is not exactly the one you had expected (e.g. a city is located at the address of an embassy). An error may also occur if the input file submitted does not comply with the requested format, including font encoding. If nothing happens during a simple request, it is most likely caused by the geolocator being unavailable. In this case, try again a few minutes later. In case of very large many-to-many origin-to-destination combinations, the computing time may become very large. The advice is to split the inputs into parts. This may happen when comparing tens of thousands origins with hundreds of destinations.

If the format of the input data is not respected, the calculator will crash, without being too informative. Please check your inputs first.

If you experienced an error, it will always help to empty the Cache of your navigator. Alternatively, you may want to try with a different browser.

The numbers provided by the tool do not come with uncertainties, and shall only be considered indicative of the true emission. However, the numbers can be used for relative comparisons, e.g. when comparing two cities for hosting a conference.

Confidentiality

The data provided in the form will remain confidential, as will be the results.

This tool is provided on a best effort basis as a service to members of the science community. The numbers provided are informative and have obviously no legal value.

Results from the tool may reference to Barret (2020), Estimating, monitoring and minimizing the travel footprint associated with the development of the Athena X-ray Integral Field Unit, An on-line travel footprint calculator released to the science community, Experimental Astronomy, 49, 183. doi:10.1007/s10686-020-09659-8 .

Original motivation

Global warming poses a threat for life on our planet. Emissions of carbon dioxide by aircrafts keeps increasing, as the world economy keeps growing (it is about 3% of the anthropogenic emissions nowadays). Carrying scientific research is generally associated with traveling across the world, and thus air travel is likely to dominate the carbon footprint of most scientists and is likely to be large for developing international projects. This tool was first developed to compute the travel footprint associated with the development of the X-ray Integral Field Unit to fly on board the Athena space observatory in the mid 2030s. The rather large number derived, typically one hundred ton of carbon dioxide per bi-annual consortium meeting, imposed concrete actions to reduce the footprint of the project, by re-considering the number of large meetings, implementing different ways of interacting and working collectively in a world-wide consortium. The tool was further improved to easily compute the travel footprint associated with individual traveling or with the organization of events, involving a large number of travels. Finally, by comparing different, widely used methods, providing so different estimates, the tool is expected to raise awareness within the scientific community (and hopefully the authorities and medias) about the lack of regulations or framework on the critical matter of estimating aircraft emissions.

Concluding note

As a personal note, I would like to stress that, as a scientist, I find it very worrying that there are no standards for computing the flight emissions. May this tool help to raise awareness on this issue.

Additional resources

• Labos1.5 organisation
• Offset your flight with atmosfair
• ADEME , French Agency for Ecological Transition
• DEFRA , Emission conversion factors 2023
• ICAO Carbon Emissions Calculator
• KLM data , Airline data
• GHG information for transport services, June 2019 from the French Ministry for the Ecological and Inclusive Transition
• L. Hackel travel footprint calculator based on DEFRA emission factors
• Wikipedia article on the environmental impact of aviation

Your carbon footprint .

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Carbon offsetting is only recommended for emissions that are unavoidable, and should be integrated into your organisation’s carbon reduction plans.

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The Best Travel Carbon Calculators for Finding Lower-Emission Travel [Part 3]

This is Part 3 in my series about understanding, calculating and reducing the carbon emissions of travel, and particularly of flights.

Need to catch up? Here are the rest of the posts in this series on travel and climate:

• Part 1 is about why I decided to take on this massive project.
• Part 2 is about calculating my carbon emissions from flights  in 2022.
• Part 4 is about whether you should buy carbon offsets for travel – or invest your money in something else.)
• And Part 5 has my recommendations and quick take-aways .
• And here’s the very practical reason why I’m investing in carbon removal , along with reduction.

As I made painfully clear with a personal example in my last article , emissions from flying are the lion’s share of the total carbon footprint of travel. So, if you want to better understand your carbon footprint from travel , starting with flights is a good way to do it.

In this article, I’m laying out the differences between several carbon emissions calculators , so you can better understand how to calculate your carbon emissions from flights, and from travel in general.

The most important thing to remember as you read this is to not get lost in the weeds. Don’t let precision get in the way of understanding the bigger picture and taking action.

…However, this post is a “do as I say, not as I do” kind of thing, because it’s all about going off in the weeds. Before I calculated my carbon footprint from flights , I did a ton of research into the differences between several free travel carbon calculators, so I wanted to share what I’ve learned here.

These are the main points that make these carbon calculators so different (for flights):

• The numbers they use for the average grams of CO 2 emitted per kilometer flown (or pounds of CO 2 per mile flown, however you want to look at it). Some calculators just use one average emissions rate; others get more specific, considering the altitude, average load rate (how full the plane is), and the factors in the next point.
• The details they let you include – such as flying first class vs. economy , the exact route and layovers, and the exact aircraft model . (Some also differentiate between chartered and scheduled flights – and the two terms don’t always mean the same thing. They’ve really just forced me to make this article complicated, but I’ll do my best.)
• Whether they measure just plain CO 2 emissions, or CO 2 equivalent , which means including other greenhouse gasses and warming pollutants (like soot), contrails (which might cause about half of the climate impact of flights), and radiative forcing (which, to simplify, refers to the fact that emissions at higher altitudes are even worse). Some calculators don’t include any of those factors.
• The monetary value they put on each tonne of CO 2 emitted (mostly relevant for the calculators that also sell offsets, or otherwise put a financial value on your emissions total).

…And these are the five travel carbon calculators I’m comparing:

• TravelAndClimate.org
• Sustainable Travel International
• Offset Alliance (being released soon)

Why those, and not others? All of them were recommended at the conferences and webinars I’ve attended this year about sustainable travel, and by the many climate experts I’ve talked with.

In the examples below, I’ve calculated the emissions for the same exact flight on each carbon calculator, and explained why the results are so different. 

Warning : This is about to go into more detail than you might be interested to read. I completely get that, and I wrote the damn thing. If you just want to know which calculator is best for your needs, the highlights are in this comparison table:

ICAO gives k ind of a baseline carbon calculation for flights – although a rather soft one (because it only considers CO 2, but not other greenhouse gasses, radiative forcing, and emissions other factors).

• Button to convert between metric and standard units.
• Flights only.
• Ignores other GHGs besides CO2.
• Gives lower results that don't show true climate impact.

For many reasons, this calculator is the best for comparing different modes of transport – car vs. flight vs. train etc. – right next to each other, in one calculation.

• Differentiates between electric (EU) and diesel (US & elsewhere) trains.
• Calculate road trip emissions by origin and destination (instead of having to calculate distance separately).
• Includes ferries.
• Slightly clunky interface, but not hard once you know what you’re doing.

The most aggressive carbon calculator (meaning it gives the highest results). Usefully compares emissions between airlines – a piece of info travelers can actually use.

• Compare emissions among airlines!
• Very highly regarded by experts.

A well-known organization that does good work, but their calculator isn't my favorite interface or features. Also sells carbon offsets.

• Great for calculating emissions from private jet or chartered flights – dozens of aircraft options.
• Flights, cars, cruises, yachts & other boats...
• ...But no ferries, trains or busses.
• Enter road trips or train trips only by distance or hours traveled – but not by origin and destination.

You can also click here to jump down and see which carbon calculators I actually use for different situations , after all this research.

Icao: the un’s carbon emissions calculator for flights.

ICAO – the International Civil Aviation Organization – is part of the United Nations, but I like to think of them as iCow, a pet cow robot that fits in your pocket.

Okay, sorry. Anyway. ICAO makes a carbon emissions calculator for flights that’s a well-respected baseline in the industry. Since it’s from the UN, it’s based on data from 190+ reporting countries. (Data including aircraft types, fuel use, passenger to freight ratios, and load factors – or how full planes are.)

Still, I wouldn’t call this the most accurate or best carbon calculator for travelers – because it only includes CO 2 .

(That means it ignores other greenhouse gasses, or non-CO 2 effects, including the altitude where emissions happen. Their reasoning is that science isn’t sure exactly how big those effects are. But science is sure that the answer isn’t zero .)

But ICAO does have one handy feature that all the others lack: An easy button to switch between results in metric and standard units. (Kilograms of CO 2 per kilometer flown, vs pounds of CO 2 per mile flown.)

It’s fairly simple, although I wouldn’t exactly call the interface user-friendly. You select the cabin class of your flights (economy or “premium,” although it’s not clear exactly what they mean by that term), and add which airports you had layovers in , if any.

Tip to Reduce Flight Emissions: Planes burn the most fuel at take-off and landing, so taking direct flights whenever possible (and at least minimizing layovers when direct isn’t available) can greatly reduce your climate impact.

So for a flight that I generally take at least once a year, New York’s JFK airport to Milan’s Malpensa airport (MXP) , the round-trip emissions, flying economy, come out to 716 kg of CO 2 .

(To get to JFK, I’ll have to add in a train ride from Boston to NYC, on Amtrak’s Acela fast train. That adds 34 kg of CO 2 emissions – but if I had flown from Boston to JFK, it would have been 72 kg. For the train emissions, I used the next calculator on this list.)

TravelAndClimate.org : Great Emissions Calculator for Travel – Any Travel!

After ICAO, I moved on to the travel carbon calculator from TravelAndClimate.org , which is a project of several sustainable tourism organizations and universities in Sweden.

The calculator uses a uniform rate of 133 grams of CO 2 per km of air travel, whether it’s a long- or short-haul flight.

While it’s a little clunky to use at first, it gets the job done – and it doesn’t stop at flights. You can use the Travel And Climate calculator to compare train, bus, air, and car travel all in one place, and all at the same time.

That’s really unique and probably the most useful, actionable feature of any of these carbon calculators.

It also lets you include emissions from hotels and hostels . (The only one I’ve found with this feature, too.)

For flights, I really like that this carbon calculator includes the climate impact of fuel production and the non-CO 2 effects of flights . Many of the others don’t, including ICAO. (That’s why ICAO’s results are so much lower.)

(There’s a good explanation of non-CO 2 effects, and a comparison with ICAO, in TravelAndClimate.org’s methodology paper , along with the emissions differences between long- and short-haul flights. It’s really an interesting read! Go to pages 13 – 15, and skip below the giant, intimidating formula.)

It also includes emissions from getting to and from the airport . (A minor issue compared with the flights themselves, but I’m impressed by their thoroughness.)

Together, all those factors make a big difference (even though Travel And Climate doesn’t include radiative forcing). When I plugged my New York to Milan flight into this calculator, it came back with a much-worse-sounding 1,722 kg of CO 2 . (Much worse than the result from ICAO, I mean.)

Calculator Tip: For flights, you can specify economy, premium economy, or business/first class on the Travel And Climate calculator – you just have to click on the airplane icon after you click “calculate.” That’s a little illogical to me, but the option is there. (Same goes for the type of vehicle you’re driving for their road trip carbon calculator, or the type of train – electric or diesel – like in the gif below.)

You can also choose between scheduled or chartered flights – which they use to mean tour companies filling entire planes that they either own or lease. They use a slightly lower emission factor (118 g of CO 2 per passenger km) for chartered, because those flights tend to have higher occupancy rates.

Sustainable Travel International: Carbon Calculator + Offsets (But not my favorite)

Next, I tested the travel carbon calculator from Sustainable Travel International. This one is fairly similar to the calculator from TravelandClimate.org in terms of results. But it also includes a carbon calculator for car trips, private planes, and some boats. (By “boats,” I mean cruises , liveaboards, and yachts – but not ferries . It also doesn’t calculate emissions for trains or busses).

For road trips, you select a type of vehicle, and then enter either the distance or hours driven . (There’s no option to just enter departure and arrival destinations, like you can with TravelAndClimate.org’s calculator for vehicle emissions – which I think is much easier.)

Another difference is that Sustainable Travel International uses more aggressive (bigger) assumptions for the carbon emissions of flights: From 140 to 550 grams of CO 2 equivalent per passenger kilometer for scheduled (not private) flights.

(The difference is based on class and flight time. Longer flights go up to higher altitudes, and emissions at higher altitudes, in short, are worse . This is the RF factor I’ve mentioned above.)

Again, you can choose round-trip or one-way flights , and economy class or premium. (Although, just like the ICAO calculator, they don’t specify exactly what “premium” means – is it first class, or premium economy? It would definitely make a difference.)

Tip to Reduce Flight Emissions: Business or first class seats take up more space per person on the plane, and that means you get a bigger share of the emissions of the entire flight. In general, first class more than doubles the emissions of economy .

So I plugged in the same route –  JFK to Milan Malpensa roundtrip – and the STI calculator gave me a total of 1.79 metric tons, AKA 1,790 kg of CO 2 .

That’s almost exactly the same result as from TravelAndClimate.org . (But I don’t love that Sustainable Travel International puts the result in terms of tonnes, instead of kilograms. Of course, the difference is just a matter of moving the decimal point. But I think using tonnes makes the emissions number feel smaller, and a little harder to make sense of.)

And you can choose between scheduled or chartered fights ­– but note that the Sustainable Travel International calculator uses “chartered” to mean “private plane.”

And in my opinion, that’s the best use for this carbon calculator – for private flights.

It’s the only one I’ve found that lets you calculate emissions based on the specific aircraft for those chartered flights – with dozens of planes to choose from . So if you find yourself zipping around on private jets, this is the carbon calculator for you.

Sustainable Travel International is also a broker selling verified emissions offsets , so if you choose, you can calculate your emissions and pay to offset them on the same site.

Their carbon offsets are pretty straightforward. You can’t choose the specific projects you support with your offset donation, but you donate to their portfolio of projects – supporting renewable energy development, and biodiversity and ecosystem protection.

For this, STI uses a value of $16 per metric tonne of CO 2 . (That’s the price you pay to buy carbon offsets from them. So my carbon emissions from flights in 2022 would cost $256 to offset from Sustainable Travel International. Just this JFK-MXP flight I’ve been testing would cost $29.)

Note: This is not the end of the conversation about carbon offsets! It’s hardly even the beginning. I’ll have another post dedicated to just that topic coming out soon.

Atmosfair – A very detailed carbon calculator for flights

Atmosfair is a German non-profit organization that’s one of the oldest and generally most respected carbon calculators in the industry. They’ve been around since 2003, and have created the most granular, detailed travel carbon calculator for flights that I’ve found . (And they only do flights – no trains, boats, or automobiles.)

I spoke with the co-founder of Tourism Declares A Climate Emergency , Jeremy Smith, at a conference recently, and he told me in no uncertain terms that he thinks Atmosfair is the best calculator out there for flights.

You can choose your flight class (economy, premium economy, business or first), and whether your flight is scheduled or chartered (which they use to mean fuller planes for package tours).

So far, that’s all just like TravelAndClimate.org.

But Atmosfair has the only calculator I’ve found that lets you see the emissions difference between specific aircraft (for regular, non-private flights), and based on which airports you had layovers in.

Tip to Reduce Flight Emissions: Newer airplanes, like the A320neo and the Boeing 787-9 , are much more efficient. Routes with out-of-the-way layovers will increase your flight distance and emissions – even more than other, more convenient layovers.

All of these are optional, so if you don’t know which exact plane you flew on, Atmosfair will use an average emissions rate based on all the aircraft that fly your route.

And my favorite thing about Atmosfair is that it gives results in terms of the most efficient airlines, versus the average airline.

Tip to Reduce Flight Emissions: In my calculations , I took note of whether I’d flown the least or most efficient airline, and what the difference would have been. What I found was that the most efficient airline was often, easily , 30% better than the average, and sometimes much more. The best example was a massive 63% emissions difference between United and Southwest Airlines – for the same exact route! That’s huge!  

So again, I plugged in my JFK to Milan round-trip flight , economy class, and Atmosfair gave me an emission calculation of… 2,767 kg of CO 2 , wait what??

Why did Atmosfair give me an answer that was nearly double what the first two calculators said, and four times higher than ICAO’s, when I asked them all the same question?

I thought this was going to be a tough question, but it turns out the answer (or at least the beginning of one) is the very first point on Atmosfair’s FAQ page .

Their explanation is that Atmosfair includes other greenhouse gasses (like nitrogen oxide) and pollutants (like soot particles) that also have a climate warming effect – not just CO 2 . They then convert all of those to a CO 2 “ equivalent ” figure.

But… they’re not the only ones who do this. Sustainable Travel International and TravelAndClimate.org also count non-CO 2 factors. But Atmosfair also includes radiative forcing , as they explain in their methodology (pages 16-17):

“All carbon emissions produced during a flight at over 9 kilometers are multiplied by 3 to correctly render the flight’s climate impact in CO2.”

Translation: Atmosfair triples any CO 2 emission that happen above 29,500 feet.

So, in reality, Atmosfair doesn’t necessarily give the most accurate picture of the total climate impact of a flight, but it certainly gives the most conservative one.

(In the sense that its calculations are a sort of worst-case scenario for the areas where scientists aren’t in agreement on just how bad the non-CO 2 factors are.)

Like Sustainable Travel International, you can also buy carbon offsets directly through Atmosfair . Atmosfair calculates the donation (offset) amount using a value of €23 per tonne of CO2 . (That’s about $24.50 USD, as of writing this in December, 2022.) So the price they assign to my New York to Milan flight is $68.

(One of the experts I talked to about this said maybe that’s why they use such aggressive calculations – to get more money into their offsetting program. I don’t necessarily agree, or necessarily think it’s a bad thing to encourage more donations. But we’ll go into that more in my next post – all about carbon offsetting.)

Atmosfair’s offsets support a range of projects , from providing efficient cookstoves, to renewable energy, to even “ rebuilding tourism .”

Offset Alliance – Simple carbon calculator for flights

Offset Alliance is a Certified B-Corp based in San Diego, California, and its flight emissions calculator is a bit different – or at least it will be. Their main focus is helping tour operators and other local travel companies account for the climate impacts of their guests flying to them .

So, for example: If you fly to Costa Rica, and stay at an eco-lodge that offsets its emissions, those emissions that the lodge counts almost never include your flights to get to Costa Rica. (Flights are part of what you’ll see called “ scope 3 ” emissions, if you read much about carbon accounting in travel, or any industry.)

Offset Alliance works with those local travel companies, and gives their customers an easy way to add up emissions, and buy verified offsets for them.

They do this by calculating average emissions from the most common routes flown between two places . First, they use Kayak and Skyscanner to find the most realistic and common routes between Point A and Point B.

Then they use emissions data from ICAO, but with an important caveat – they multiply ICAO’s numbers by 1.9 to account for radiative forcing (non-CO 2 effects and other greenhouse gasses, and the fact that it all has an even worse warming effect when released at high altitudes).

That’s it. That’s their methodology, which, after trying to understand exactly how the other calculators come up with their numbers, you might find refreshingly simple.

They then sell verified offsets for those emissions at a value of $12 to $14 per metric tonne , which lets you buy into a portfolio of carbon offsetting projects.

It’s not available quite yet, but soon they’ll be launching a very simple travel carbon calculator using the same logic. The calculator won’t ask about layovers, or first class vs. economy , or whether the flight was private (it assumes it wasn’t).

I asked Offset Alliance’s co-founder, Henkel Smith, why they’re doing it this way. His reply:

“When it comes to leisure travelers that aren’t making climate action claims like a company would, we feel it’s best to focus on simplicity and convenience over detailed accuracy, in order to (hopefully) be maximizing engagement and action.”

Personally, I think it’s kind of a missed opportunity to not educate people on the differences in emissions that come with choices like first class vs. economy, and direct flights vs. layovers.

But it’s also a legitimate point. Getting more people engaged – even just getting them to start thinking about carbon emissions from travel – is a good thing.

So based on that, the emissions for my New York City to Milan flight should come out to 1,360 kg CO 2 with the Offset Alliance calculator. (About half of what Atmosfair gave me, and about 20% less than Sustainable Travel International and TravelandClimate.org.)

At the rate they use for offsetting, the carbon “price” would be around $18 for that flight.

At the end of the day, does it matter which carbon calculator you use?

Yes, there are major differences in the results that come out of these five different carbon calculators, but it’s not because any of them are just guessing. It’s because they’re using different assumptions and formulas, where the science is still evolving every year.

(For example: For the non-CO 2 effects of flight emissions, for a while the recommendation was to  double the CO 2 amount . Then a  more recent paper recommended tripling  it.)

These questions aren’t settled, and overall, the differences between these tools are small details in the big picture.

The only one I am really skeptical of is ICAO’s calculator , the first on this list.

Because it’s used by CORSIA , which is a new carbon offsetting plan for airlines, I have a hard time believing that they don’t just leave out the RF factor (radiative forcing) and other greenhouse gasses to make the industry’s numbers look a little less bad.

In fact, one expert I talked with put it more bluntly:

“I think it’s rubbish because they don’t include radiative forcing.”

That was Charlie Cotton, the founder of ecollective – a small consultancy that helps companies actually reduce the amount of carbon they emit throughout their entire business. (They’re a smart bunch of people. I’ve had several calls with them, and really respect their work.)

So using ICAO’s numbers as a starting point for further calculations (as Offset Alliance does) seems perfectly reasonable. But as a traveler, using ICAO and nothing else to understand your climate impact from flights would definitely give a low-ball estimate.

The whole point of doing this carbon calculation exercise, for travelers, is to understand the relative difference (and potential emissions savings ) between different airlines, different routes, and between flying, driving, taking a train etc.

So the most important thing is to just compare like with like . Don’t use one calculator for one flight and a different one for another. So as long as you stick with one, you’ll have a perfectly good way to make those comparisons.

Here’s what I’ll be using:

If the focus of calculating travel emissions is to understand how to reduce them (as it should be, as opposed to just understanding how much to offset), then I think there are two clear winners here.

They’re the ones that give the most information that travelers can actually use to reduce emissions without traveling less:

For flight emissions, my preference is Atmosfair .

I appreciate the fact that it gives us the worst-case-scenario numbers. (After all, there’s not much point in this exercise if we’re going to try to sugar coat or minimize the results.)

But probably the best thing about Atmosfair is that it puts the emissions results in terms of the most efficient airlines . That’s such a useful piece of information that travelers can actually act on.

Plus, since Atmosfair provides the data that both Kayak and Momondo use, it’s an easy way to stay consistent and keep your numbers comparable. (If you use those for your flight searches, as I do.)

For everything other than flights, TravelandClimate.org is my top pick.

It’s extremely useful that this calculator lets you compare all the different ways you could travel in one interface . So you can easily see things like whether driving a long distance is more efficient than flying. (If you’re going solo, the answer is often no.) Again, that’s super actionable information that we can really use to make better travel choices.

You can also choose between different types of vehicles, and even diesel and electric trains . (Which is totally necessary for those of us still in the dark ages of train travel – the US of A) . And it makes a big difference – athough even Amtrak still beats flying for climate impact.

For everything in life that’s not travel, here are three good calculators:

Charlie (from ecollective ) recommended the WWF carbon footprint calculator because, “it speaks to you as a normal person.” (Especially if you live in the UK. If not, it’s still a good way to highlight which factors influence your footprint the most, you’ll just have to “translate” some terms from British, and the results won’t be as accurate.)

For US residents, the calculators from Conservation International and Cool Climate are two of the most complete I’ve found.

This could be a whole separate article – but don’t worry, I’m not going there right now.

Bottom line? Again – don’t get lost in the weeds when you start adding up your carbon footprint.

There’s definitely a risk (if you’re a bit of perfectionist, like me) that you’ll wonder, after hours of confusion, if it’s even worth bothering? The answer is yes.

What all scientists, and all of the teams behind all of the carbon calculators are sure of is that we need to understand our emissions in order to reduce them. All of the options listed above are a great start for that, so just pick one that works for you and use it.

I hope this comparison of travel carbon calculators has been helpful for you! If so, please consider sharing it with a friend or on social media, to help spread the knowledge.

If you have any questions, leave them below and i’ll get back to you.

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Sustainability and Sustainable Travel Writer

I’m Ketti, the founder of Tilted Map – an award-winning travel blog! – and a Sustainability Editor for the UK's most-read travel magazine. Originally from Montana, USA, I moved to China with a job teaching English, a side-hustle writing for magazines, and just one word of Mandarin. That turned into five years abroad, a Master's Degree in Sustainable Business & Energy, and a passion for finding realistic ways to travel and live more sustainably. I created Tilted Map to share what I'm learning along the way – I hope you're finding it useful!

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Thanks a lot for this information! I’ve been looking for a good emissions calculator for Amtrak and until I found your blog I only knew of a very detailed analysis by the Environmental Protection Agency called “Savings in per-passenger CO2 emissions using rail rather than air travel in the northeastern US”. This report too, has been helpful as I’ve found out the exact amount of miles taken on Amtrak using reports from the Rail Passengers Association. Obviously, this is a mouthful, and I wasn’t satisfied to just see the findings of the report nor the claims of possible emissions reductions (compared to taking flights, obviously) by Amtrak. I felt the need to go further, and especially since just recently I took a 2 day trip on Amtrak that went outside the northeastern US.

Thanks for your comment! I’m happy I could help. 🙂

There are definitely some great tool out there. I do love Travel and Climate especially for trains in the US, since it’s the only calculator I’ve found that lets you choose the difference between diesel trains (like Amtrak, unfortunately) and electric trains.

How was your two-day Amtrak trip? I’ve done Montana to West Virginia a couple of times before, so I feel like I know what you went through! (Although I actually enjoyed it – lots of time to read and take in scenery!)

Thanks again! And if you haven’t already, you can get on my list to keep in touch !

Went from New York, NY to Austin, TX. The Lake Shore Limited train was delayed by almost 3 hours, and the break in between when that train arrived and the Texas Eagle departed was about 3 and a half hours, so I was worried that I would end up staying an entire day in Chicago! This didn’t happen, fortunately, and there were no additional hiccups besides the delay. One thing that started to get annoying were the freight trains passing by at high speeds (on the Lake Shore Limited, when our train was going at a high speed), as they blocked the view, and it was difficult to process the motion of the vast amount of freight cars (I tried my best to look away from the window). Also, the breaks in Dallas and Fort Worth, TX were quite long. But other than that, the train journey was not only quite fun; it became a trip down memory lane (I used to live near one of the stations served by the Texas Eagle, but now live on the east coast). The views of the snow and various places in the Midwest were beautiful! I was also able to chat with a few people whom I didn’t know. At the end of the trip my muscles were hurting and I was badly wanting a shower!

The Texas Eagle was the first and only Superliner train I’ve taken. I’m used to the trains in my state (not in the NE corridor, although I live near 2 lines that go directly to DC and NYC) that don’t have the big Superliner coach cars, but the views are still great regardless. The longest journey for my previous Amtrak train trip lasted 14 hours, at the most. That train was the first that I took ever, and I was still in high school then.

Sounds like an adventure!! And yes, freight trains are definitely the most annoying thing about Amtrak. Either they’re zooming by and blocking the view, or they’re causing a delay for hours. I wonder what it would take to actually get passenger specific tracks built in this country (and electrified, too!).

Thanks for the story!